Part 2: Estimate of the Western Indians

Winter 1805-1806

Lewis and Clark prepared these documents at Fort Clatsop and later, as rough equivalents of the "Estimate of the Eastern Indians" which was drawn up at Fort Mandan. However, the material here provides much less information than the earlier document, being largely confined to names, locations, and estimated numbers. The "Western Indians" are those located west of the Continental Divide, especially on the Columbia drainage and the Northwest Coast. Much of the information would have come from Indian informants, since it chiefly concerns tribes wholly unknown to whites, except for those on the coast and those met by the party on their route of travel. Some of these tribes the captains had never actually seen, and among those they had seen were many obscure bands, subdivisions of larger groups now long extinct or absorbed into others. Identification in a number of cases is problematical.

The first item is in both Lewis's and Clark's hands and is found in Codex I. Lewis's part covers the Indian tribes the party encountered from the Rocky Mountains to the coast, Clark then follows with a list of the coastal Indians to the north and south of the mouth of the Columbia River. The next item, also from Codex I and in Clark's hand, names tribes from the coastal region east toward the Rocky Mountains and appears to supplement the other list and account for additional tribes. The numbers to the side of the Indian tribal names appear to represent an attempt to bring some order to the multiple lists. This may have been done in preparation for the final estimate, called a supplement by Clark at the end of the second document; the supplement is here printed as the third item. Perhaps as a precaution to losing Codex I and as a preliminary to the supplement, a final list was made and arranged under the numbering system. This list was placed in Voorhis No. 4, clearly a compilation of the lists in Codex I, but set up under the numbering system with adjustments in tribal populations. The combined version of Voorhis No. 4 may be the one referred to on June 13, 1806, or that reference may be to the supplement. Lewis's and Clark's lists from Codex I are printed here with footnotes explaining the differences in Voorhis No. 4.

Two additional items are related to lists of Indians of this later period. Both are in Clark's hand and are loose sheets in the Voorhis Collection of the Missouri Historical Society (see Appendix C). One is titled "Indian Names" and appears to be a preliminary list of Indian tribal names but with no additional comments. Another, single sheet is titled, "A List of the Nations and tribs of Indians residing West of the Rocky Mountains &c." Clark there lists the following tribes, giving some marginal comments very similar to those in the lists below: Clat Sops, Chnnooks, Wau-ki-e-coms, Cath-lah-mahs, Skellutes, Cal-la-mah's, and Quath-lah-pottles.

[Lewis and Clark] ^[1]

Estimate of the Western Indians

	Name of Indian Nations and their Places of general residence		No of Lodges	Probable No. of Souls
1	Oote-lash-schute residing in spring & summer on the	}	33	400
	W. side of R. Mountains and winter and fall on the
	Missouri on it's waters
2	Cho-pun-nish of the Kooskooske River		220	3600
3	Cho-pun-nish of Lewis's River above the entrance of	}	80	1200
	the Kooskooske
4	Cho-pun-nish of Lewis's River below the entrance of	}	30 h. 10 t.	2300
	the Kooskooske
5	Sokulk residing on the Columbia near the entrance	}	120	2400
	of Lewis's R. ^[2]
54	Cuts-sâh-nim in the same neighbourhd and up the		60	1200
	Tapteete river
6	Chim'-nah-pum' residing at the forks of a large river	}	42	1860
	which falls into the Columbia about 15 m. above
	Lewis's R.
7	Wal-low wal-low from the entrance of Lewis's River	}	46	1000
	down the Columbia to Musselshell rappid
8	Pish-quit-pahs on the Columbia from Musselshell rap-	}	71	1600 ^[3]
	pid to the commencement of the high country
9	Wah-how-pum on the Columbia from the commence-	}	33	700
	ment of the highlands to the neighbourhood of the
	great falls
10	E-ne-shuh residing at the great falls of the Columbia	}	41	1200
11	E-che-lute residing at the upper part of the great nar-	}	21 h.	600 ^[4]
	rows of the Columbia
12	Chil-luck-kit-te-quaw next below the narrows	}	56 h	1000 ^[5]
	and extending down on the N. side of the Columbia
*	nearly to the River Labeach
14	Shah-ha-la residing at the grand rappid and extend-	}	62 h.	1300 ^[6]
	ing down to Wappetoe Island
20	Skil-lutes commencing at the wappetoe Island and	}	50 h	1500 ^[7]
	extending down to the marsey Islands Cow-e-lis-kee
	river N
21	Wack-ki-a-cums on the North Side of the Columbia	}	11 h	100 ^[8]
	opposite to the marshey Islands.
22	Cath-lâh-mâhs on the South side of the Columbia	}	9 h	200 ^[9]
	opposite the lower part of the mashey Islands.
23	Chin-nooks on the North side of the Columbia to it's	}	28 h.	400
	entrance and on Chinnook River
24	Clât-sops on the South side of the Columbia and a	}	14 h.	200
	few miles along the S. E. Coast on both sides of Point
	Adams.
25	Kil-la-mucks from the Clâtsops of the coast along the	}	50 h.	1000
	S. E. Coast many miles
39	Kil-laxt-ho-kles from the Chinnooks along the N N W.	}	8 h.	100
	Coast
39	Chiltz from the Chiltz North Westwardly along the	}	38 h.	700
	same coast
39	Cla-moi-to-mich's from the Queneelt N. Westwardly	}	12	200 ^[10]
	along the same coast
	Total			24,760

Febr. 8th 1805

Note— there are several other nations residing on the Columbia below the grand rappids and on some streams which discharge themselves into the same whose names we have learnt but have not any proper data from which to calculate ther probable number; therefor omitted

40	Potoash's reside North westerly of the S of the	}	10 h.	200
	Cla moi to mich on the Sea Coast
40	Qun-ni-ites from the potoashs North westwardly		60	1000
	along the Same Coast
40	Qui eet so from the qunaniite North westerly	}	18 h.	250
	along the Sea coast
41	Chil-lâte from the quieetso N Westerly along the	}	8 h.	150
	Same Coast
41	Co-lâst-ho-cle from the Chillate N. Westerly	}	10 h.	200
	along the same coast
41	Quin-ne-chart verry noumerous resideng from	}	—	2000
	the Calasthocle's N Westerly along the Same
	Coast and on the Slashes and Creeks off the
	Coast
40	Pailsh reside between the potoash and quineles	}	10	200
	[Qun-ni-ites?] on the Sea Cost
26	Luck-ton Tribe reside to S. E. E. of the Kil-â-	}	Indians informs us that this nation is not noumerous	200
	mox on the Sea Coast and Speak the Kil-a-mox
	Language
27	Ka-hun-kle Nation on the Same Coast to the	}	Noumerous	400
	S. S. E. & Speake or understand the Same
	Language

28	Lic-â-wis	Nation do do do	large town	800
29	Youck-cone	do do do do	large houses do	700
30	Neck-ê-to	do do do do	large Town	700
31	Ul-se-âh	do do do do	Small Town	150
32	You-itts Tribe	do do do	do do	150
33	Shi-â-stuck-kle	Nation do do do	large do	900
34	Kil-la-wats	do do do do	do	500

The following Nations resid on the Same Coast to the S. W. of the abov and Speake differant Languages.

35	1st Cook-koo-oose Nation I saw Several prisones from this na- tion with the Clatsops and Kilamox, they are much fairer than the common Indians of this quarter, and do not flatten their heads	1500
36	2 Shal-la-lah Nation are Said to be noumerous	1200
37	Luck-kar-So Nation do do do	1200
38	Han-na-kal-lal Nation do do	600
		13,000

Extent Indian information

[Clark] ^[11]

Estimate of Western Indians

	Name of Indian nations and their Places of General residence		No. of Lodges or Houses	Probable No. of Souls
	〈 Cal-la-Mak's Tribe reside on a Creek which falls	}	10	200
	into the Columbia on the North Side at the lower
	part of the Columbia vally〉
18	Quath-lah-poh-tle Nation reside on the N. Side of	}	14	300 ^[12]
	the Columbia above the enterance of Cah-wah-
	na-hi-oots river and opposit the lower point of the
	Wappatoe Island
	Clan-nar-min-a-mon on S W Side of the	}	12	280
	Wappato Island	}	12	280
	Cath-lah-cum-up's on the South Side of the	}	6	150 ^[13]
	Columbia opposit Wappato Isd.	}	6	150 ^[13]
	Clan-in-na-tas on Wappato Island above the	}	5	100 ^[14]
	Cathlahcumups on S. Side	}	5	100 ^[14]
19	Cath-lah-nah-quiah on Wappato Island above the	}	6	150 ^[15]
	Chaninnatas on the S. Side	}	6	150 ^[15]
19	Clack-Star Nation on a Small river which falls in on	}	20	350 ^[16]
	the South Side of Wappeto Island	}	20	350 ^[16]
19	Cath-lah com-mah-tup on the main Shore South of	}	3	70 ^[17]
	the Wappato Island	}	3	70 ^[17]
17	Ne-mal-quin-ner Tribe reside on the Multnomah	}	4	100 ^[18]
	river on the N E Side above the wappato Island	}	4	100 ^[18]
17	Mult-no-mah Nation imediately below the enterance	}	6	200 ^[19]
	of the Multnomah river into the Columbia on
	Wappato Island and on S. Side of Columbia
17	Clan-nah-queh Tribe on Multnomahs on the S. Side	}	4	130
	of Columbia or on Wappato island a fiew miles
	below the Multnomah
16	Shotos Nation on the N. Side of the Columbia back	}	8	160 ^[20]
	of a pond and nearly opposit to the Clan nah quihs
	½ me. from R.
14	Ne-er-cho-ki-oo tribe on the S. Side of the Columbia	}	2	40 ^[21]
	above the Multnomah river this is a tribe of the
	Sha-a-lah Nation
15th	Ne-cha-co-kee Nation on the S. Side of the Columbia	}	large
	opposit to the Dimond Isld.	}	large
			1	100
			101	〈2330〉
41	Clark-a-mus Nation noums. reside on a river of	}	Houses	800 ^[22]
	the Same name which heads in Mt. Jefferson and
	falls into the Multnomah on its N E Side about
	40 miles up it
42	Cush-hooks on the N. E. Side of the Multnomah	}	do	250 ^[23]
	imediately below the falls 60 ms. up.	}	do	250 ^[23]
43	Char-cow-ah N. on the S. W. Side of the Multnomah	}	do	200
	imediately above the falls of that river	}	do	200
44	Cal-lah-po-e-wahs Nation very noumerous and	}		2000
	inhabid the Country on both Sides of the
	Multnomah above the Charcowah's
52	Skâd-dâts Nation reside on the Catteract river	}		200
	about 25 miles North of the Falls of the
	Columbia live by hunting
52	Squân-nar-oos tribe on the Catteract river			120
52	Shal-lât'tos do on the Catteract river			100
53	Shan-wap-poms N. on do and Tap-teut Riv			400
			Soles	6400
	〈 To-war-nâh-hi-ooks or Snake Indians reside on a	}		1000
	river high up the Same name which discharges
	itself into the Columbia imediately above the falls〉
				7200
48	Wil-le-let-po Nation reside North of the S W.	}		250
	mountains on the heads of We-au-cum river which
	discharges itself into Lewis's river on the S W Side
	above Kooskooske river
49	Wil-le-wah's on a river of the Same name which	}		500
	discharges itself into Lewis's river above
	Kooskooske on the S. W. and on the Lower Side of
	that river
50	Sho-Sho-ne's on the South fork of Lewis's river as	}		3000
	high up as the falls of that river, and on the Nemo,
	Watshlem, Shallett, Shust pellanimmo, She-com-
	shink, Timmooenumlarwas & the Cop coppahark
	rivers branches of the Said South Branch of
	Lewis's river
51	Sho-Sho ne's of the East branch of Lewis's river near	}	60	800
	the head of Jeffersons river in the mountains	}	60	800
46	Sho-bar-boo-be-er a band of Shoshonies or Snake	}		1000 ^[24]
	Indians reside on the S W Side of the Multnomah
	river high up the Said river
45	Sho-Sho-nes or Snake Indians resideing in winter	}		3000
	and fall on the Multnomah river Southwardly of
	the S W. mounts. and in Spring and Summer on
	the heads of Wallar wallar, youmatolam, R. LaPage
	and the To-war-ne-hi ooks rivers and at the falls of
	the latter for the purpose of fishing for the Salmon
	on those river &c. not known
				8550
47	Sho-Sho-nes on the Multnomah and its waters the	}		6000
	residence of whome is not particularly known	}		6000
57	Whe-el-po Nation on both Side of Clarks river of	}		2500
	the great falls and down to the enterance of
	Lastaro river
58	Hi-high-e-nim-mo from the forks to the enterance	}		800 ^[25]
	of the Lastaro river on both Sides	}		800 ^[25]
59	Lar-ti-e-lo's at the falls of the Las-taro R. below the	}		600
	great Lake Waytom on both Sides of the Said river	}		600
60	Sket-so-mish's on a river of the Same name which	}		2000
	falls into Las-taro River below the falls of that river
	around Waytom Lake and on 2 Islands in Lake
61	Mick-suck-seal-toms Tribe on Clarks River above the	}		300
	falls of that river	}		300
61	Ho-hil-po's Tribe on Clarks river above the	}		300
	Micksuckscaltoms abve falls	}		300
61	Tus kip âh Nation or Tush-she-pâh a Northerly	}		430
	branch of Clarks river and on Clarks river
	occasionally. Sometimes pass over to the Missouri
	to kill Buffalow
61 ^[26]	Oat-lash-schute tribe as mentioned on the other side	}		—
	of the next leaf a part of the Tush he pah Nation
	includes the Tush-she-pah Ho-hil-po's & Misk-Suck-
	Seal-tom Tribes all of them rove on Clark's river
	and occasionally cross over to the Missouri for the
	purpose of makeing robes and dried meat &c.
55	La-hân-na Nation reside on both sides of Columbia	}		2000
	above Clarks river and as far up the Columbia as is
	known by the Chopunnish & other nations which
	we have Seen on the Columbian waters
56	Coos-pel-lars Nation reside on a large fork of the	}		600 ^[27]
	Columbia which discharges itself into that river on
	it's East Side above the enterance of Clarks river,
	and heads with the waters of Hudsons bay
13*	Smack-shop Nation reside on the Columbia either	}		800
	Side below the Chil luck kit quaw nation and
	extending down to near the grand rapids
				16,330

The estimate of the Nations and tribes West of the Rocky Mountains may be Seen More Correctly States in a Supplement accompanying these Books WC 80,000 Soles ^[28]

69,040

[Clark] ^[29]

Estimate of Western Indians

	Names of Indian Nations and their places of General Residence		No of Houses or Lodges	Probable No. of Souls
1	Sho-sho-ne Nation reside in Spring and Summer on	}	60	800
	the East fork of Lewis's river a branch of the
	Columbia, and winter and fall on the Missouri
2	Oate-lash-schute Tribe of the Tush-she-pah Nation	}	33	400
	reside in Spring and Summer in the Rocky
	Mountains on Clarks river, and winter and fall
	on the Missouri and its waters
3	Choppunnish Nation residing on the Kooskooske	}	large Lodges	2,000
	river below the forks and on Colters Creek &c. and
	who Sometimes pass over to the Missouri
4	Pel-lote-pal-lah [X: Pel-loat-pal-lah ] Band of	}	do	1,600
	Chopunnish reside on the Kooskooske above the
	forks and on the Small Streams which fall into that
	river west of the rocky mountains, & chopunnish
	river and Sometimes pass over to the Missouri
5	Ki-moo-e-nim Band of Chopunnish N. reside on	}	do	800
	Lewis'es river above the enterance of the
	Kooskooske as high up that river as the forks
6	Y-e-let po Band of Choponish ^[30] reside under the	}	do	250
	S W. Mountains on a Small river which falls into
	Lewis's river above the entrance of the Kooskooke
	which they call we-are-cum
7	Wil-le-wah Band Choponish ^[31] on a river of the same	}	do	500
	name which discharges itself into Lewis's river on
	the S W Side below the forks of that river
8.	So-yen-now Band (of Choponiesh[)] on the N Side	}	do	400
	of the E fork of Lewis's river from it's junction to
	the rocky mountains and on La-mal-tar Creek
9	Chopunnish of Lewis's river below the entrance of	}	h Ld 30 10	2,300
	Kooskooske on either Side of that river to it's
	junction with the Columbia
10.	Sokulk Nation reside on the Columbia above the	}	120	2,400
	entrance of Lewis's river as high up as the
	enterance of Clarks river
11	Chim-nah-pum on the N W side of the Columbia	}	42	1,860
	both above and below the enterance of Lewis's
	river and on the Tapteel R which falls into the
	Columbia 15 M. above Lewis's R.
[12?]	Wal-low-wallow Nation on both Sides of the	}	46	1,600
	Columbia from the enterance of Lewis's river as
	low as the Muscle shell rapid and in winter pass
	over to the waters of the Tapteel river
13	Pish-quit-pah's Nation reside from the Muscle rapid	}	71	2600
	& on the the N. side of the Columbia to the
	Commencement of the high Country this
	N. winter on the waters of the Tapteel river
14	Wah-how-pum Nation reside on the N. bank of	}	33	700
	th Columbia in different Bands from the
	pishquitpahs as low as River Lapage the differt.
	bands of the nation winter on the waters of
	Tapteel & Columbia Rvs.
15.	E-ne-chur Nation reside at the Great falls of	}	41	1,200
	Columbia on either Side are Stationary	}	41	1,200
16.	E-shel-lute Nation reside at the upper part of the	}	h 21	1,000
	Great Narrows of Columbia on the N. Side (is the
	great mart for all the Country)
17	Chil-luck-kit-te-quaw N. residing next below the	}	h 32	1,400
	narrows and extending down on the N. Side of the
	Columbia to River Labeech
18	Smock-Shop Nation Band of Chil luck kit-te quaw ^[32]	}	24	800
	reside on the Columbia on each Side from the
	Enterance of River Labiech to the neighbourhood
	of the Great Rapids of that river
				22,610 ^[33]
[19?]	Sha-ha-la Nation reside at the Grand rapids of the	}	62	2800
	Columbia and extend down in different Villages
	as low as the Multnomah river Consisting of
	the following tribes viz: y-e-huh above the rapids,
	〈Wah-clel-lah〉 Clah-clel-lah below the rapid, the
	〈Chah-hal lah〉 Wah-clel-lah below all the rapids
	and the Ne-er-cho-ki-oo 1 House 100 sole on the
	S. side a few miles above the Multnomah R.
20	Wap-pa-to Indians ^[34]	}	1	100
	Ne-cha-co-kee Tribe reside on the S. Side of the
	Columbia a fiew miles below quick Sand river &
	opposit the dimond Island— (remains)—
	Shoto Tribe resides on the N. Side of the Columbia	}	8	460
	back of a pond and nearly opposit the enterance of
	the multnomah river
	Mult-no-mah Tribe reside on Wap-pa-tow Island in	}	6	800
	the Mouth of the Multnomah, the remains of a
	large nation
	Clan-nah-quehs Tribe of Multnomah's on Wappato
	Island below the Multnomars		4	130
	Ne-mal-quin-ner's a Tribe of Multnom's reside on
	the N E Side of the Multnomah River 2 ms. above		4	200
	its mouth
	Cath-lah-com-mah-tup's a Tribe of Multnoms South		3	170
	Side of the Wappato Island on a slew of the Miltnr
	Cath-lah-nah-qui-ah's Tribe of Multnomies reside on		6	400
	the S W. side of Wappato Island
	Clark Star N. resides on a Small river which	}	28	1,200
	discharges itself on the S W. Side of Wappato
	Island
	Clan-in-na-ta's resides on the S W. Side of Wappato		5	200
	Island
	Cath-lah-cum-ups on the main Shore South West of		6	450
	Wappato Island
	Clan-nar-min-na-mun's on the S. W. side of the		12	280
	Wappato Island
	Quath-lah-poh-tle's N. reside on the S W. of the	}	14	900
	Columbia above the Enterance of Cah-wah-na-
	hi-ooks river opposit the Low pt. of Wappato Isd.
	Cal-la-maks reside on a creek which falls into the	}	10	200
	Columbia on the N. Side at the lower part of the
	Columbia Valley N. Side
21	Skil-lute Nation resides on the Columbia on each	}	50	2500
	Sides in different Villages from the lower part of
	the Columbian Vally as low as the Sturgeon Island
	and on either Side of the Coweliskee River
	Hull-loo-et-tell on the Cow e lis kee 〈above〉 ^[35]
22	Wack-ki-a-cums reside on the N. Side of the		11	200
	Columbia opposite the Marshey Islands
23	Cath-lâh-mâhs reside on the S. Side of the Columbia		9	300
	opposite to the Seal Islands
24	Chin-nook's reside on the N. side of the Columbia to		28	400
	its enterance & on Chinnook river
25	Clât Sops N. reside on the S. Side of the Columbia	}	14	200
	and a few miles along the S. E. coast on both Sides
	of point Adams
26	Kil-la-mucks N. from the Clât sops of the coast		50	1,000
	along the S. E. coast for many ms.
27	Indian information those Nations Speak the Kil-a-
	mucks Lg: ^[36]
	Luck-tons reside on the sea coast to the S. S E. of
	the Kil-la-mucks 〈and speak their Lagg.〉		houses	200
	Ka-hun-kle's do do do S. S E of the Luck-tons		—	400
	Lick-a-wis do do do the S. S E large town		—	800
	Yorick-cone's do do do do do houses		—	700
	Neck-ê-to's do do do do large town		—	700
	Ul-se-âh's do do do do Small town		—	150
	You-ilts do do do do do		—	150
	She-a-stuck-kle's do do do do large town		—	900
	Kil-la-wats do do do do do		—	500
				39,140 ^[37]
28.	Indian information ^[38] reside to the South of the
	Killamox & Speak Dift Language
	Cook-koo-oose Nation reside on the Sea Coast to the
	South of the Kil-la-wats		hous	1500
	Shal-la-lah Nation on the Same Course to the		—	1,200
	South
	Luck-kar-So Nation on the Same Course to the		—	1200
	South &c
	Han-na-kal-lal Nation on the Same Course to the		—	600
	South &c
29.	Information of different Indians ^[39] on the N W
	Coast
	Kil-laxt-ho-kle's T. on the Sea coast from the		[8?]	100
	Chinooks to the N N W.
	Chiltz N. from the Killaxthokles along the N N. W		38	700
	Coast
	Cla-moc-to-mich's from the chiltz along the N N W.		12	260
	Coast
	Potoash's reside on the Same Coast N Westwarly of		10	200
	the Clamochokle
	Pailsh T. reside from the potash on the N W. coast		10	200
	&c
	Qui-ni-ilt's from the pailsh along the N W Coast &c		60	1,000
	Qui-eet-so's from the quilniilts along the N W. Coast		18	250
	&c
	Chil-lâte's from the quieettso along the N W. coast		8	150
	&c
	Ca-last-ho-cle from the Chillâte N W. allong the		10	200
	Same Coast
	Quin-ne-chart N. reside on the Sea Coast & Creeks		—	2,000
	N. & N W. of the Calasthocles
30	Clark-a-mus Nation reside on a large river of the	}	Houses	1,800
	Same mame which heads in Mt. Jefferson and
	discharges itself into the Multnomah 40 m. up that
	river on its N. E. Side. this N. has Several villages
	on either Side
31	Cush-hooks N reside on the N E. bank of the	}	do	650
	Multnomah imediately below the falls of that river
	about 60 m. above its enterance into the Colm.
32	Char-cow-ah N. reside on the S W. bank of the	}	do	200
	Multnomah imediately above the falls and take the
	Salmon in that river
33	Cal-lah-po-e-wah Nation inhabit the Country on	}	—	2,000
	both Sides of the Multnomah above the
	Charcowahs for great extent
34	Sho-Sho-ne (or Snake indians) residing in winter	}	—	3,000
	and fall on the Multnomah river Southerly of the
	S. W. mountains, and in Spring and Summer on
	the heads of the To-war-ne hi ooks, La Page, You-
	ma-tol-am, and Wal-lar-wal-lar rivers, and more
	abundantly at the falls of the Towarnehiooks, for
	the purpose of fishing
35	Sho-Sho-ne's on the Multnomah and its waters, the	}	—	6,000
	residence of them is not well known to us, or Inds.
	of the Columbia Say abt.
36	Sho-bar-boo-be-er Band of Shoshones reside on the S	}	—	1,600
	W Side of the Multnomah river, high up the Said
	river
37	Sho-Sho-ne's resideing on the S. fork of Lewis's river	}	—	3,000
	and on the Nemo, Walshlemo, Shal-lett, Shushpel-
	lanimmo, She com skink, Timmoonumlarwas, and
	the Cop cop pahark rivers branches of the South
	fork of Lewises river
[38?]	We saw parts of those Tribes at the long narrows ^[40]		—	200
	Skâd-dâts N. reside on Cattaract river 25 m. N. of the
	big narrow. live by Hunting ^[41] hunt deer &.
	Squân-nar-oos do do below the Skaddats		—	120
	Skal-lât-tos do do above do		—	100
	Shan-wap-pom's reside on the heads of Catteract river & Tapteel river			400
				67710 ^[42]
39	Cuts-sâh-nim Nation reside on both Sides of the	}	60	1,200
	Columbia Above the Sokulks & on the Northerly
	branches of the tapteel river and also on the
	Wah-na-a-chee ^[43] river
	La-hân-na Nation reside on both Sides of the	}	120	2,000
	Columbia above the enterance of Clarks river	}	120	2,000
	Coos-pel-lar's Nation reside on a river which falls	}	30	1600
	into the Columbia to the N. of Clarks river	}	30	1600
	Whe-le-po Nation reside on both Sides of Clarks	}	130	2,500
	river from the enterance of the Lastaw to the
	Great falls of Clarks R
	Hi-high-e-nim-mo Nation from the enterance of the	}	45	1300
	Lastaw into Clarks river on both Sides of the
	Lestaw as high as the forks
	Lar-ti-e-lo's Nation at the Falls of the Lastaw river	}	30	600
	below the great Waytom Lake, on both Sides of the
	river
	Skeet-so-mish Nation resides on a Small river of the	}	120	2,000
	Same name which discharges itself into the Lastaw
	below the falls around the Wayton Lake and on
	two islands within the Said Lake
	Mick-suck-seal-tom Tribe of the Tushshepah reside on	}	25	300
	Clark river above the great falls of that river, in the
	rocky Mounts.
	Ho-hil-pos a tribe of do. on Clarks river above the	}	25	300
	Micksuck-seal-toms in the Rocky mountains	}	25	300
	Tush-She-pah's Nation reside on a N. fork of Clarks	}	35	430
	river and rove on Clarks river in Spring and
	Summer and the fall and winter on the Mis-
	souri. The Oat-lash-shut is a band of this nation
				80,000

West of the Rocky Mountains is 80,000 ^[44] Sol

IDENTIFICATION OF WESTERN INDIANS ^[45]

	Lewis and Clark's Name	Modern Name
1.	Sho-sho-ne	Shoshones
2.	Oate-lash-schute or Tush-she-pah	Flatheads or Salish
3.	Chopunnish	Nez Perces
4.	Pel-lote-pal-lah	Nez Perces
5.	Ki-moo-e-nim	Nez Perces
6.	Y-e-let po [Wil-le-let-po]	Cayuses
7.	Wil-le-wah	Nez Perces?
8.	So-yen-now	Palouses?
9.	Chopunnish	Nez Perces and Palouses
10.	Sokulk	Wanapams
11.	Chim-nah-pum	Yakimas
12.	Wal-low-wal-low	Walulas or Walla Wallas
13.	Pish-quit-pah's	Yakimas
14.	Wah-how-pum	Teninos
15.	E-ne-chur	Teninos
16.	E-skel-lute	Wishram-Wascos
17.	Chil-luck-kit-te-quaw	Wishram-Wascos
18.	Smock-Shop	Wishram-Wascos
19.	Sha-ha-la	Watlala Chinookans
	Y-e-huh	Watlala Chinookans
	Clah-clel-lah	Watlala Chinookans
	Wah-clel-lah	Watlala Chinookans
	Ne-er-cho-ki-oo	Watlala Chinookans
20.	Wap pa to Indians	Chinookans of Sauvie Island
	Ne-cha-co-kee	Chinookans
	Shoto	Chinookans
	Mult-no-mah	Chinookans
	Clan-nah-queh's	Chinookans
	Ne-mal-quin-ner's	Chinookans
	Cath-lah-com-mah-tups	Chinookans
	Cath-lah-nah-qui-ah's	Chinookans
	Clack Star	Chinookans
	Clan-in-na-ta's	Chinookans
	Cath-lah-cum-ups	Chinookans
	Clan-nar-min-na-mun's	Katlaminimin Chinookans
	Quath-lah-poh-tle's	Cathlapotle Chinookans
	Cal-la-maks	Chinookans; perhaps Tillamooks
21.	Skil-lute	Watlala Chinookans
	Hull-loo-et-tell	Watlala Chinookans
22.	Wack-ki-a-cums	Wahkiakums
23.	Cath-lâh-mâhs	Cathlamets
24.	Chin-nook's	Chinooks
25.	Clât-sop's	Clatsops
26.	Kil-la-mucks	Tillamooks
27.	Kil-a-mucks language	Salishan language
	Luck-tons	Salishans; perhaps Nestuccas
	Ka-hun-kle's	Salishans
	Lick-a-wis	Yaquinas
	Yorick-cone's	Yaquinas
	Neck-ê-to's	Alseas
	Ul-se-âh's	Alseas
	You-ilts	Yahaches (Alseas)
	She-a-stuck-kle's	Siuslaws
	Kil-la-wats	Lower Umpquas
28.	South of Killamox
	Cook-koo-oose	Coos
	Shal-la-lah	Nasomahs (Coquilles?)
	Luck-kar-So	Tututnis
	Han-na-kal-lal	Tututnis?
29.	On the N. W. Coast
	Kil-laxt-ho-kle's	Athapascan Kwalhiokwas?
	Chiltz	Chehalis
	Cla-moc-to-mick's	Chinookans
	Potoash's	Salishans
	Pailsh	Copalis Salishans
	Qui-ni-ilt's	Quinaults
	Qui-eet-so's	Queets
	Chil-lâte's	Quileutes
	Ca-last-ho-cle	Hohs?
	Quin-ne-chart	Makahs
30.	Clark-a-mus	Clackamas Chinookans
31.	Cush-hooks	Clowwewalla Chinookans
32.	Char-cow-ah	Clowwewalla Chinookans
33.	Cal-lah-po-e-wah	Calapooyas
34.	Sho-sho-ne . . . on the Multnomah river	Northern Paiutes?
35.	Sho-sho-ne's on the Multnomah	Northern Paiutes?
36.	Sho-bar-boo-be-er	Mono-Paviotso division of Shoshones
37.	Sho-sho-ne's . . . on the S. fork of Lewis's river	Shoshones
38.	At the long narrows
	Skâddâts	Pisquows or Kittitas
	Squân-nar-oos	Pisquows or Kittitas
	Shal-lât-tos	Pisquows or Kittitas
	Shan-wap-pom's	Pisquows or Kittitas
39.	Cuts-sâh-nim	Yakimas
	La-han-na	Pend d'Oreilles?
	Coos-pel-lar's	Kalispels
	Whe-el-po	Colvilles
	Hi-high-e-nim-mo	Sanpoils or Spokanes
	Lar-ti-e-to's	Spokanes
	Skeet-so-mish	Skitswishes or Coeur d'Alenes
	Mick-suck-seal-tom	Flatheads or Salish?
	Ho-hil-pos	Flatheads or Salish
	Tush-she-pah's	Flatheads or Salish

1. This first estimate is from Codex I, pp. 147–49, reading backwards. See also the note at January 29, 1806, for how this material fits into Codex I. Lewis wrote the first part (pp. 148–49) through the "Note," then Clark completed the list (p. 147) from the Potoash to the Han-na-kal-lal. The numbers to the side may represent a later addition in order to arrange the tribes for the final list, here printed as the last document in this part. There is a red vertical line running through these three pages. (back)

2. Voorhis No. 4 adds "and up the [Taptarle?] River." (back)

3. Voorhis No. 4 has "91" lodges, and "2600" people. (back)

4. Voorhis No. 4 has "20" and "1000." (back)

5. Voorhis No. 4 has "1400." The asterisk at this entry probably relates to the one at the end of Clark's entry for the "Smack-shop Nation," which is listed as number 13. (back)

6. Voorhis No. 4 has "1800." (back)

7. Voorhis No. 4 has "2500." To this side of this entry is a symbol that resembles a circle with a cross through it; its purpose is unknown. "Cow-e-lis-kee river" appears to be a substitution for erasures. (back)

8. Voorhis No. 4 has "200." (back)

9. Voorhis No. 4 has "300." (back)

10. Voorhis No. 4 has "260." (back)

11. This item in Clark's hand is from Codex I, pp. 150–51, 153–55, reading backwards; it is interrupted by a map of the Cape Disappointment area (fig. 1). The numbering system is continued from the previous document (see note there) and the list itself appears to name additional tribes not accounted for on the previous list. Again red vertical lines run through these pages. (back)

12. Voorhis No. 4 gives it as "900." (back)

13. Voorhis No. 4 gives it as "450." (back)

14. Voorhis No. 4 gives it as "200." (back)

15. Voorhis No. 4 gives it as "400." (back)

16. Voorhis No. 4 gives it as "28" and "1200." (back)

17. Voorhis No. 4 gives it as "170." (back)

18. Voorhis No. 4 gives it as "200." (back)

19. Voorhis No. 4 gives it as "800." (back)

20. Voorhis No. 4 gives it as "460." (back)

21. Voorhis No. 4 gives it as "140." (back)

22. Voorhis No. 4 gives it as "1800." (back)

23. Voorhis No. 4 gives it as "650." (back)

24. Voorhis No. 4 gives it as "1600." (back)

25. Voorhis No. 4 gives it as "1300." (back)

26. To the side of this entry Clark has written, "See next sheet." The reference is to p. 149 of Codex I, the "next sheet" reading backward from here on p. 151. See the first entry in the previous document here. (back)

27. Voorhis No. 4 gives it as "1600." (back)

28. This paragraph is written in red ink. The supplement is the next document as printed here. The "80,000" represents the total given in the next document. (back)

29. This table is from a separate document at the American Philosophical Society and called a "Supplement" by Clark in the previous document. It is in Clark's hand and written on four sheets of letter paper together with a map of Bonhomme Island ; the map appears in volume 8 of this edition. (See also Appendix C.) This table probably postdates the Fort Clatsop period and may have been made as late as June 1806, or even later. Lewis on June 13, 1806, wrote, "we made a digest of the Indian Nations West of the Rocky Mountains which we have seen and of whom we have been repeated[ly] been informed by those with whom we were conversent." That digest may be this supplement or it may be the list in Voorhis No. 4, which is a compilation of the lists in Codex I. If the map of Bonhomme Island in present Bon Homme County, South Dakota, and Knox County, Nebraska, relates to the timing of the supplement then it could have been written as late as September 1, 1806, when they passed the island. The former date is more plausible. It is placed here because of its close association with the Fort Clatsop lists of western Indian tribes. There are small check marks next to many of the numbers that list the tribes. Following the list of tribes, on the final sheet are these figures (the longer set struck out and difficult to read):

12230		〈22010
29520		??140
41750		?1770
		29520〉

(back)

30. The words "of Choponish" are an interlineation in red. (back)

31. "Choponish" is an interlineation written in red. (back)

32. "Band of Chil luck kit-te quaw" is an interlineation in red. (back)

33. This subtotal is given in red. (back)

34. This subheading is in the left margin of the document, outside a brace enclosing all the tribes under the number 20. (back)

35. Above this line in red is the number "32,890," perhaps a subtotal to this point. One word follows the deleted word "above" but is not legible. (back)

36. Another marginal subheading, including all the tribes under number 27. (back)

37. This subtotal is given in red. (back)

38. Another marginal subheading, including all the tribes under number 28. The remainder of the sentence is in red. (back)

39. Another marginal subheading, including all the tribes under number 29. The remainder of the sentence is in red. (back)

40. Another marginal subheading, including all the tribes under number 38. (back)

41. The words "live by Hunting" are in red. (back)

42. This subtotal is written in red. (back)

43. This word appears to be an addition to a blank space and written by Lewis. (back)

44. The number "80,000" is given in red. (back)

45. Modern and exact identification of many of these Indian groups is impossible because these people had often disappeared or had been absorbed into other tribes by the time systematic investigation of the native peoples of the area was undertaken. Many of them may have been only distant bands or small village units of larger cultural groupings and the explorers, moving quickly through the area, were not able to make the subtle distinctions and associations that would provide positive identification today. Moreover, many of these people were never seen by Lewis and Clark and their existence was based solely on Indian information, which may have been garbled. In fact, some groups may never have existed as separate or actual units. In some instances Lewis and Clark were the first and the last to note a band, village, or tribe. Later writers took the captains at their word and simply used the explorer's terminology to identify the Indians, putting us back to where we began. We have tried to correct this circle of confusion by identifying Lewis and Clark's more obscure western Indians by linguistic, geographic, and cultural relations where possible, "Chinookan" being a frequent designation. Some of the groups, particularly the more dominant ones, were discussed in the captains' daily entries and are identified in notes at those points, along with their certain identification here. Readers may wish to turn to those entries to obtain more complete information. For identification we have relied on such entry notes and on sources and consultants listed in the present volume. (back)

Date: Winter 1805-1806
Author(s): Clark, William | Lewis, Meriwether | Unknown
TEI XML: lc.jrn.1805-1806.winter.part2.xml

Journals of the Lewis & Clark Expedition