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Lewis & Clark Expedition

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June 5, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • .—    towards evening our hunters all came in    had killed one black bear and five deer and informed us that an Indian had Set out Some days past to cross the mountains if possable but Soon after dark he returned to our Camp and informed us that he went over one mountain and in attempting to cross a creek which was high and rapid his horse fell and hurt him So he turned back to wait untill the water falls.   
  • June 5, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
June 25, 1806 - Gass, Patrick
  • We proceeded forward early; and two men and an Indian were sent ahead to look for the horses we left behind when we were here before.
  • June 25, 1806
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
Introduction to Volume 5
  • Flathead Indians
  • N.D.
  • Journals
  • Gary E. Moulton
Volume 2 Appendix B
  • Mandan Indians
  • N.D.
  • Journals
  • Gary E. Moulton
July 27, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Clark (Clark, William) informing me of his intended rout, and that he would rejoin me at this place provided he did not fall in with any fresh sighn of Indians, in which case he intended to pursue untill he over took them calculating on my taking the S.
  • we begin to feel considerable anxiety with rispect to the Snake (Shoshone Indians) Indians.    if we do not find them or some other nation who have horses I fear the successfull issue of our voyage will be very doubtfull or at all events much more difficult in it's accomplishment.   
  • He was active in preparations for the Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and Clark (Clark, William) expedition, and devoted much of his later life to a study of the American Indians, being recognized as having made the first steps toward a systematic classification of Indian languages.
  • July 27, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
October 31, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Side a creek falls in which has no running water at present, it has the appearanc of throwing out emense torents—    I saw 5 Indians in a canoe below—    Jo. (Field, Joseph) killed a Sand hill Crane & we returned by the same rout to camp at the grand Shute (Columbia River, Cascades (Great Rapids, Great Shute)) where I found Several Indians, I Smoked.
  • Side on the hill opposit S. 45° W. 2 miles to a high rock above the upper point of a large Isld. on the Lard Side, passed maney rocks in different directions, a house on the Stard. at 1 mile    just below is 8 Indian vaults in which is great number of dead raped up their trinkets, & wooden Gods are placed around the vaults, they lie East & west S. 60° W 2 miles to a large black rock in a Stard. bend at the Comence- ment of a rapid opsd. a Lower point of an Island    passed a rapid at ½ Ms.
  • Side of it at present this Island is high rich and open Covered with Strawbery vines a narrow open bottom on the Lard. Side Those Indians Cut off the hands of those they kill & proserve the fingers.
  • October 31, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
May 9, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • five of them appeared to have been so much injured by the indians riding them last fall that they had not yet recovered and were in low order.   
  • M. it began to rain and hail, at 9 it was succeeded by a heavy shower of snow which continued untill the next morning.—    several indians joined us this evening from the village of the broken arm (Broken Arm) or Tunnachemootoolt (Broken Arm) and continued all night.
  • Major excavations have recently been conducted at this historic Nez Perce (Nez Perce Indians) village and house pits dating to 3,000 years ago have been investigated.
  • May 9, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
May 18, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Lauremus (Lorimier, Louis) who had been Sent by Cap Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) to the Kickapoo (Kickapoo Indians) Town on public business return'd and after a Short delay proceeded on to St Louis (Saint Louis, Mo.) , I Sent George Drewyer (Drouillard, George) with a Letter to Capt Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether)    Two Keel Boats arrive from Kentucky (Kentucky) to day loaded with whiskey Hats &c. &.   
  • May 18, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 7, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • they have orders to bring them all if they can find them to the mahar (Omaha Indians) village where we are to wait their arrival; we Roed on about 18 miles & Camped on the N.
  • August 7, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
August 26, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • S. at petite wave formerly an old Indian village, Bow Creek (Bow (Little Bow, Petie Arc) Creek) , Cedar County (Cedar County, Nebr.) , Nebraska (Nebraska) .
  • August 26, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
October 3, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • the water Shallow, we Camped at high Bluffs on S. S.    we Saw Several Indians opposite on the N. S. Probably near the Potter (Potter County, S.
  • October 3, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
October 20, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • towards evening we passed the 1st old village of the Mandens (Mandan Indians) on the S. S. (Saw Buffalow Swimming the River)    we Camped at a Stone coal Bluff on S.
  • October 20, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
November 1, 1804 - Clark, William
  • The camp is not shown on Atlas map 29, but was between, and somewhat north of Matootonha (Mitutanka (Matootonha) village) , the lower Mandan (Mandan Indians) village, and the fort site, on the McLean County (McLean County, N.
  • November 1, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
November 1, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) myself and Several more of the party halted at the 1st village of the Mandens (Mandan Indians) in order to git Some corn.    the head chief told us that they had not Got the corn ready.
  • November 1, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
November 28, 1804 - Clark, William
  • W    river full of floating ice, began to Snow at 7 oClock a'm and continued all day    at 8 oClock the Poss-cop-so-he (Black Cat (Posecopsahe)) or Black Cat (Black Cat (Posecopsahe)) Grand Chief of the Mandans (Mandan Indians) Came to See us, after Showing Those Chiefs many thing which was Curiossities to them, and Giveing a fiew presents of Curioes Handkerchiefs arm bans & paint with a twist of Tobaco they departed at 1 oClock much pleased, at parting we had Some little talk on the Subject of the British Trader Mr.
  • November 28, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
January 1, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • about 9 o.C. 15 of the party went up to the 1st village of Mandans (Mandan Indians) to dance as it had been their request.    carried with us a fiddle & a Tambereen & a Sounden horn.   
  • January 1, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
February 16, 1805 - Gass, Patrick
  • Having arrived at the place we found the savages were gone; had destroyed our meat, burnt the huts and fled into the plains. This morning the Indians, who had come down with us and one of our men whose feet had been a little frozen, returned home.
  • February 16, 1805
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
April 23, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • .—    We stopped for about two hours, & Captain Clark (Clark, William) , and some of our Men went out hunting; We then proceeded 〈then〉 on our Voyage, & passed the finest thickets of Wood & level priaries, that we had seen, since we left the Mandan (Mandan Indians) Nation, In the Evening, we came too, and Encamped on the North side of the Mesouri (Missouri River) River, having come 15 Miles this day.—    Captain Clark (Clark, William) & the party that went with him hunting, joined us some short time after, having kill'd that day 3 large Male Deer, and a Buffalo Calf, which they brought to the Camp— When compared with other journals, this appears to be the true entry for April 23.
  • April 23, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
June 18, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • the day pleasant we repacked the Indian goods &.C.    moved all the baggage near to camp.    about 12 oClock the hunters came in    had killed 10 deer but no Elk.   
  • June 18, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
August 19, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark August 19th Monday 1805 A verry Cold morning Frost to be Seen    we Set out at 7 oClock and proceeded on thro a wide leavel Vallie    the Chief Shew me the place that a number of his nation was killed about 1 years past    this Vallie [X: whiet vallie] Continues 5 miles & then becoms narrow, the beaver has Damed up the River in maney places    we proceeded on up the main branch with a gradial assent to the head and passed over a low mountain and Decended a Steep Decent to a butifull Stream, passed over a Second hill of a verry Steep assent & thro' a hilly Countrey for 8 miles an Encamped on a Small Stream    the Indians with us we wer oblige to feed—    one man met me with a mule & Spanish Saddle to ride, I gave him a wistoat [waistcoat]    a mule is considered a of great value among those people    we proceeded on over a verry mountanious Countrey across the head of hollows & Springs 〈and encamped〉 The site is marked "Inds.
  • August 19, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
September 26, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • Several of the party Sick with a relax by a Sudden change of diet and water as well as the change of climate also. Several Indians came down in a Small canoe & Camped near us.— Orofino Creek (Orofino (Rock Dam) Creek) , Clearwater County (Clearwater County, Idaho) , Idaho (Idaho) .
  • September 26, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
October 3, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark October 3rd 〈Wednesday〉 Thursday 1805 Canoe Camp a fair cool morning    wind from the East    all our men getting well and at work at the canoes &c. 〈The Indians Came〉 Took equal altitudes with Sextent H.
  • October 3, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 27, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • In the Evening our hunters returned with 4 Deer which they had killed.—    We carried the Indians that had been with us all day; across the River, in order that they might go to their Village.   
  • October 27, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
March 1, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • in the evening the party returned except four who Stayed out to hunt & brought in the meat.    the Indian Name of the River they went up is Kil how-a-nàk-kle (Youngs (Kilhow-a-nah-kle) River) and this River which we are on Ne-tul (Lewis and Clark (Fort, Netul) River) .
  • March 1, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
May 23, 1806 - Gass, Patrick
  • .— One of our sergeants shot a deer at a lick close to our camp, and wounded it very bad, but it got to the river and swam over. Two young Indians who had been at our camp all night, then mounted their horses, swam over and drove it back; and we killed it and gave them half of it.
  • May 23, 1806
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
June 3, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • my horse that I wrode over to the kimooenim river (Snake (Ki-moo-e-nim, Lewis's, Southeast Branch of Columbia) River) nearly failed and his back verry sore and poor & in low Spirits and as luck would have it an Indian brought me a large good strong horse and Swaped with me as he knew my horse to be good when in order to run the buffaloe which is their main object to git horses that will run and Swap their best horses for Servis, for them that will run if they are not half as good as otherways.
  • June 3, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
June 13, 1806 - Gass, Patrick
  • There was a fine morning, and a hunter or two went out. The Indian exchanged horses with one of our men, whose horse had not recovered, and was unable to cross the mountains; and then went home to the village.
  • June 13, 1806
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
July 9, 1806 - Gass, Patrick
  • We set out early to go down the river; but had not proceeded far before it began to rain, and we halted at some old Indian lodges, where we took shelter. In an hours time the rain slackened, and we proceeded on; but had not gone far before it began to rain again, and the weather was very cold for the season.
  • July 9, 1806
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
September 12, 1806 - Gass, Patrick
  • M'Clelland (McClellan, Robert) in a large boat with twelve men, going up to trade with the Mahas (Omaha Indians) . Our commanding officers were acquainted with Mr. M'Clelland (McClellan, Robert) , and we halted and remained with him all day, in order to get some satisfactory information from him, after our long absence from the United States.
  • September 12, 1806
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
Names 52:3 (September 2004):163–237 Copyright 2004 by The American Name Society 163
  • Cayuse . An Indian tribe of the Plateau region, of uncertain linguistic affiliation.
  • Referring to a site where meetings were held between Indian groups, or between Indians and whites. The term Council Bluff(s) was used by L & C in 1894 for a NE site near the present Iowa town (JL CE 2:440, 3:353).
  • Cree are abbreviations (HNAI 6:227; JL CE 3:432). Crow Indians . A Siouan tribe of the northern plains, French Corbeaux. Their name in Indian languages of the area is usually derived from the word for the bird, e.g.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • William Bright
May 21, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • Some of the party yesterday discovered a high range of mountains to the west, a long distance off.    we Saw Some old Indian Camps in a timbred bottom on N. S. where Capt. Clark (Clark, William) killed an Elk.   
  • The Hills here are not so high, as they were below,—    Some of our party that was out hunting Yesterday, reported that they had seen, a high ridge of Mountains, which lay to the West, but appeared to be a very great distance from them, We proceeded on, and passed by some Bottom land, lying on the North side of the River where we saw some Indian Camps, that were old; these Camps were surrounded with Cotton Wood Trees, 〈where〉 Captain Clark (Clark, William) went on shore at that place, and killed an Elk, we shot a Beaver in the River, on our way here this day.—    About 1 o'Clock P.
  • May 21, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
July 31, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Capt Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) deturmin to proceed on with three me[n] in Serch of the Snake (Shoshone Indians) Indians, tomorrow Clark (Clark, William) interrupts his narrative at this point to enter course and distance material for July 20–27, 1805, that he had labeled: "Course of the Missouri (Missouri River) from the gate (Little Gate of the Mountain) to the three forks (Missouri River, Three Forks of the) ."
  • July 31, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 15, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • Came [blank] miles and Camped on L Side at a narrow plain on which was Some old Indian Camps. Thursday August 15th    A Cold clear morning, We set out as usual, & proceeded on our Voyage, and entered the Mountains, where we found very high Clifts of Rocks lying near the River, and the shores steep on both sides of the River,—    We passed several springs which lay on the South side of the River, and came from under the Mountains, and several rapid places, in the River.   
  • In those deep holes our party caught a number of fine Trout.—    Captain Clarke (Clark, William) was near being bit by a Rattle snake this day; it got between his legs, whilst he was standing fishing, he killed it, & a number of the same kind this day, We came 15 Miles this day, & encamped on the So Side of the River in a narrow plain on which was some old Indian Camps.—
  • August 15, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
August 22, 1805 - Gass, Patrick
  • We soon had to ascend another large mountain, and had to proceed in the same way until we crossed 4 of them, when we came to a large creek, where there is a small bottom and 3 lodges of Indians. Three of our men having gone through the bottom to hunt, came first upon the lodges which greatly alarmed the unhappy natives, who all fell a weeping and began to run off; but the party coming with the guide relieved them from their fears.
  • No one but Gass (Gass, Patrick) gives this ethnobotanical information on the Shoshone (Shoshone Indians) method of making bread. See also Paul Russell Cutright, Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and Clark (Clark, William) : Pioneering Naturalists (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1969), 188.
  • August 22, 1805
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
September 14, 1805 - Gass, Patrick
  • Lewis's (Lewis, Meriwether) horse, but none of the hunters killed any thing except 2 or 3 pheasants; on which, without a miracle it was impossible to feed 30 hungry men and upwards, besides some Indians. So Capt. Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) gave out some portable soup, which he had along, to be used in cases of necessity.
  • Gilmore, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River (Missouri River) Region (1919. Reprint.
  • September 14, 1805
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
September 30, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • .—   miles From the mouth of the Missouri (Missouri River) canoe deposit— 3096 To the dividing Mountain head Spring—     24 To the first fork of the Columbia River (Columbia River)     14 To the first large fork down the River     18 To the forks on the raod at mouth of Tower Creek (Tower Creek)     14 To fishing Creek (after leaving the River)     23 [To] flat head River (Bitterroot (Clark's, Flathead) River) at first Camp—     41 To the mouth of travvellers wrest 〈creek (Lolo (Travelers' Rest) Creek (Mont.)) 〉—     76 To the foot of the mountain East side     12 To the Flat head (Flathead Indians) village in a plain—       3 To the first of koskoskia River (Clearwater (Flathead, Kooskooskee) River) Canoe Camp (Canoe Camp (Idaho))     21   miles To the Ki moo e nem (Snake (Ki-moo-e-nim, Lewis's, Southeast Branch of Columbia) River) down the kos kos kia (Clearwater (Flathead, Kooskooskee) River)     60 To Columbia River (Columbia River) down ki mo e nem R. (Snake (Ki-moo-e-nim, Lewis's, Southeast Branch of Columbia) River)   140 To Snake Indian River (Snake (Ki-moo-e-nim, Lewis's, Southeast Branch of Columbia) River) on South Side—   162 To the great falls of Columbia River (Columbia River, Great Falls of the) —       6 To the Short Narrows (Short (Little) Narrows) —       3 To the long narrowns (Columbia River, The Dalles of the (Great Narrows)) on Timn—       3 [To] the mouth of Catterack River (Klickitat (Cataract) River) N.
  • September 30, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
November 14, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark Novr. 14th Thursday 1805 Rained last night without intermission and this morning the wind blew hard from the [blank]    We Could not move, one Canoe was broken last night against the rocks, by the waves dashing her against them in high tide    about 10 oClock 5 Indians Come up in a Canoe thro emence waves & Swells, they landed and informed us they Saw the 3 men we Sent down yesterday, at Some distance below    Soon after those people Came Colter (Colter, John) one of the 3 men returned and informed us that he had proceeded with his Canoe as far as they Could, for the waves and Could find no white people, or Bay, he Saw a good Canoe harber & 2 Camps of Indians at no great distance below and that those with us had taken his gig & knife &c. which he forcably took from them & they left us, after our treating them well.   
  • November 14, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
March 12, 1806 - Clark, William
  • The Whale is Sometimes pursued harpooned and taken by the Indians of this Coast; thos I believe it is much more frequently killed by running on the rocks of the Coast to S.
  • W. in violent Storms, and thrown on different parts of the Coast by the winds and tide—.    in either case the Indians preserve and eat the blubber and Oil as has been before mentioned.   
  • March 12, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 8, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • .—    late at night the centinel detected an old indian man in attempting to creep into camp in order to pilfer; he allarmed the indian very much by presenting his gun at him; he gave the fellow a few stripes with a switch and sent him off.   
  • April 8, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
June 5, 1806 - Clark, William
  • Clark Thursday June 5th 1806 Colter (Colter, John) and Bratten (Bratton, William E.) were permitted to visit the Indian Village to day for the purpose of tradeing for roots and bread, they were fortunate and made a good return.    we gave the Indian Chief another Sweat to-day, continuing it as long as he could bear it.   
  • June 5, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 15, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • these streams we suppose to be the waters of Mous river (Souris (Mouse) River) a branch of the Assinniboin (Assiniboine River) which the Indians informed us approaches the Missouri (Missouri River) very nearly, about this point.
  • I saw the remains of several camps of the Assinniboins (Assiniboine Indians) ; near one of which, in a small ravene, there was a park which they had formed of timber and brush, for the purpose of taking the Cabrie or Antelope.   
  • Clark (Clark, William) named it Goat Pen Creek (Little Knife River (Goat Pen Creek)) on Atlas maps 34, 47, 56, after the Indian pen, or pound, for catching pronghorns which he found on it. It is now the Little Knife River (Little Knife River (Goat Pen Creek)) , in Mountrail County (Mountrail County, N.
  • April 15, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
June 30, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • again this season if we even return from the ocean to the Snake (Shoshone Indians) Indians.    wherever we find timber there is also beaver; Drewyer (Drouillard, George) killed two today.
  • Perhaps what Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) elsewhere (see below, February 18, 1806) calls "waytape," after a Chippewa (Chippewa Indians) word, referring to white spruce roots or bark strips used to fasten together birch-bark canoes.
  • June 30, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
August 10, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • proceeded on the valley gits wider and the hills make further from the River    our officers thought proper that the Missourie (Missouri River) Should loose its name at the 2nd forks we passed Some time ago where we expected to have found the Snake nation of Indians.    So they named the North fork (Beaverhead (Jefferson) River) Jeffersons (Beaverhead (Jefferson) River) River, the west or middle fork (Madison River (Middle Fork)) Maddison River (Madison River (Middle Fork)) , the South fork (Gallatin (South, Southeast Fork) River) Gallitine River (Gallatin (South, Southeast Fork) River) , on which is a most beautiful Spring abt 2 mls. from its mouth.   
  • The high land makes in near to the River on both sides of it, We passed a high clift of Rocks, which lay on the South side of the River, and Valleys, which seem wider, than those which we passed Yesterday, and the hills lies off farther from the River, Our officers were of oppinion (before Captain Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) left us) that the Mesouri River (Missouri River) should lose its name, at the place where the Second fork enter'd this River; which we passed some days past, and where we expected to have found, the Snake (Shoshone Indians) Nation of Indians.    they named the North fork (Beaverhead (Jefferson) River) Jefferson River (Beaverhead (Jefferson) River) , The West or middle fork (Madison River (Middle Fork)) Maddison River (Madison River (Middle Fork)) , and the South fork (Gallatin (South, Southeast Fork) River) Gallatin, River (Gallatin (South, Southeast Fork) River) , on which lies a most beautiful spring of Water, about 2 Miles from its mouth; the small River, that puts in above those three forks, to Jefferson River (Beaverhead (Jefferson) River) , they named Philosophy river (Willow Creek (Philosophy River) (Gallatin County, Mont.)) , so that the River that we are now on, is Jefferson River (Beaverhead (Jefferson) River) , they also named the last three forks    the North fork they called Wisdom River (Big Hole (Sensable, Wisdom) River) , & the South fork, Philanthropy River (Ruby (Philanthropy) River) , the middle fork still retaining the name of Jefferson River (Beaverhead (Jefferson) River) (and its course runs near West).   
  • August 10, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
November 3, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark November 3rd Sunday 1805 The fog So thick this morning we did not think it prudent to Set out untill 〈it Cleared away at〉 10 oClock we Set out and proceeded on verry well, accompanied by our Indian friends—    This morning Labich (Labiche, François) killed 3 Geese flying Collins (Collins, John) killed a Buck—    The water rose 〈2〉 Inches last night the effects of tide.
  • Passed the lower point of the Island at 3½ miles long & 1½ wide— emence quantity of Geese, Brants, Ducks & Sea otter, Some of the large & Small kind of Swan, & Sand hill Cranes—also luns & White gulls S. 87° W.   3 miles on the North Side of the Island and Encamped    we met 2 Canoes, of Indians 15 in number who informed us they had Seen 3 Vestles 2 days below us, we Camped on the Island, and Sent out hunters on it and Capt.
  • The Canoe was borrowed of the Inds. here & taken over by 4 men into the pond. I gave the Indians a Brant to eate.   13   Between the camp of November 2 and the mouth of Sandy (Quicksand) River (Sandy (Quicksand) River) they passed the highest point on the Columbia (Columbia River) reached by Lieutenant William Broughton (Broughton, William Robert) of George Vancouver's (Vancouver, George) expedition in 1792.
  • November 3, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
July 7, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • This was the route that the Hidatsas (Hidatsa Indians) had told them of at Fort Mandan (Fort Mandan (N. Dak.)) , which they had missed on the westward journey. However, had they not followed the Missouri (Missouri River) and its forks to their headwaters, they would have missed the Shoshones (Shoshone Indians) and would have been deprived of the services of Old Toby (Old Toby) and the use of the Indian horses, which would have greatly decreased their chances of making it across the Rockies (Rocky Mountains) .
  • July 7, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
Weather, August 1806 - Clark, William
  • M with hard S W wind 14th Mandan (Mandan Indians) Corn 〈is r[ipe?]〉 now full and beginning to harden 16th Northern lights Seen last night which was in Streaks 17th leave the Mandans (Mandan Indians) . 18th rained moderately last night in forpart of the night. 19th Comenced raining at 5 A.
  • M. 30th a fiew drops of rain last night    I Saw the Tetons (Sioux Indians, Teton) . 31st rained most of last night with T.
  • Weather, August 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
July 29, 1806 - Clark, William
  • late in the evening I arived at the enterance of a River which I take to be [NB: called by Indians] the Lazeka (Tongue (Le-ze-ka) River) or Tongue River (Tongue (Le-ze-ka) River)    it discharges itself on the Stard.
  • Tongue River (Tongue (Le-ze-ka) River) meets the Yellowstone (Yellowstone River) in Custer County (Custer County, Mont.) ; at its mouth today is Miles City (Miles City, Mont.) . Atlas map 120. The Indian name is presumably from the Mandans (Mandan Indians) or the Hidatsas (Hidatsa Indians) ; see Fort Mandan (Fort Mandan (N.
  • Miscellany. " Lazeka (Tongue (Le-ze-ka) River) or Tongue River (Tongue (Le-ze-ka) River) " may have been written in later over erasures. The term is a Mandan (Mandan Indians) name, résik, "tongue." Besides his interlineation Biddle (Biddle, Nicholas) also put brackets in red ink around the words "which take to be."
  • July 29, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
June 11, 1806 - Clark, William
  • Labeech (Labiche, François) and Shann (Shannon, George) was the only Suckcessull hunters, Labeech (Labiche, François) killed a Black bear and a large buck, and Gibson (Gibson, George) killed a very fat Buck.    five of the indians also turned out and hunted untill near Meridn. without having killed any thing.   
  • As I have had frequent occasion to mention the plant which the Chopunnish (Nez Perce Indians) and other nations of the Columbia (Columbia River) call Quawmash I Shall here give a more particular discription of that plant and the mode of prepareing it for food as practiced by the Chopinnish (Nez Perce Indians) and others in the vicinity of the Rocky Mountains (Rocky Mountains) with whome it forms much the greatest portion of their Subsistence.   
  • when we first arrived at the Chopunnish (Nez Perce Indians) last fall at this place our men who were half Starved made So free a use of this root that it made them all Sick for Several days after.
  • June 11, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
Part 3: Botanical Collections - Lewis, Meriwether
  • October the 16th    a dwarf cedar of the open praries    seldom ever rises more than six inches high—    it is said to be a stimilating shrub—    it is used as a tea by the Indians to produce sweat—    they would make a handsome edging to the borders of a gardin if used as the small box sometimes is.— N 105.    seed of the Larger species of recarre tobacco pre[se]nted us by Lepoy an Indian chief of that nation commanding the middle town.
  • one inch wide in the broadest part, & 2½ inches long.—    the demins as they are higher on the stalk, tho' they increas in number—    The indians cultivate it in the following manner—they prepare hills at the distance of about 2½ feet from each other, and leavel the top nearly leaving it somewhat convex.   
  • Winter 1804-1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
September 18, 1803 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • The name may derive from James LeTort (LeTort, James) , an early West Virginia (West Virginia) Indian trader. Opposite is the small community of Letart Falls (Letart Falls, Ohio) , Meigs County (Meigs County, Ohio) , Ohio (Ohio) .
  • September 18, 1803
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether

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