January 1, 1806
[Lewis]
January 1st Tuesday. [Wednesday] [1]
This morning I was awoke at an early hour by the discharge of a volley of small arms, which were fired by our party in front of our quarters to usher in the new year; this was the only mark of rispect which we had it in our power to pay this celebrated day. our repast of this day tho' better than that of Christmass, consisted principally in the anticipation of the 1st day of January 1807, when in the bosom of our friends we hope to participate in the mirth and hilarity of the day, and when the zest given by the recollection of the present, we shall completely, both mentally and corporally, enjoy the repast which the hand of civilization has prepared for us. at present we were content with eating our boiled Elk and wappetoe, and solacing our thirst with our only beverage pure water. two of our hunters who set out this morning reterned in the evening having killed two bucks elk; they presented Capt. Clark and myself each a marrow-bone and tonge, 〈each〉 on which we suped. visited today by a few of the Clotsops who brought some roots and burries for the purpose of trading with us. we were uneasy with rispect to two of our men, Willard and Wiser, who were dispatched on the 28th ulto. with the saltmakers, and were directed to return immediately; their not having returned induces us to believe it probable that they have missed their way.— our fourtification being now completed we issued an order for the more exact and uniform dicipline and government of the garrison. (see orderly book 1st January 1806).—
January 1, 1806, Codex J, p. 1
[Clark]
This morning proved cloudy with moderate rain, after a pleasent worm night during which there fell but little rain— This morning at Day we wer Saluted from the party without, wishing us a "Hapy new year" a Shout and discharge of their arms— no Indians to be Seen this morning— they left the place of their encampment dureing the last night— The work of our houses and fort being now Complete, we Ishued an order in which we pointed out the rules & regulations for the government of the Party in respect to the Indians as also for the Safty and protection of our Selves &c.
two Clotsops Came with a mat and Some fiew roots of Cut wha mo, for which they asked a file they did not trade but Continued all night
Sent out 2 hunters this morning who returned, haveing killed 2 Elk about 3 miles distant, Some fiew Showers or rain in the Course of this day. Cloudy all the day.
[Clark]
Wednesday the 1st of January
This morning I was awoke at an early our by the discharge of a Volley of Small arms, which were fired by our party in front of our quarters to usher in the new year, this was the only mark of respect which we had it in our power to pay this Selibrated day. our repast of this day tho' better than that of Christmas Consisted principally in the anticipation of the 1st day of January 1807, when in the bosom of our friends we hope to participate in the mirth and hilarity of the day, and when with the relish given by the recollection of the present, we Shall Completely, both mentally and Corparally, the repast which the hand of Civilization has produced for us. at present we were Content with eating our boiled Elk and Wap-pato, and Solacing our thirst with our only beverage pure water. two of our hunters who Set out this morning returned in the evening haveing killed two Bucks Elks; they presented Capt. Lewis and my Self each a marrow bone and tongue on which we Suped— we are visited to day by a fiew of the Clatsops by water they brought some roots and berries for the purpose of tradeing with us. our fortification being now Complete we issue an order for the more exact and uniform dicipline and government of the garrison. (See orderly book Jany 2d 1806) [3]
[Clark]
A List of the Tribes near the mouth of the Columbia river as given by the Indians, the Places they reside, the names of the Tribes and principal Chiefs of each all of which speak the same language [5]
1st Clot-sop Tribe in Several Small villages on the Sea Cost to the S. E. of the Mouth & on the S. E. bank of the Columbia river—not noumerous
| 1st Chief | Con-ni a Co-mo-wool |
| 2 do | Sha-no-ma |
| 3 do | War-ho-lote |
2nd Chin-nook Tribe reside opposit on the N. W. Side & in Small villages & Single houses made of Split boards on a Creek of Haleys bay, and on Small lakes or ponds, at no great distance from the river or bay. Tolerably noumerous—so said
☞ Chinnook
| 1st Chief is | Stock-home |
| 2d do | Com-com-mo-ley |
| 3 do | Shi-lar-la-wit |
| 4 do | Nor-car-te |
| 5 do | Chin-ni-ni |
3rd Chiltch Tribe reside 〈on〉 near the sea Coast & north of the Chinnooks live in houses and is said to be noumerous Speak same Language
| 1st Chief | Mar-lock-ke |
| 2d do | Col-chote |
| 3rd do | Ci-in-twar |
4th Ca-la-mox Tribe reside on the Sea coast to the S. E of the Columbia River and on a Small river, [6] and as I am informed by the Clot-sops inhabit 10 Villages 6 of them on the ocian & 4 on the Little river, those Ca-la-mmox are said not to be noumerous Speake the Clotsop language
| 1st Chief | O-co-no |
5th Calt-har-mar Tribe reside in one village of large Houses built of Split boards and neetly made, on the S. E. Side of the Columbia River, behind a Island in a Deep bend of the River to the S. E. they are not noumerous, and live as the others do on fish, black roots Lickuerish berries, and Wap-pe-to roots, and is as low as those Wapeto roots grow, which is about 15 miles on a Direct line from the Sea.
| 1st Chief Clan-nah queh at war against the |
| Snake Inds. to the S of the falls |
| 2d do Cul-te-ell |
| 3 do [blank] at war Do. |
6th Clan-nah queh Nation [7] This nation reside on [blank] Side of the Columbia River in [blank] villages above about [blank] and are 〈said to be〉 noumerous they latterly 〈resided〉 floged the Chinnooks, and are a Dasterly Set
| 1st and Great Chief | Qui oo |
7th 〈Scum as qua up〉 War-ci-a-cum Tribe reside on the N W. Side of the Columbia in the great bend behind Some Islands this tribe is not noumerous reside in 2 village of Houses
| The Chief | Scum ar-qua-up |
[Clark]
A List of the names of Sundery persons, who visit this part of the Coast for the purpose of trade &c. &c. in large Vestles; all of which Speake the English language &c.—as the Indians inform us
| Moore [9] |
☞ Visit them in a large 4 masted Ship, they expect him in 2 moons to trade.— |
| 1 Eyd. Skellie | ☞ in a large Shit, long time gorn.— |
| Youin [10] |
☞ In a large Ship, and they expect him in 1 moon to trade with them.— |
| Swepeton |
☞ In a large Ship, and they expect him in 3 month back to trade— |
| Mackey [11] |
☞ In a Ship, they expect him back in 1 or 2 moons to trade with them.— |
| Meship [12] | ☞ In a Ship, the[y] expect him 2 moons to trade.— |
| Jackson |
☞ Visit them in a Ship and they expect him back in 3 months to trade.— |
| Balch [13] |
☞ In a Ship and they expect him in 3 months to trade.— |
| Mr. Haley [14] | Visits them in a Ship & they expect him back to trade with them in 3 moons to trade— he is the favourite of the Indians (from the number of Presents he givs) and has the trade principaly with all the tribes.— |
| Washilton [15] | In a Skooner, they expect him in 3 months to return and trade with them— a favourite.— |
| Lemon | In a Slupe, and they expect him in 3 moons to trade with them.— |
| Davidson [16] | Visits this part of the Coast and river in a Brig for the purpose of Hunting the Elk returns when he pleases he does not trade any, Kills a great maney Elk &c &—. |
| 〈Washilgton〉 Fallawan [17] | In a Ship with guns he fired on & killed Several In- dians, he does not trade now and they doe not know when he will return, well done |
A List of the Names as given by the Indias of the Traders Names and the quallity of their Vessels which they Say visit the mouth of the Columbia 2 [times] a year for the purpose of Tradeing with the nativs, and from their accounts Spring and autum—
| Mr. Haley | their favourite Trade visits them in a 3 masted vessel |
| Youens | visits in a 3 Masted vessle— |
| Tallamon | do 3 do no trade |
| Swipton | do 3 do Trader |
| Moore | do 4 do do |
| Mackey | do 3 do do |
| Washington | do 3 do do |
| Meship | do 3 do do |
| Davidson | do 2 do Hunts Elk |
| Jackson | do 3 do Trader |
| Bolch | do 3 do do |
| Skelley | has been along time gorn— one Eye |
| Callallamet | do 3 Trader has a wooden Leg. |
[Lewis]
The fort being now completed, the Commanding officers think proper to direct: that the guard shall as usual consist of one Sergeant and three privates, and that the same be regularly relieved each morning at sunrise. The post of the new guard shall be in the room of the Sergeants rispectivly commanding the same. the centinel shall be posted, both day and night, on the parade in front of the commanding offercers quarters; tho' should he at any time think proper to remove himself to any other part of the fort, in order the better to inform himself of the desighns or approach of any party of savages, he is not only at liberty, but is hereby required to do so. It shall be the duty of the centinel also to announce the arrival of all parties of Indians to the Sergeant of the Guard, who shall immediately report the same to the Commanding officers.
The Commanding Officers require and charge the Garrison to treat the natives in a friendly manner; nor will they be permitted at any time, to abuse, assault or strike them; unless such abuse assault or stroke be first given by the natives. nevertheless it shall be right for any individual, in a peaceable manner, to refuse admittance to, or put out of his room, any native who may become troublesome to him; and should such native refuse to go when requested, or attempt to enter their rooms after being forbidden to do so; it shall be the duty of the Sergeant of the guard on information of the same, to put such native out of the fort and see that he is not again admitted during that day unless specially permitted; and the Sergeant of the guard may for this purpose imploy such coercive measures (not extending to the taking of life) as shall at his discretion be deemed necessary to effect the same.
When any native shall be detected in theft, the Sergt. of the guard shall immediately inform the Commanding offercers of the same, to the end that such measures may be pursued with rispect to the culprit as they shall think most expedient.
At sunset on each day, the Sergt. attended by the interpreter Charbono and two of his guard, will collect and put out of the fort, all Indians except such as may specially be permitted to remain by the Commanding offercers, nor shall they be again admitted untill the main gate be opened the ensuing morning.
At Sunset, or immediately after the Indians have been dismissed, both gates shall be shut, and secured, and the main gate locked and continue so untill sunrise the next morning: the water-gate may be used freely by the Garrison for the purpose of passing and repassing at all times, tho' from sunset, untill sunrise, it shall be the duty of the centinel, to open the gate for, and shut it after all persons passing and repassing, suffering the same never to remain unfixed long than is absolutely necessary.
It shall be the duty of the Sergt. of the guard to keep the kee of the Meat house, and to cause the guard to keep regular fires therein when the same may be necessary; and also once at least in 24 hours to visit the canoes and see that they are safely secured; and shall further on each morning after he is relieved, make his report verbally to the Commandg officers.—
Each of the old guard will every morning after being relieved furnish two loads of wood 〈each〉 for the commanding offercers fire.
No man is to be particularly exempt from the duty of bringing meat from the woods, nor none except the Cooks and Interpreters from that of mounting guard.
Each mess being furnished with an ax, they are directed to deposit in the room of the commanding offercers all other public tools of which they are possessed; nor 〈are〉 shall the same at any time hereafter be taken from the said deposit without the knowledge and permission of the commanding officers; and any individual so borrowing the tools are strictly required to bring the same back the moment he has ceased to use them, and no case shall they be permited to keep them out all night.
Any individual selling or disposing of any tool or iron or steel instrument, arms, accoutrements or ammunicion, shall be deemed guilty of a breach of this order, and shall be tryed and punished accordingly.— the tools loaned to John Shields are excepted from the restrictions of this order.
Meriwether Lewis
Capt. 1st U. S. Regt.
Wm. Clark Capt. &c
[Ordway]
Wednesday 1st Jany. 1806— The party Saluted our officers at day break this morning by firing at their quarters as a remembrence of the new year a pleasant morning. 2 men went out a hunting. Several of the natives [19] visited us. they go bare leged all winter and bare footed Some kind of a little Robe over their Shoulders &C. the women have Short peticoats made of Some kind of grass Some of which are twisted like twine, and are nearly naked otherways the general part of them are verry poor and ask a large price for any thing they have to part with. in the evening the two hunters returned & had killed two large buck Elk.—
[Gass]
Wednesday 1st Jan. 1806. The year commenced with a wet day; but the weather still continues warm; and the ticks, [20] flies [21] and other insects are in abundance, which appears to us very extraordinary at this season of the year, in a latitude so far north. Two hunters went out this morning. We gave our Fortification the name of Fort Clatsop. In the evening our two hunters, that went out this morning, returned and had killed two large elk about three miles from the Fort.
[Whitehouse]
Wednesday January 1st At day break, the Men at the fort fired several Guns, as a salute to our Commanding officers; & in honor of the day. The Morning was pleasant. Two of our party were sent out to hunt. Several Indians [22] came to the fort on a visit. They were entirely naked, excepting a breech Cloth which they wore & Skins thrown over their Shoulders. This is the manner which the Natives in general go cloathed. The Winters here are not very Cold, & the ground has not as yet been cover'd with Snow this Winter. In the afternoon the hunters returned to the Fort, they had killed 2 large Buck Elks 〈bucks〉
| 82 |
| 122 |
| 68 |
| 29 |
| [321?] |
Some of these Indians' names may be identified linguistically (all are in the Chinook language):
- Clot-sop (Clatsops, see note at November 21, 1805)
- Sha-no-ma, Sanuma
- War-ho-lote, Waxalut
- Chin-nook (Chinooks, see note at November 15, 1805)
- Stock-home, Tawkum
- Com-com-mo-ley, Qanqmli
- Shil-lar-la-wit, Silalawit
- Nor-car-te, Nuxkati[x]
- Chin-ni-ni, Cinini
- Chiltch (Chehalis, see note at November 21, 1805)
- The chiefs' names are unidentifiable.
- Ca-la-mox (Tillamooks, see note at January 8, 1806)
- The chief's name is unidentificable.
- Calt-har-mar (Cathlamets, see note at November 11, 1805)
- Clan-nah queh (see note under tribal name in this entry)
- Cul-te-ell, Q̓lti il(x)
- Clan-nah queh (see note under tribal name in this entry)
- Quioo, Kwiu
- War-ci-a-cum (Wahkiakums, see note at November 7, 1805)
- Scumar-qua-up, Sqamukwia
