Volume 5 Sources Cited

Alexander
Alexander, James M., III. Archaeological Test Excavations at 45 BN184, Plymouth Park, Benton County, Washington. Washington State University, Washington Archaeological Research Center, Project Report No. 26. Pullman, 1976.
Allen (PG)
Allen, John L. Passage Through the Garden: Lewis and Clark and the Image of the American Northwest. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1975.
Ames
Ames, Kenneth M. A Prehistory of the Clearwater Drainage and Adjacent Portions of the Columbia Plateau. Idaho State Historical Society, Boise, 1980.
Ames & Marshall
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Aoki
Aoki, Haruo. What Does 'Chopunnish' Mean? Idaho Yesterdays 10 (Winter 1966–67): 10–11.
AOU
American Ornithologists' Union. Check-list of North American Birds.
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[AOU] in brackets with numbers refers to a species item number in the book.
Appleman (LC)
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Atlas
Moulton, Gary E., ed. Atlas of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983.
Bailey
Bailey, L. H. Manual of Cultivated Plants.
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Bakeless (LCPD)
Bakeless, John. Lewis and Clark, Partners in Discovery. New York: William Morrow, 1947.
Beckham
Beckham, Stephen Dow. 'This Place is Romantic and Wild': An Historical Overview of the Cascades Area, Fort Cascades, and the Cascades Townsite, Washington Territory. Report to Portland District U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Heritage Research Associates Report No. 27. Eugene, 1984.
Benson (HLCE)
Benson, Keith R. Herpetology on the Lewis and Clark Expedition: 1804–1806. Herpetological Review 3 (1978): 87–91.
Benson (CUSC)
Benson, Lyman. The Cacti of the United States and Canada. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1982.
Biddle (BR)
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Brauner
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Chamberlain
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Chance & Chance
Chance, David H., and Jennifer V. Chance. Archaeology at Spaulding, 1978 and 1979. University of Idaho, Anthropological Report No. 85. Moscow, 1985.
Chatters (LCEM)
Chatters, Roy M. The Discovery of a Lewis and Clark Expedition Medal: A Personal Recollection. Bunchgrass Historian 10 (Summer 1982): 3.
Chuinard (OOMD)
Chuinard, Eldon G. Only One Man Died: The Medical Aspects of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Glendale, Calif.: Arthur H. Clark, 1979.
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Clemens & Wilby
Clemens, W. A., and G. V. Wilby. Fishes of the Pacific Coast of Canada.
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Cleveland et al.
Cleveland, Gregory, Bruce Cochran, Judith Giniger, and Hallett Hammatt. Archaeological Reconnaissance on the Mid Columbia and Lower Snake River Reservoirs for the Walla Walla District Army Corps of Engineers. Washington State University, Washington Archaeological Research Center, Project Report No. 27. Pullman, 1976
Cole
Cole, David L. Archaeological Research in the Bonneville Dam Pool. University of Oregon Museum of Natural History, Report to the National Park Service. Eugene, 1974.
Coues (HLC)
Coues, Elliott, ed. History of the Expedition under the Command of Lewis and Clark. . . . 1893.
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Cressman et al.
Cressman, Luther S., David L. Cole, Wilbur A. Davis, Thomas M. Newman, and Daniel J. Scheans. Cultural Sequences at The Dalles, Oregon: A Contribution to the Pacific Northwest Prehistory. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, n.s., 50, pt. 10 (December 1960): 1–108.
Criswell
Criswell, Elijah Harry. Lewis and Clark: Linguistic Pioneers. University of Missouri Studies, vol. 15, no. 2. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1940.
Crosby
Crosby, Alfred W. The Columbia Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing, 1972.
Curtis
Curtis, Edward S. The North American Indian. Edited by Frederick W. Hodge.
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Cutright (HLCJ)
Cutright, Paul Russell. A History of the Lewis and Clark Journals. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1976.
Cutright (LCIPM)
———. Lewis and Clark Indian Peace Medals. Bulletin of the Missouri Historical Society 24 (January 1968): 160–67.
Cutright (LCPN)
———. Lewis and Clark: Pioneering Naturalists. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1969.
Cutright (LCPP)
———. Lewis and Clark: Portraits and Portraitists. Montana, the Magazine of Western History 19 (Spring 1969): 37–53.
Daubenmire
Daubenmire, Rexford. Forest Vegetation of Northern Idaho and Adjacent Washington, and its Bearing on Concepts of Vegetation Classification. Ecological Monographs 22 (October 1952): 301–30.
Daugherty
Daugherty, Richard D. Excavations in the Ice Harbor Reservoir, 1957–1960: A Preliminary Report. Washington State University Laboratory of Anthropology, Report of Investigations No. 10. Pullman, 1961.
Dumond & Minor
Dumond, Don E., and Rick Minor. Archaeology in the John Day Reservoir, The Wildcat Canyon Site, 35-GM-9. University of Oregon Anthropological Papers No. 30. Eugene, 1983.
Duncan
Duncan, Mary Ann. Archaeological Assessment of the Proposed Horsethief Lake Interpretive Facility. University of Washington, Office of Public Archaeology, Institute for Environmental Studies, Reconnaissance Report No. 25. Seattle, 1979.
Dunnell
Dunnell, Robert C. A Note on Archaeological Sites Mentioned by Lewis and Clark in the North Bonneville Area, Washington. Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 13 (Fall 1979): 201–7.
Dunnell & Campbell
Dunnell, Robert C., and Sarah K. Campbell. History of Aboriginal Occupation of Hamilton Island, Washington. University of Washington, Department of Anthropology, Reports in Archaeology No. 4. Seattle, 1977.
Dunnell & Whitlam
Dunnell, Robert C., and Robert G. Whitlam. Test Excavations and Mitigation Plan for 45-SA-11, Skamania County, Washington. Report of the Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, to the National Park Service. Seattle, 1977.
Ewers (ILUM)
Ewers, John C. Indian Life on the Upper Missouri. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1968.
Fahey
Fahey, John. The Flathead Indians. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1974.
Fryxell & Daugherty
Fryxell, Roald, and Richard D. Daugherty. Interim Report: Archaeological Salvage in the Lower Monumental Reservoir, Washington, 1962. Washington State University Laboratory of Archaeology and Geo-chronology, Report of Investigation No. 21. Pullman, 1962.
Galm et al.
Galm, Jerry R., Glenn D. Hartmann, Ruth A. Masten, and Garry Owen Stephenson. A Cultural Resources Overview of Bonneville Power Administration's Mid-Columbia Project, Central Washington. Eastern Washington University Reports in Archaeology and History, Archaeological and Historical Services, Report No. 100–16. Cheney, 1981.
Garth
Garth, Thomas R. The Middle Columbia Cremation Complex. American Antiquity 18 (July 1952): 40–56.
Gilmore (UPI)
Gilmore, Melvin R. Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region. 1919.
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Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1977.
Glover
Glover, Richard, ed. David Thompson's Narrative, 1784–1812. Toronto: Champlain Society, 1962.
Goodspeed
Goodspeed, Thomas H. The Genus Nicotiana: Origins, Relationships, and Evolution of its Species in Light of their Distribution, Morphology, and Cytogenetics. Waltham, Mass.: Chronica Botanica, 1954.
Gunther
Gunther, Erna. Ethnobotany of Western Washington: The Knowledge and Use of Indigenous Plants by Native Americans.
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Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1973.
Hahn
Hahn, Barton E. Flora of Montana: Conifers and Monocots. Bozeman: Montana State University, 1977.
Hanson (PB)
Hanson, Charles E. The Point Blanket. The Museum of the Fur Trade Quarterly 12 (Spring 1976): 5–10.
Harris
Harris, Burton. John Colter: His Years in the Rockies. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1952.
Harwood & James
Harwood, Robert F., and Maurice T. James. Entomology in Human and Animal Health.
7th ed.
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Hitchcock et al.
Hitchcock, C. Leo, Arthur Cronquist, Marion Ownbey, and J. W. Thompson. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest.
5 vols.
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Hodge
Hodge, Frederick Webb, ed. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. 1912.
Reprint. 2 vols.
St. Clair Shores, Mich.: Scholarly Press, 1968.
Holmgren
Holmgren, Virginia C. A Glossary of Bird Names Cited by Lewis and Clark. We Proceeded On 10 (May 1984): 28–34.
Hyde (IHP)
Hyde, George E. Indians of the High Plains: From the Prehistoric Period to the Coming of the Europeans. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1959.
Jackson (LLC)
Jackson, Donald, ed. Letters of the Lewis and Clark Expedition with Related Documents, 1783–1854.
2d ed. 2 vols.
Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1978.
James
James, Thomas. Three Years Among the Indians and Mexicans. Edited by Milo M. Quaife. New York: Citadel Press, 1967.
Jefferson, Thomas. Notes on the State of Virginia. Edited by William Peden. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1955.
Jones et al.
Jones, J. Knox, Jr., David H. Armstrong, Robert S. Hoffmann, and Clyde Jones. Mammals of the Northern Great Plains. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983.
Josephy (NNP)
Josephy, Alvin M., Jr. The Naming of the Nez Perces. Montana, the Magazine of Western History 5 (Autumn 1955): 1–18.
Josephy (NP)
———. The Nez Perce Indians and the Opening of the Northwest. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965.
Kartesz & Kartesz
Kartesz, John T., and Rosemarie Kartesz. A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1980.
Küchler
Küchler, A. W. Potential Natural Vegetation of the Conterminous United States. New York: American Geographical Society, 1964.
Lee et al.
Lee, David S., Carter R. Gilbert, Charles H. Hocutt, Robert E. Jenkins, Don E. McAllister, and Jay R. Stauffer, Jr. Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes. Raleigh: North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, 1980.
Lewis (TCV)
Lewis, Albert Buell. Tribes of the Columbia Valley and the Coast of Washington and Oregon. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 1 (1906): 147–209.
Little (CIH)
Little, Elbert L., Jr. Atlas of United States Trees. Vol. 1, Conifers and Important Hardwoods. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1971.
Little (MWH)
———. Atlas of United States Trees. Vol. 3, Minor Western Hardwoods. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1976.
Lowie (IP)
Lowie, Robert H. Indians of the Plains, 1954.
Reprint.
Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1982.
Lowie (NS)
———. The Northern Shoshone. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, vol. 2, part 2. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1909.
Madsen
Madsen, Brigham D. The Bannock of Idaho. Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton Printers, 1958.
Majors (LCRM)
Majors, Harry M. Lewis and Clark Enter the Rocky Mountains. Northwest Discovery 7 (April and May 1986): 4–120.
Marshall
Marshall, Alan G. Nez Perce Social Groups, an Ecological Interpretation. Ph.D. diss., Washington State University, 1977.
Mattson
Mattson, Daniel M. Cultural Resource Investigations of the Dworshak Reservoir Project, North Fork Clearwater River, Northern Idaho. University of Idaho, Anthropological Research Manuscript Series No. 81. Moscow, 1983.
Meinig
Meinig, Donald W. The Great Columbia Plain: A Historical Geography, 1805–1910. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1968.
Minor
Minor, Rick. Archaeological Testing at 45SA16, Skamania County, Washington. Report to Portland District U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Heritage Research Associates Report No. 33. Eugene, 1984.
Minor, Toepel, & Beckham
Minor, Rick, Kathryn Anne Toepel, and Stephen Dow Beckham. An Overview of Investigations at 45SA11: Archaeological in the Columbia River Gorge. Report to Portland District U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Heritage Research Associates Report No. 39. Eugene, 1986.
Mueggler & Stewart
Mueggler, Walter F., and William L. Stewart. Grassland and Shrubland of Western Montana. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report INT-66. Ogden, Utah, 1980.
Murdock
Murdock, George Peter. Notes on the Tenino, Molala, and Paiute of Oregon. American Anthropologist, n.s., 40 (July–September 1938): 395–402.
Nance
Nance, Charles R. 45WT2: An Archaeological Site on the Lower Snake River. M.A. thesis, Washington State University, 1966.
Nelson (LMLG)
Nelson, Charles M. Archaeological Reconnaissance in the Lower Monumental and Little Goose Dam Reservoir Areas, 1964. Washington State University Laboratory of Anthropology, Report of Investigations No. 34. Pullman, 1965.
Oglesby
Oglesby, Richard Edward. Manuel Lisa and the Opening of the Missouri Fur Trade. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963.
Osborne
Osborne, Douglas. Excavations in the McNary Reservoir Basin near Umatilla, Oregon. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 166. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1957.
Osborne, Bryan, & Crabtree
Osborne, Douglas, Alan Bryan, and Robert H. Crabtree. The Sheep Island Site and the Mid-Columbia Valley. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 179, River Basin Surveys Papers No. 24, 267–306. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1961.
Osborne & Crabtree
Osborne, Douglas, and Robert H. Crabtree. Two Sites in the Upper McNary Reservoir. Tebiwa 4 (Fall 1961): 19–36.
Peebles (LT)
Pebbles, John J. On the Lolo Trail: Route and Campsites of Lewis and Clark. Idaho Yesterdays 9 (Winter 1965–66): 2–15.
Peebles (RW)
———. Rugged Waters: Trails and Campsites of Lewis and Clark in the Salmon River Country. Idaho Yesterdays 8 (Summer 1964): 2–17.
Pennak
Pennak, Robert W. Fresh-water Invertebrates of the United States. New York: Ronald Press, 1953.
Pfister et al.
Pfister, Robert D., Bernard L. Kovalchik, Stephan F. Arno, and Richard C. Presby. Forest Habitat Types of Montana. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report INT-34. Ogden, Utah, 1977.
Phebus
Phebus, George E. The Smithsonian Institution 1934 Bonneville Reservoir Salvage Archaeology Project. Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 12 (Fall 1978): 113–77.
Prucha (IPM)
Prucha, Francis Paul. Indian Peace Medals in American History. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1971.
Ray (CI)
Ray, Verne F. The Chinook Indians in the Early 1800s.
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Ray (NVCB)
———. Native Villages and Groupings of the Columbia Basin. Pacific Northwest Quarterly 27 (April 1936): 9–152.
Ray & Lurie
Ray, Verne F., and Nancy Oestreich Lurie. The Contributions of Lewis and Clark to Ethnography. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 44 (November 1954): 358–70.
Rees
Rees, John E. The Shoshoni Contribution to Lewis and Clark. Idaho Yesterdays 2 (Summer 1958): 2–13.
Rhodes
Rhodes, Richard A. Eastern Ojibwa-Chippewa-Ottawa Dictionary. Berlin: Mouton, 1985.
Rice (CSWC)
Rice, Harvey S. The Cultural Sequence at Windust Caves. M.A. thesis, Washington State University, 1965.
Rice (NAD)
———. Native American Dwellings and Attendant Structures of the Southern Plateau. Eastern Washington University Reports in Archaeology and History, Archaeological and Historical Services, Report No. 100-44. Cheney, 1985.
Rodeffer
Rodeffer, Michael J. A Classification of Burials in the Lower Snake River Region. Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 7 (Spring 1973): 101–31.
Ronda (LCAI)
Ronda, James P. Lewis and Clark among the Indians. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1984.
Ross
Ross, Alexander. Adventures of the First Settlers on the Oregon or Columbia River. Edited by Milo Milton Quaife. Chicago: R. R. Donnelly and Sons, 1923.
Ruby & Brown (CIIT)
Ruby, Robert H., and John A. Brown. The Cayuse Indians: Imperial Tribesmen of Old Oregon. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1972.
Ruby & Brown (CITC)
———. The Chinook Indians: Traders of the Lower Columbia River. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1976.
Russell (GEF)
Russell, Carl P. Guns on the Early Frontiers: A History of Firearms from Colonial Times through the Years of the Western Fur Trade. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962.
Sapir
Sapir, Edward. Preliminary Report on the Language and Mythology of the Upper Chinook. American Anthropologist, n.s., 9 (July–September 1907): 533–44.
Schalk
Schalk, Randall F., ed. Cultural Resource Investigations for the Lyons Ferry Fish Hatchery Project, near Lyons Ferry, Washington. Washington State University Laboratory of Archaeology and History, Project Report No. 8. Pullman, 1983.
Schwede
Schwede, Madge L. An Ecological Study of Nez Perce Settlement Patterns. M.A. thesis, Washington State University, 1966.
Seaman, Norma G. Indian Relics of the Pacific Northwest. Portland, Oreg.: Binfords and Mort, 1967.
Secoy
Secoy, Frank Raymond. Changing Military Patterns on the Great Plains (17th Century through Early 19th Century). Monographs of the American Ethnological Society, no. 21. Locust Valley, N.Y.: J. J. Augustin, 1953.
Shiner
Shiner, Joel L. The McNary Reservoir: A Study in Plateau Archaeology. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 179, River Basin Surveys Papers No. 23, 149–266. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1961.
Space
Space, Ralph S. The Lolo Trail: A History of Events Connected with the Lolo Trail Since Lewis and Clark. Lewiston, Idaho: Printcraft Printing, 1970.
Spier
Spier, Leslie. Tribal Distribution in Washington. General Series in Anthropology, No. 3. Menasha, Wis.: George Banta, 1936.
Spier & Sapir
Spier, Leslie, and Edward Sapir. Wishram Ethnology. University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 3, No. 3, 151–300. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1930.
Spinden
Spinden, Herbert Joseph. The Nez Percé‚ Indians. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2 (1908): 165–274.
Sprague (ABP)
Sprague, Roderick. Aboriginal Burial Practices in the Plateau Region of North America. Ph.D. diss., University of Arizona, 1967.
Sprague (PBS)
———. The Descriptive Archaeology of the Palus Burial Site, Lyons Ferry, Washington. Washington State University Laboratory of Anthropology, Report of Investigations No. 32. Pullman, 1965.
Sprague & Birkby
Sprague, Roderick, and Walter H. Birkby. Miscellaneous Columbia Plateau Burials. Tebiwa 13 (Spring 1970): 1–32.
Strong (SACR)
Strong, Emory. Stone Age on the Columbia River. Portland, Oreg.: Binfords and Mort, 1959.
Strong, Schenck, & Steward
Strong, William Duncan, W. Egbert Schenck, and Julian H. Steward. Archaeology of The Dalles-Deschutes Region. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 29, No. 1, 1–154. Berkeley, 1930.
Swanson
Swanson, Earl H., ed. Languages and Cultures of Western North America: Essays in Honor of Sven S. Liljeblad. Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton Printers, 1970.
Terrell
Terrell, John U. Traders of the Western Morning: Aboriginal Commerce in Precolumbian North America. Los Angeles: Southwest Museum, 1967.
Thompson (WC)
Thompson, Robert S. Paleoenvironmental Investigations at Seed Cave (Windust Cave H-45FR46), Franklin County, Washington. Eastern Washington University Reports in Archaeology and History, Archaeological and Historical Services, Report No. 100–41. Cheney, 1985.
Thwaites (LC)
Thwaites, Reuben Gold, ed. Original Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804–1806.
8 vols.
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Toups
Toups, Polly A. The Early Prehistory of the Clearwater Valley, North-Central Idaho. Ph.D. diss., Tulane University, 1969.
Trafzer & Scheuerman
Trafzer, Clifford E., and Richard D. Scheuerman. Renegade Tribe: The Palouse Indians and the Invasion of the Inland Pacific Northwest. Pullman: Washington State University Press, 1986.
Trenholm & Carley
Trenholm, Virginia C., and Maurine Carley. The Shoshonis: Sentinels of the Rockies. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1964.
USGS
United States Geological Survey, 30' X 60' quadrangle, 1:100,000 planimetric maps.
Walker (NPA)
Walker, Deward E., Jr. Conflict and Schism in Nez Perce Acculturation: A Study in Religion and Politics. Pullman: Washington State University Press, 1968.
Wallace
Wallace, W. Stewart, ed. Documents Relating to the North West Company. Toronto: Champlain Society, 1934.
Wheeler
Wheeler, Olin D. The Trail of Lewis and Clark, 1804–1806.
2 vols.
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1904.
Wilke et al.
Wilke, Steve, Rinita Dalan, James O. Wilde, Karen James, Robert M. Weaver, and David Harvey. Cultural Resource Overview and Survey of Select parcels in the Dalles Reservoir, Oregon and Washington. Report to the Portland District U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Geo-Recon International. Seattle, 1983.
Wolf
Wolf, James R. Lewis and Clark: Pioneers on the Continental Divide Trail. Dividends 8 (July 1987): unpaged.