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Lewis & Clark among the Indians
  • perceived those gifts as bribes to ensure compliance with treaty terms, heaps of blankets, pots, and guns
  • , visible but rarely mentioned, were guns and ammunition. Lewis and Clark did not carry a special supply
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
September 17, 1804 entry by Meriwether Lewis
  • , I determined to devote this day to amuse myself on shore with my gun and view the interior
  • N.D.
  • Multimedia
  • Gary E. Moulton
The Salish People and the Lewis and Clark Expedition Excerpt 7
  • animals. Plenty of everything, and this land was good. And the air here was clean. The journals
  • N.D.
  • Multimedia
  • Salish Pend d'Oreille Culture Committee and Elders Cultural Advisory Council, Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes
North Dakota Quarterly 71.2 (2004): 6–27.
  • that. There was a biting chill in the morning air, and ice crystals were forming on the oars overnight. The explosive
  • , and the mender of Guns." That would seem to exclude the two captains. The Mandan were pleased to win what might
  • deceived them & we might also, he promised to return & furnish them with guns & amunition.... Posecopsahe's
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • Clay S. Jenkinson
Images from the Library of Congress
  • Wild Gun Three-quarter length portrait of Piegan family. LC-USZ62-112266 cph 3c12266 Photographer
  • N.D.
  • Images
Lewis & Clark among the Indians 1. The Voyage Begins
  • perceived those gifts as bribes to ensure compliance with treaty terms, heaps of blankets, pots, and guns
  • , visible but rarely mentioned, were guns and ammunition. Lewis and Clark did not carry a special supply
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
Lewis & Clark among the Indians Afterword
  • . Clark claimed that the swivel gun he gave to the Hidatsa chief Le Borgne had spoken in thunder to "all
  • the nations we had seen." But what the gun said and how its report was answered depended on circumstances far
  • American guns whie rejecting less useful gifts. Bernard DeVoto once wrote that the records of the Lewis
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • , and Clark thought he knew the reason. In spite of high winds that filled the air with sand, Meriwether had
  • of the wild-rice lakes of Minnesota, a principal source of food. On at least obtaining guns from the French
  • . As it returned, packed tight with Indians, the swivel gun on the bow of the keelboat banged out two salutes
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
Montana 29:3 [1979]: 16–27.
  • as tobacco, vermilion, beads, rings, looking glasses powder, shot, and guns. The last item may have been
  • home with part of the Furrs, they likewise Robbed him of all his Provisions Ammunition, 2 new Guns
  • their enemies with guns, powder, and shot. For similar reasons, the Sioux also occasionally threatened
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • John A. Alwin
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • topped with a canvas awning. The swivel guns boomed; the enlisted men paraded. To the tune
  • . Cold air on wet feet during the rest of the journey resulted in frostbite for some. But, wrote Sergeant
  • and your horses with our dried meat and leather and with guns and brass kettles and cloth we obtain from
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • gun, toward the tree under which he had planned to camp. The bear's step quickened. Switching
  • . The water was clutching at his waist before he was able to pull himself up beside the others, minus the gun
  • interfered with the work of the boatwrights. Whenever the air was still, mosquitoes swarmed unendurably
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
The Men of the Lewis & Clark Expedition The Men of the Lewis & Clark Expedition
  • recognized in him some level of competence with a gun and horses. Someone raised along the Connecticut would
  • rifle into the deep water. We know also that Reuben Field was sent out to rescue the gun from
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • Charles G. Clarke
Lewis & Clark among the Indians 9. The Way Home
  • , "we amused ourselves with showing them the power of magnatism, the spy glass, compass, watch, air gun
  • the air and make rounding up the horses much easier. Because the young Shoshoni interpreter refused
  • to worsen a complex situation, Lewis and Clark reminded the Indian that his reward of two guns
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • into the keelboat's two swivel guns. As the black mouths swung toward the group several Indians strung their bows
  • and the swivel guns, let their arrows drop back into their quivers and drifted cautiously away. The three chiefs
  • and firing their guns to awaken any sleepers in town, the men ran across the terrace to the water's edge
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
Exploring the Explorers: Great Plains Peoples and the the Lewis and Clark Expedition Great Plains Quarterly 13.2 (1993): 81–90
  • for ironware, textiles, guns, and luxury goods. The business they neither expected nor welcomed was politics
  • to the outsiders. A button, an awl, a gun, or an old tobacco box might have both utility in this world
  • a second unmistakable fact. These men were exceptionally well–armed. Trading parties always carried guns
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • JAMES P. RONDA
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • have heard the guns of their counterparts. Although the Corps's journalists do not speculate
  • they be on the river, before the daily discharge of our guns, which was necessary in procuring subsistence
  • of friendship and finally setting aside his gun so that he could hold out tempting gifts, Lewis advanced toward
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • disturbed the men's sleep that they would jump up with shouts of rage and fire guns to scare the beasts away
  • the swivel gun that had once been mounted on the keelboat but had proved unsuited to the white pirogue. He
  • to future traders. After ordering the men to check their guns, on they went to the Indians' towns
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • soldiers they had picked up later had brought with them. Clark gave experimental twists to the swivel guns
  • , he suffered an embarrassment of his own. He had a good day with his gun—one fat bear and two deer
  • , he crouched for awhile in the smudge he had built and then fired his gun to let anyone in hearing
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
Heritage of the Great Plains 37: no. 1 (Spring/Summer 2004)
  • comes between April and September. Air from three different sources—the Arctic, the Pacific Ocean
  • , and the Gulf of Mexico—can meet on the Plains and create some of the nation's most severe weather. The air from
  • the north is usually dry and cool, while the tropical air mass from the south is usually moist and warm
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • Karen Jean De Bres
Lewis & Clark among the Indians 7. Down the Columbia
  • heard a gun), a few light clouds passing, the fall of the birds and our immediately landing and coming
  • and eagerly sought by The Dalles merchants were guns, blankets, clothing, and the prized blue beads. Coming
  • at The Dalles. Although the smell of dead fish still hung in the air and clouds of fleas hovered everywhere
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
Lewis & Clark among the Indians 6. Across the Divide
  • , Clark hoped to find the Shoshonis before they were frightened by hunters' guns from the larger group
  • that navigation was at an end that they might go by land." Canoes overturned, tow ropes broke, and the air
  • took his blanket and waved it three times in the air. Perhaps Drouillard had told him
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • in the southern sky. One night the moon wore halos and bars. Moisture in the air occasionally froze
  • medicine bundle for strength. Apparently the coupling took place in the open air, in the dead of winter
  • considered to possess great wisdom, for how else could they create such wonders as guns, magnifying glasses
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
Montana [The Magazine of Western History] 21.3 (1971): 2–17.
  • of some gravel but principally mud. “In short,” wrote Lewis, "the air and character of this river
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • John L. Allen
Lewis & Clark among the Indians 2. The Teton Confrontation
  • ." As a parting shot, Clark notified the Sioux that the Americans had given guns, ammunition, and even a cannon
  • three times with his gun. "This I am informed," wrote Clark drily, "is a great oath among the Indians
  • and at the same time alerted Lewis and the keelboat crew for action. Lewis ordered the swivel guns readied while
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • , they would receive ten horses plus still more guns. The party would wait for the guides (if any) at some
  • in return for two guns. The captains knew them—a brother of Cut Nose and two braves "of good character
  • the layover Shields repaired all the guns. The five Nez Percés and the American soldiers ran footraces
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
Journal of Historical Geography [Great Britain] 18:1 (1992) 27–40.
  • of the envelope and securing them at a proper elevation, a free passage of air is obtained, which greatly
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • John L. Allen
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • the "exorbitant" price of two dollars for his and his animals' services. Another obstacle was fog. At night, air
  • in a thermometer, stayed in the low seventies. "When the air becomes most cool," he noted in his journal, "which
  • , and stowage in casks and supposedly waterproof bags. Rusty guns, tomahawks, and trade knives had to be oiled
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
Lewis and Clark on the Great Plains A Natural History
  • the group's guns and horses. In the resulting fight one Blackfoot man was killed and another was evidently
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • Paul A. Johnsgard
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • into the river. Instantly the Indians across the way, who never before had heard a gun, fled in panic
  • the expedition's most valuable "papers Guns & amunition" by land while the dugouts took on the "very bad place
  • the widening river or in clearings on the shore. The natives carried guns, swords, sailors' clothing, copper
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • meager for the want of food. . . . `If we had guns, we could then live in the country of buffaloe and eat
  • by firing a set of volleys. The salute would impress his people and make them aware of the power of guns
  • , "to let the world go as it may." Soon the Indians were asking for guns and ammunition as well
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
Lewis & Clark among the Indians 8. The Clatsop Winter
  • event in the lower Chinookans' year. European-manufactured objects quickly pervaded native life. Guns
  • Bishop to fire a gun announcing the start of business. If Bishop believed that his fine store
  • than a friendly note. Angered by an attempt to steal guns from the expedition, Clark bluntly informed
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • swivel gun was cached with the white pirogue near the Great Falls of the Missouri. How did he happen
  • a small medal as a reward. The clearing of the air was needed. The baggage still had to be lugged from
  • of this teeming stretch of the Columbia was superb. A variety of flowers bloomed in April. The air near The Dalles
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
May 29, 1805 entry by Meriwether Lewis, part 1
  • in an uproar with our guns in or hands, enquiring of each other the case of the alarm, which after a few
  • N.D.
  • Multimedia
  • Gary E. Moulton
June 2, 1805 entry by Meriwether Lewis
  • pursued Charbono who fired his gun in the air as he ran but fortunately eluded the vigilence of the bear
  • N.D.
  • Multimedia
  • Gary E. Moulton
Lewis & Clark among the Indians 4. The Mandan Winter
  • -being of the villagers. Quite the contrary, the trade items (especially guns and ammunition
  • ; fancy Cheyenne leather clothing for Mandan dandies; English trade guns and ammunition eagerly sought
  • were "guns, axes, kettles, powder, bullets, knives, [and] awls." Whenever Lewis and Clark analyzed
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
Western Historical Quarterly 35 (Spring 2004): 53–72. Copyright © 2004, Western History Association.)
  • was located south of Bon Homme Island on the Missouri River. This map covers about 23 air miles
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • Thomas C. Danisi and W. Raymond Wood
Lewis & Clark among the Indians Appendix: A Note on Sacagawea
  • and Cameahwait depended far more on promises of guns and trades than on any intercessions made by Sacagawea
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • guns today), looked like a long-barreled Kentucky rifle, it was activated by air pumped under pressure
  • part on the rifles the men carried. He ordered fifteen guns for fifteen men, together with powder horns
  • for himself, tools and gun flints, and articles for the Indians they would meet. Though the last-named items
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
Great Plains Quarterly 24:4 (2004): 263–82.
  • intentions to trade guns with the Salish (Sells), Shoshone (Aqui-Dika), and Nez Perce (Nimiipu). This news
  • the warriors attempted to steal the party's guns and horses. In the ensuing fight, Reubin Field mortally
  • the young men to steal their guns. In the attempt, a Pikuni named Side Hill Calf was killed with the white
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • Kevin S. Blake
Western Historical Quarterly 33.1 (2002): 5–18
  • guns and horses, a nasty fight erupted leaving two Indians dead. In a moment of imperial bravado, Lewis
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • Dearborn, more than the fifteen Lewis had bought guns and shirts for at Harpers Ferry. Evidently he had
  • them in canoes by British-Canadian traders, who seldom used horses. Northern guns for southern horses
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
June 14, 1805 entry by Meriwether Lewis, part 2
  • I discovered him; in the first moment I drew up my gun to shoot, but at the same instant recolected
  • N.D.
  • Multimedia
  • Gary E. Moulton
Lewis & Clark among the Indians 3. The Arikara Interlude
  • gun into the air. Certain that the attack was upon them, the expedition prepared to defend itself
  • , especially guns, and a reliable market for corn and horses. Tabeau and the captains tended to overstate
  • to obtain guns, clothes, hats, kettles, clothes, etc., which are given them in exchange for their horses
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • , and Clark thought he knew the reason. In spite of high winds that filled the air with sand, Meriwether had
  • of the wild-rice lakes of Minnesota, a principal source of food. On at least obtaining guns from the French
  • . As it returned, packed tight with Indians, the swivel gun on the bow of the keelboat banged out two salutes
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • "treacherously seized on & made themselves masters of all our Guns—in which Situation we engaged them with our
  • Knives & our Pistol recovered our guns & killed two of them & put the others to flight, pursued them
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • the bear toward the shooter. Two men, hotly pursued, flung guns and shot pouches aside, and jumped over
  • that the bull had broken, during its climb across the pirogue, the stock of one of the swivel guns, part
  • soaking the elkskins they were taking to camp and almost losing their guns, they abandoned the effort
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
August 30, 1803 entry by Meriwether Lewis
  • a Mr. Blaze Cenas being unacquainted with the management of the gun suffered her to discharge herself
  • N.D.
  • Multimedia
  • Gary E. Moulton