Journals of the
Lewis & Clark Expedition

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September 17, 1806 - Clark, William
  • we found him a man of information and from whome we received a partial account of the political State of our Country, we were makeing enquires and exchangeing answers &c. untill near mid night.    this Gentleman informed us that we had been long Since given out by the people of the U S Generaly and almost forgotton, the President of the U.
  • September 17, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • Lewis pressed on to his home at Ivy Creek, Albemarle County, Virginia, near Monticello. After spending Christmas with his mother, he continued to Washington, where Chouteau had already arrived with his Usages.
  • Grinder about sun set, the man of the house being from home, and no person there but a woman who discovering the governor to be deranged, gave him up the house & slept herself in one near it." Because no one saw what actually happened thereafter, circumstantial reports of the killing vary in detail.
  • I refer those who persist in believing, against all evidence, that Sacagawea lived to a ripe old age and is buried on an Indian reservation near Lander, Wyoming, to Irving Anderson, "Probing the Riddle of the Bird Woman," Montana, the Magazine of Western History, XXIII (Autumn 1973), 2–17.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
Lewis & Clark among the Indians 8. The Clatsop Winter
  • Situated on a branch of the Skipanon River near the ocean, the village had three houses with twelve families. To this village William Clark traveled in December and met Cuscalar, a prominent headman.
  • Angered by an attempt to steal guns from the expedition, Clark bluntly informed the Indians that anyone seen near the baggage would be shot. Two days later, on November 17, a man identified only as "the principal chief of the Chinnooks" appeared at the American camp.
  • Throughout the long winter on the coast there was only one other formal meeting with a Chinook chief. Near the end of February 1806, Fort Clatsop's routine was interrupted by the arrival of Taucum and some twenty-five Chinook men.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
October 8, 1804 - Clark, William
  • this river is 120 yards wide, the water Confined within 20 yards, throws out mud with little Sand, great quanties of red Berries, resembling Currents near the mouth of this river    Latd. 45° 39' 5' N. this river heads in the 1s Black Mountain (Black Hills) , 2 Miles higher up passed a Small River on the L.
  • October 8, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 12, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • this river in it's course passed near the N. W. side of the turtle mountain (Killdeer (Turtle) Mountains) , which is said to be no more than 4 or 5 leagues distant from it's entrance in a straight direction, a little to the S. of West.—    this mountain and the knife river have therefore been laid down too far S.
  • April 12, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
August 17, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • .—    They also inform'd us that about one Mile from that large spring, that they had also drank water out of another spring, which was the head Waters of Columbia River (Columbia River) , The Snake (Shoshone Indians) Indians informed us by our Interpreter (Charbonneau, Toussaint) , that there was no timber on the other side of the Mountains, large enough to make Canoes, near to the head of Columbia River (Columbia River) —    Captain Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) had persuaded 20 odd Snake (Shoshone Indians) Indians of that band to come over with their horses with him.—    Our officers concluded to leave our Canoes at this place, & to get horses from those Indians to transport our baggage across the mountains, to Columbia River (Columbia River) .—    We unloaded our Canoes at that place, & formid a Camp in a smooth Priari, lying on the So—    side of the River; where the Grass was very high.   
  • August 17, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
August 25, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • .— Miles 39   This morning while passing through the Shoshone cove Frazier (Frazer, Robert) fired his musquet at some ducks in a little pond at the distance of about 60 yards from me; the ball rebounded from the water and pased within a very few feet of me.    near the upper part of this cove the Shoshonees (Shoshone Indians) suffered a very severe defeat by the Minnetares (Hidatsa Indians) about six years since. this part of the cove on the N.
  • August 25, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
October 29, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark October 29th Tuesday 1805 a Cloudy morning    wind Still from th West not hard, we Set out at day light    proceeded on about 5 miles and Came too at a Lodge of a Chief which we made at the upper village at th falls    about his house there is Six others    This chief gave us to eate Sackacommis burries Hasel nuts fish Pounded, and a kind of Bread made of roots—    we gave to the Women pices of ribon, which they appeared pleased with—    those houses are large 25 feet Sqr and contain abt. 8 men, Say 30 inhabitents— Course N. 55° W.   4 miles to a Lard. point, pasd a run on Lard Side West   8 miles to Rock Island near the middle of River    passed 7 Houses of Indians    about 50 men at 1 mile on the Stard Side.
  • October 29, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
November 21, 1805 - Clark, William
  • One word is added interlinearly near here in the Elkskin-bound Journal but is difficult to read. It appears in the same hand and ink as "venereous" below and may be "Perstetus" for "prostitutes."
  • November 21, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
November 24, 1805 - Clark, William
  • If we Cannot subsist on the above terms to proceed on, and make Station Camps (Station Camp (Wash.)) , to neighbourhood of the Frendly village near the long narrows (Columbia River, The Dalles of the (Great Narrows)) & delay untill we Can proceed up the river.
  • November 24, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
December 7, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Lewis and Clark River (Lewis and Clark (Fort, Netul) River) , Clatsop County (Clatsop County, Oreg.) . Atlas map 8. Near the later site of Fort Clatsop (Fort Clatsop (Oreg.)) .
  • December 7, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
Part 2: Estimate of the Western Indians - Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
  • Mountains (Rocky Mountains) and winter and fall on the Missouri (Missouri River) on it's waters 2 Cho-pun-nish (Nez Perce Indians) of the Kooskooske River (Clearwater (Flathead, Kooskooskee) River) 220 3600 3 Cho-pun-nish (Nez Perce Indians) of Lewis's River (Salmon (Lewis's, Main Fork Lewis's, Southeast Fork of Columbia, West Fork Lewis's) River) above the entrance of } 80 1200 the Kooskooske (Clearwater (Flathead, Kooskooskee) River) 4 Cho-pun-nish (Nez Perce Indians) of Lewis's River (Salmon (Lewis's, Main Fork Lewis's, Southeast Fork of Columbia, West Fork Lewis's) River) below the entrance of } 30 h. 10 t. 2300 the Kooskooske (Clearwater (Flathead, Kooskooskee) River) 5 Sokulk (Wanapam Indians) residing on the Columbia (Columbia River) near the entrance } 120 2400 of Lewis's R.
  • Winter 1805-1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
May 10, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • he had come on a visit to us from his village which is situated about six miles distant near the river.    we invited this man into our circle and smoked with him, his retinue continued on horseback at a little distance.   
  • May 10, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
Part 1: Estimated Distances - Clark, William
  • E. 14     220   "    "   antient village of the Missouri (Missouri River) }   N E 16     236   Nation near which place Fort Orleans (Fort Orleans (Mo.))
  • Dak.))     35 N E 40   1488   "    Cannon Ball River (Cannonball (Bullet) River)   140 S W 12   1500   "    Chesschetar River (Heart (Ches-che-tar and similar spellings) River) near 6 old Mandan (Mandan Indians) Vgs.     38 S W 40   1540   "    the Old Ricara (Arikara Indians) & Mandan (Mandan Indians) Villages   — S W 40   1580   "    Fort Mandan (Fort Mandan (N.
  • (wintering post of 〈pty〉 1804[)]     N E 20   1600   "    Mandan (Mandan Indians) Villages (on each Side[)]   —     4   1604   "    Knife river (Knife River) on which the two }   80 S W   2   1606   Minetarre (Hidatsa Indians) and the Maharhas (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) villages are situated near the mouth "    the Island       11   — "    "   Miry River (Snake (E-pe,-Âh-zhah, Miry) Creek (McLean County, N.
  • Postexpedition 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
Lewis & Clark among the Indians 2. The Teton Confrontation
  • —William Clark, 1804 On August 30, 1806, as the homeward-bound Lewis and Clark expedition swept down the Missouri near present-day Yankton, South Dakota, the explorers caught sight of more than one hundred well-armed Indians lining the northeast river bank.
  • No sooner had Colter made his report than five Indians appeared on shore. The expedition's flotilla, now near the mouth of the Bad River, anchored in the Missouri while the captains tried to talk with these Sioux .
  • Hoping to keep the expedition a bit longer, Black Buffalo asked the captains to land near his village so his women and children might visit the boat. Lewis and Clark agreed, perhaps feeling that more time with the Tetons might produce a change in the diplomatic climate.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • The exhibition was like the one the Yanktons had performed for the explorers downstream near Calumet Bluff. The women's dance was sharply different—a rejoicing, with a strain of ferocity beneath.
  • They perched their towns on the lips of the terraces in the river's broad trench, as near water as possible but above the reach of floods. After the spring spates had subsided, they planted corn, beans, squash, and sunflowers, producers of edible seeds, on the flood plains, harvested the mature vegetables, dried them, and stored them in deep, jug-shaped caches in the floors of their houses.
  • On October 8, they reached the lowest of the Arikaras' remaining three villages. It stood near the center of an island that was three miles long and almost solidly cultivated, the different family plots separated from each other by brush fences.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
Weather, April 1804 - Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
  • The trees of the forest particularly the Cotton wood begin to obtain from their Size of their buds a Greenish Cast at a distance—    the Gooseberry which is also in this countrey and lilak have put forth their leaves— frost   18 Windey Day    at St Louis (Saint Louis, Mo.)   26th The white frost Killed much froot near Kahokia (Cahokia, Ill.) , while that at St Louis (Saint Louis, Mo.)
  • April 30, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
October 10, 1804 - Ordway, John
  •     "   at Fish Camp (Fish Camp) near the Mahars (Omaha Indians) Village abov. } 42 13 41 N.
  • October 10, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
February 15, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • no rain scarcely ever falls in these plains and the grass is short and but thin. The natives [WC?: except those near the R. monts (Rocky Mountains) ] appear to take no pains in scelecting their male horses from which they breed, in short those of that discription which I have noticed appeared much the most indifferent.   
  • February 15, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
Weather, April 1806 - Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
  • The former is more common and widespread along the Columbia River (Columbia River) in the Cascades (Cascade Range) ; the latter is more frequent near the coast. Hitchcock et al., 1:788–90. Almost certainly bluebells, Mertensia platyphylla Heller, a species of moist streambanks at low elevations, from the western Cascades (Cascade Range) to the coast.
  • Weather, April 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
September 3, 1806 - Clark, William
  • The U.S. frigate President was fired on by Spanish gunboats near Algeciras (Algeciras, Spain) , Spain (Spain) , in the fall of 1804, but was not captured.
  • September 3, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
Lewis & Clark among the Indians
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
August 31, 1804 - Clark, William
  • They live on the head of the Suouex River (Big Sioux River (Rivière des Sioux)) — 3rd    Me ma car jo (or make fence on the river.)    the Country near the Big bend of the Missouri (Missouri River, Big Bend of the) . 4th    Sou on te ton (People of the Prarie)    they rove North of the Missourie (Missouri River) in the Praries above. 5th    Wau pa Coo do (Beeds)    they live near the Prarie de Chain (Prairie du Chien) e [Prairie du Chien (Prairie du Chien) ] on the Missippi (Mississippi River) — 6th    Te tar ton (or Village of Prarie) on the waters of the Mississippi (Mississippi River) above Prare de Chain (Prairie du Chien) (Dog Prarie (Prairie du Chien) ) 7th    Ne was tar ton (Big Water Town) on the Mississippi (Mississippi River) above the mouth of the St.
  • August 31, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
The Journals of Lewis and Clark: Almost Home
  • Perhaps that explains why one editor had Clark struggling to the top of a hill near the Pacific Coast and saying, "I cue my hare [hair]," when the captain actually wrote that he had cut his hand.
  • We have also had undergraduate and graduate students working with the project over the years, and we have occasionally brought in people to assist with other editing tasks, such as indexing the volumes. As the project nears its end, two individuals are now helping with the work on the comprehensive index, which will comprise the final volume in the edition.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • Gary E. Moulton
October 29, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Chief Maw-pah'-pir-re-cos-sa too (Horned Weasel (Maw-pah'-pir-re-cos-satoo)) —    This chief is near this hunting and a verry Considerable man To the 1st Chiefs we gave a medal with the Imp. of the President of the U S.
  • October 29, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 11, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • I walked down to day about ¾ of a mile below our encampment to observe the manner in which these people inter their dead. I found eight sepulchers near the north bank of the river built in the following manner.    four strong forks are first sunk several feet in the ground and rise about six feet high froming a parrallelogram of 8 by 10 feet.   
  • April 11, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
September 23, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • .—    finis. The entry ends near the bottom of a page, then follows three blank pages, a table of "Estimated Distance" (reading back to front) across four pages, another blank page, and a final list of memoranda of two pages (also reading back to front), thus ending Ordway's (Ordway, John) third and final notebook of his journal of the expedition.
  • September 23, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
Great Plains Quarterly 24:4 (2004): 263–82.
  • All the National Historic Trail interpretations of this event follow approximately the same script, illustrated with this text at the Great Falls center: Lewis, Drouillard, and the Field brothers rode deep into Blackfeet (Pikuni) country. On July 26 near the Two Medicine River, eight Blackfeet men rode towards them. Lewis presented three among them with a flag, a medal, and a handkerchief.
  • The only in-stance of this viewpoint presented along the NHT is in the Great Falls interpretive center: A Pikuni raid near the Two Medicine River in 1806 ended in tragedy. Wolf Calf, a member of the Pikuni party, recalled the incident years later.
  • The Sacagawea interpreter role is also elaborated in a NHT marker at the Jedediah Smith Monument near Mobridge, South Dakota, and Sakakawea as a symbol convincing local tribes that the expedition came in peace is reiterated in the Washburn center.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • Kevin S. Blake
Western Historical Quarterly 35 (Spring 2004): 53–72. Copyright © 2004, Western History Association.)
  • Dunbar was able to reduce the complexity yet raise the bar for accuracy; however in 1795, James MacKay knew only one method and, by hiring Evans, it presupposed that an assistant was mandatory. Near the end of August 1795, the third expedition for the Missouri Company left St.
  • Trudeau agreed, granting MacKay about 3700 acres near the Bon Homme Creek on 23 December 1797. MacKay's plan of the Bon Homme district is a small—scale map, illustrating houses, rivers, islands, hills, lot sizes, and the names of the owners of lots.
  • Apparently, the site was well—known to the local population too and after Clark had landed at the bank, several canoes of drunken Indians managed to camp near him. In the following days, Clark noted Indians paddling up and down the Mississippi who undoubtedly alerted villagers at Portage des Sioux of the American encampment.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • Thomas C. Danisi and W. Raymond Wood
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • The French, it seemed clear, were not likely to move into the Mississippi in the near future. That being true, the British might not be tempted to counterattack out of Canada.
  • Lewis wrote of his requirements to the commanding officers of Fort Massac on the Ohio, Fort Kaskaskia on the Mississippi, and South West Point, near Nashville, Tennessee. (For some unstated reason he thought South West Point would turn out to be the most fruitful source.)
  • He made his start, in 1789, from Fort Chipewayan, built near the chill west end of Lake Athabasca primarily for this purpose.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
Weather, March 1806 - Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
  • a bird of a scarlet colour as large as a common pheasant with a long tail has returned, one of them was seen today near the fort by Capt. Clark's (Clark, William) black man (York) , I could not obtain a view of it myself. 8th the ground covered with hail and snow this morning, air cool but not freizing.— 9th Snow and hail 1 inch deep this morning    air Still cold more so than yesterday but not freizing. 10th Snow nearly disappeared by this morning.   
  • Weather, March 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
Lewis & Clark among the Indians 1. The Voyage Begins
  • "The Mandaines," wrote James Mackay, "as well all other nations that inhabit to their West, near the Rocky Mountains, are in general people as good as they are mild who lay a great value on the friendship of the Whites."
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
J & MC Quarterly 80.4 (2003): 866–883
  • Americans celebrated the news that the Lewis and Clark expedition had unexpectedly reappeared near St. Louis on 23 September 1806. Convinced that the men had all perished, the country, along with Thomas Jefferson, expressed "unspeakable joy"; Jefferson wrote Captain Meriwether Lewis, "The length of time without hearing of you had begun to be felt awfully."
  • In fact, the captains collaborated on a letter that become the first public version of what happened and that thereby framed their story for the press, emphasizing their successful transcontinental crossing, the challenges, the dangers, and their physical and mental skills. As they neared St. Louis, Lewis, the better writer, drafted a letter addressed to Clark's brother George in Kentucky, the site of the closest newspapers.
  • In contrast, the London Times printed two letters discounting the Corps' stay at the mouth of the Columbia River, "but in the vicinity of Fort Des Plaries, near the source of the Missouri, not their way from, but to the Pacific," "To the Editor of the Times," 4 December 1806.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • Betty Houchin Winfield
August 24, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • this when mounted he draws up on the near side of the horse's neck and holds in the left hand, suffering it to trail at a great distance behind him sometimes the halter is attatched so far from the end that while the shorter end serves him to govern his horse, the other trails on the grond as before mentioned.   
  • August 24, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
Part 6: Baling Invoices - Unknown
  • Glasses 3 Gro: Curtain Rings 10 [lb?] Verdigrease or near abt. 24 fathoms of Red flannel in 12 pieces—    to a piece of flannel 48 Collar Needles 8 [lb?]
  • Winter 1804-1805
  • Journals
  • Unknown
August 3, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Misquters verry bad. Some place near Conncill Bluff (Council Bluff (Nebr.)) will be the most proper place for a tradeing establishment, for maney of the nations, the distance is to the Ottoes (Oto Indians) one Days, Ponies (Pawnee Indians) [Pawness (Pawnee Indians) ] 1½ days, to the Mahar (Omaha Indians) , 2 days, to Loups (Pawnee Indians, Loup or Skiri) 2 Days & a half 16 or 1800 men—and convenient for Some 〈The Republicans (Pawnee Indians, Republican or Kitkahahki) are also〉 bands of the Sues (Sioux Indians) , 〈Your letter of the 7th of Feby I recved With great pleasure〉 This council is discussed in Ronda, 17–23.
  • August 3, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
June 3, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • An interesting question was now to be determined; which of these rivers was the Missouri (Missouri River) , or that river which the Minnetares (Hidatsa Indians) call Amahte Arz zha or Missouri (Missouri River) , and which they had discribed to us as approaching very near to the Columbia river (Columbia River) .    to mistake the stream at this period of the season, two months of the traveling season having now elapsed, and to ascend such stream to the rocky Mountain (Rocky Mountains) or perhaps much further before we could inform ourselves whether it did approach the Columbia (Columbia River) or not, and then be obliged to return and take the other stream would not only loose us the whole of this season but would probably so dishearten the party that it might defeat the expedition altogether.   
  • June 3, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
Lewis & Clark among the Indians 5. Lewis and Clark as Plains Ethnographers
  • Louis prices. m The kind of pelteries, & Robes which they Annually supply or furnish. n The defferant kinds of Pelteres, Furs, Robes, Meat, Greece & Horses which each could furnish for trade. o The place at which it would be mutually advantageous to form the principal establishment, in order to supply the Several nations with Merchindize. p The names of the nations with whome they are at war. q The names of the nations with whome they maintain a friendly alliance, or with whome they may be united by intercourse or marriage. r The particular water courses on which they reside or rove. s The Countrey in which they usially reside, and the principal water courses on or near which the Villages are Situated, or the Defferant Nations & tribes usially rove & Remarks.
  • Typical of the informants Lewis and Clark sought out for the "Estimate" were two Indians, Greasy Head and an unnamed Arikara, who came to Fort Mandan early in March 1805 and "gave some account of the Indians near the rockey Mountains." Hugh Heney provided "the names and charecktors of the Seeaux" and the Chippewas. From Mandan and Hidatsa contacts came information on the Crow , Shoshoni , Blackfeet, and Nez Perce Indians. Reaching back to their days near St. Louis, the explorers used traders' information on the three Pawnee divisions as well as the Iowa and Osage peoples.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
Lewis & Clark among the Indians 3. The Arikara Interlude
  • To honor their role in agriculture, women arrayed in their best clothing sat near the center posts of the lodge. Having missed this ritual, Lewis and Clark could not comment on it, nor on the many beliefs and rites surrounding the buffalo.
  • This ritual lodge was often the largest earth structure in the village. Located near the center of the village, it shared some construction features with domestic lodges: four primary interior posts, a central fire pit, and a walled entrance passage.
  • At the time Lewis and Clark visited them, the Arikaras were living in three large villages on the Missouri near the mouth of the Grand River. These villages were founded sometime in the late 1790s after the Arikaras abandoned their North Dakota settlements.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • Romantic that he was, he wanted to dip his fingers in that exhilarating stream, even if the impulse kept him out all night and caused great worry to his soldiers, waiting for him at the camp near the lowest falls. The presence of buffalo close by solidified the impulse.
  • The grizzly had already chased Colter into the water and was about to follow when the hunters again drove it away. By then dark was near and the vengeful men dared not follow their quarry into the thick brush, eager though they were to rid the neighborhood of so dangerous a competitor.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • Those of the French group who did not depart with Gravelines decided to build a small hut near the fort-to-be and winter among the Mandans, trapping beaver and enjoying the favors of the complaisant Mandan girls.
  • The quartet would first roll the timber onto a pair of crosspieces, one near either end. Heaving the cradle and its burden upward, the workers toted it ahead, often chanting to the rhythm of their steps.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
May 14, 1804 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • .—    The River Misouri (Missouri River) is about one Mile wide, and on the South side of it near its mouth is an Island and its waters are always muddy occasion'd by its banks falling in, the current Runs at about five Miles & a half p hour; the banks are very steep, and the bottom very muddy.   
  • May 14, 1804
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
Part 1: Affluents of the Missouri River - Clark, William
  • county line, Nebraska (Nebraska) Butterfly (Papillion (Butterfly, Pappeo) Creek) or Papillion Creek (Papillion (Butterfly, Pappeo) Creek) Papillion (Big Papillion) Creek (Papillion (Butterfly, Pappeo) Creek) , Sarpy County (Sarpy County, Nebr.) , Nebraska (Nebraska) Musquetoe Creek (Mosquito Creek (Iowa)) Mosquito Creek (Mosquito Creek (Iowa)) , Pottawattamie County (Pottawattamie County, Iowa) , Iowa (Iowa) (see entry for July 22, 1804) White Catfish Camp (Camp White Catfish (Iowa)) Near Mills (Mills County, Iowa) -Pottawattamie (Pottawattamie County, Iowa) county line, Iowa (Iowa) Ancient village of the Ottoes (Oto Indians) Omaha (Omaha, Nebr.) , Douglas County (Douglas County, Nebr.) , Nebraska (Nebraska) (see entires for July 27 and 28, 1804) Ancient Ayauways (Iowa Indians) (Iowa (Iowa Indians) ) village North of Council Bluffs (Council Bluffs, Iowa) , Pottawattamie County (Pottawattamie County, Iowa) , Iowa (Iowa) (see entry for July 28, 1804) Indian (Pigeon (Beaver, Indian Knob, Round-Knob) Creek (Iowa)) or Indian Knob Creek (Pigeon (Beaver, Indian Knob, Round-Knob) Creek (Iowa)) Pigeon Creek (Pigeon (Beaver, Indian Knob, Round-Knob) Creek (Iowa)) , Pottawattamie County (Pottawattamie County, Iowa) , Iowa (Iowa) Bowyers Creek (Boyer (Bowyer) River (Pott's Creek)) Boyer River (Boyer (Bowyer) River (Pott's Creek)) , Pottawattamie County (Pottawattamie County, Iowa) , Iowa (Iowa) Council Bluff (Council Bluff (Nebr.))
  • Dak.) , South Dakota (South Dakota) Calumet Bluffs (Calumet Bluff (Nebr.)) Near Gavins Point Dam (Gavins Point Dam) , Cedar County (Cedar County, Nebr.) , Nebraska (Nebraska) Ancient fortification on Good Mans Island (Bon Homme (Good Man's) Island) Between Bonhomme County (Bon Homme County, S.
  • Winter 1804-1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
Lewis & Clark among the Indians 4. The Mandan Winter
  • Those families with important ceremonial responsibilities and those who owned powerful bundles lived near the plaza while less prominent households occupied lodges farther away.
  • That record, taken along with evidence preserved from the 1742–43 visit of La Vérendrye's sons to the region, offers the picture of prosperous earth lodge people living along the Missouri River near the Heart and already enjoying French and Spanish goods. With the disruptions caused by French and English conflicts that finally cost France its Canadian empire, the tenuous foreign contacts with the Mandan villages were lost, at least to the written record.
  • As the Lewis and Clark flotilla neared the Mandan and Hidatsa villages, the pace of the expedition's activity increased.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • The Field brothers brought in a young wolf they hoped to tame—this happened near the Kansas River—but three nights later the animal chewed through the rope that held it and escaped.
  • Tantalizing promises clung to it, for it was believed to head far west in high mountains near legendary Santa Fe. Many tribes lived and hunted along its banks, the nearest of them being the remnants of the Otos and Missouris and perhaps one or two bands of Pawnees.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • For a time he was stationed at Fort Espérance near the junction, in today's Saskatchewan, of the Qu'Appelle and Assiniboine rivers.
  • Whatever the means, they covered some eighty leagues and had reached the mouth of the White River, near today's Chamberlain, South Dakota, when a party of Sioux Indians discovered them.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
North Dakota Quarterly 71.2 (2004): 6–27.
  • They had just completed a five-day sojourn with the Arikara near the mouth of the Grand River. Clark had called them "Durtey, Kind, pore, & extravigent."
  • By the time they entered North Dakota, they had survived one harrowing confrontation with Indians—with the Teton Sioux (Lakota) near today's Pierre, South Dakota. During their five-day encounter with the people of Black Buffalo and the Partisan, September 24–28, 1804, they had approached the threshold of bloodshed twice, and their successful avoidance of an armed exchange owed as much to the intelligence of Black Buffalo as it did to their own courage and resolve.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • Clay S. Jenkinson
Names 52:3 (September 2004):163–237 Copyright 2004 by The American Name Society 163
  • The term Camp Chopunnish , for L & C's camp near Kamiah, ID, was not used by them, but was suggested by Elliott Coues in 1893 (JL CE 7:259 n.1).
  • The term Council Bluff(s) was used by L & C in 1894 for a NE site near the present Iowa town (JL CE 2:440, 3:353). Coweliskee . L & C's writing for the Cowlitz River (WA, Cowlitz Co.); derived from the name of a Salishan subgroup, /káwlic/ (JL CE 6:202, 470, 484; 7:21 n. 3; NAPUS).
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • William Bright
Exploring the Explorers: Great Plains Peoples and the the Lewis and Clark Expedition Great Plains Quarterly 13.2 (1993): 81–90
  • Once the American expedition settled in to winter quarters at Fort Mandan, near present-day Bismarck, North Dakota, the sense of the new and the strange continued.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • JAMES P. RONDA
Journal of Historical Geography [Great Britain] 18:1 (1992) 27–40.
  • Figure 4. Karl Bodmer, Skull Medicine Near Mih-Tutta-Hang-Kusch. Courtesy of Joslyn Art Museum, The Enron Art Foundation.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • John L. Allen

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