Journals of the
Lewis & Clark Expedition

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Your search returned 234 results from all items Search Only Journals

November 1, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Is it Certain that the ricares (Arikara Indians) intend to make good with us    our wish is to be at peace with all, we will Send a Chief with the pania (Pawnee Indians) Chief and Some young men to Smoke and make good peace—?   
  • November 1, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
Part 5: Missouri River Miscellany - Clark, William
  • The Osage (Osage Indians) , Kansas (Kansa Indians) , Ottoes (Oto Indians) & Missouri (Missouri Indians) , Pania (Pawnee Indians) , Republican (Pawnee Indians, Republican or Kitkahahki) & Loups (Pawnee Indians, Loup or Skiri) , Ayauwais (Iowa Indians) Saukies (Sauk Indians) & Renars (Fox Indians) , Ricaras (Arikara Indians) Mandans (Mandan Indians) , Menatarres (Hidatsa Indians) & Ma har,hars (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) live in Vilages and raise Corn beeen, Semmins &c. artichoaks all except the three latter nations Trade with the merchants from St.
  • Gets all) The Superstitions & Mode of Deposeing the Dead All the nations which I have Seen are Superstitious and have a faboulous tale of their Tredition, but none So much So as the nations high up the Missouri (Missouri River) , The Ricaras (Arikara Indians) Mandans (Mandan Indians) & Minetarras (Hidatsa Indians) have Stones Situated in the plain which they Consult every year for They Say that the See figers on the Stone's early in the morning Emblematical of what is to take place the Suckceeding year—    The Ricaras (Arikara Indians) and the nations below them Cover their Dead with earth    the Mandans (Mandan Indians) and the nations about them Scaffold their dead and pay great Devotion to them after Death, frequently Sacrifice to them, They have Certain Animals &c. which they worship, or view as enspired with asserting power to which they make great Sacrifices of their property, it is not uncommon to thro away to those medisons 10 horses, Robes &c &c—    that they never attend to after.
  • Genl. the old men perform this Service by the derection of the Cheifs In all the languages of the Different nations on the Missouri (Missouri River) maney words are the Same, The Osage (Osage Indians) , Kanzas (Kansa Indians) , Mahars (Omaha Indians) & Poncars (Ponca Indians) speak the Same language with different promouncation and Some words Different    The Pania (Pawnee Indians) , Loups (Pawnee Indians, Loup or Skiri) , Republican (Pawnee Indians, Republican or Kitkahahki) , Pania Pickey (Wichita (Pawnee Pick) Indians) and Ricaras (Arikara Indians) Speake the Same Language with much [Coruptn?]
  • Winter 1804-1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 15, 1806 - Clark, William
  • that he went to war against none and was willing to receive all nations as friends.    he Said that the Ricaras (Arikara Indians) had Stolen from his people a number of horses at different times and his people had killed 2 Ricaras (Arikara Indians) .   
  • that they had also went to war from the Menetarras (Hidatsa Indians) and killeld two Ricaras (Arikara Indians) .    he further informed me that a missunderstanding had taken place between the Mandans (Mandan Indians) & minetarras (Hidatsa Indians) and had verry nearly come to blows about a woman, the Mintarres (Hidatsa Indians) at length presented a pipe and a reconsilliation took place between them Codex N begins with a list, about a page and a half long, of items sent to Washington (Washington D.C.)
  • August 15, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 4, 1804 - Clark, William
  • passed an Island 〈and place〉 on which there was a village (3) of Ricreries (Arikara Indians) in the year 1797.    La hoo-catt (Lahocatt village)   12  
  • October 4, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 27, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • their is about 40 houses or lodges in this village which are built much in the manner of the Rekarees (Arikara Indians) .    we found two or 3 frenchmen    one of them kept a Squaw & had a child by hir which was tollorable white.   
  • October 27, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
Exploring the Explorers: Great Plains Peoples and the the Lewis and Clark Expedition Great Plains Quarterly 13.2 (1993): 81–90
  • Further up river the American party spent five days at the Grand River Arikara villages. Like other river people, the Arikaras had seen white traders and their goods.
  • Pierre-Antoine Tabeau, a French trader well acquainted with the Arikaras, recorded many of those stories. Kakawita, Tabeau's leading informant, reported that Arikaras thought the Americans were on a special vision quest and had encountered terrible monsters along the way.
  • The assembled Indians must have known that the Arikara chief sitting in the council was more than a chance visitor. Now was the time to open the touchy issue of peace between the Arikaras and their Mandan and Hidatsa neighbors.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • JAMES P. RONDA
October 6, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Saw many large round Stones near the middle of the River    passed an old Ricara (Arikara Indians) village of 80 Lodges Picketed in    those lodges in nearly an octagon form, 20 to 60 feet Diameter    Specious [spacious] Covered with earth and as Close as they Can Stand, a number of Skin Canoes in the huts, we found Squashes of 3 different Kinds growing in the Village    Shields (Shields, John) Killed an Elk Close by—    The Magpy is common here, we Camped off the mouth of Otter Creek (Swan (Goodrich's, Otter) Creek) on the S.
  • October 6, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 27, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • This village contains 40 or 50 lodges built in the manner of those of the Rickarees (Arikara Indians) . These Indians have better complexions than most other Indians, and some of the children have fair hair.
  • October 27, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
November 30, 1804 - Clark, William
  • I answered the Speach at Some length, explained to them their Situation declareing our intentions of Defending them at any time dureing the time we Should Stay in ther nieghbourhood, explained the Situation of the Ricaras (Arikara Indians) & told them not to get angrey with them untill they were Certain of their haveing violated the treaty &c. &.
  • November 30, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
March 9, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Tabboe (Tabeau, Pierre-Antoine) informing them the Ricarras (Arikara Indians) of the desire the Mandans (Mandan Indians) had to See them &. &.— Le Borgne (Le Borgne (One Eye)) , or One Eye (Le Borgne (One Eye)) , was easily the most notorious chief—among whites—on the upper Missouri (Missouri River) at this period.
  • March 9, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 31, 1804 - Clark, William
  • S.     25 do To the upper Aricaras (Arikara Indians) Village     64 Lgs to the Mandins (Mandan Indians)     10 to the Wanutaries (Hidatsa Indians)       3 do     160         3     480 miles   1140   1620 In the evening late we gave Mr.
  • Par nar ne Ar par be (Struck by a Ree (Parnarne Arparbe, Pan-dan-apappy)) ( p'anani ap'api (Struck by a Ree (Parnarne Arparbe, Pan-dan-apappy)) ), "struck by the Ree (Arikara Indians) (Struck by a Ree (Parnarne Arparbe, Pan-dan-apappy)) (Arikara (Arikara Indians) )."
  • In Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and Clark's (Clark, William) time the Arikara (Arikara Indians) villages were by no means so widely separated as these figures indicate.
  • August 31, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • On the 21st, a short distance upstream from the Arikara towns, they met three French traders, one of whom, a mere lad, they let join them as an oarsman. From the others they learned that, yes, JoeGravelines had taken an Arikara chief downstream on the keelboat in the spring of 1805, as scheduled.
  • Bad news, but in spite of it the captains were determined to meet Jefferson's instructions by rounding up a few more Arikara chiefs to travel East with them, for the Arikaras occupied strategic sites along the riverbanks and, unless they were turned into allies, could cause trouble to future traders.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
March 12, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • two tails of this bird is esteemed by the Mandans (Mandan Indians) Minetares (Hidatsa Indians) Ricares (Arikara Indians) , &c as the full value of a good horse, or gun and accoutrements. with the Great and little Osages (Osage Indians) and those nations inhabiting countries where this bird is more rare the price is even double of that mentioned. with these feathers the natives decorate the stems of their sacred pipes or callamets (Calumet Indians) ; whence the name, of Callamet Eagle, which has generally obtained among the Engages.    the Ricares (Arikara Indians) have domesticated this bird in many instancies for the purpose of obtaining it's plumage.   
  • March 12, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
October 1, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • passed an old village of the Rick Rees (Arikara Indians) nation on S. S.    passed the Mouth of a large River on the South Side called ashea (Cheyenne River) or dog River (Cheyenne River) , which is about [blank] yards wide    a Great nomber of Sand bars at & near the Mouth (we had Some difficulty to pass)    Some Scattering Timber on the Bottoms about the mouth of this River.   
  • October 1, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
October 11, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • Sailed on at 4 oC.    arived at the 2nd R. Ree (Arikara Indians) village on the Bank of the River S. Side    a handsome place a high Smoth prarie.   
  • October 11, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
October 21, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clarke (Clark, William) saw this tree] (all this is the information of Too ne (Toone) is a whipper will) the Chief of the Ricares (Arikara Indians) who accompanied us to the Mandins (Mandan Indians) , at 2 miles (2) passed the 2nd Villages of the Manden (Mandan Indians) , which was in existance at the Same time with the 1st    this village is at the foot of a hill on the S.
  • October 21, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
February 12, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • the Indians in our neighbourhood are freequently pilfered of their horses by the Recares (Arikara Indians) , Souixs (Sioux Indians) and Assinniboins (Assiniboine Indians) and therefore make it an invariable rule to put their horses in their lodges at night.   
  • February 12, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
North Dakota Quarterly 71.2 (2004): 6–27.
  • They had just completed a five-day sojourn with the Arikara near the mouth of the Grand River. Clark had called them "Durtey, Kind, pore, & extravigent." Clark's African-American slave York had astonished the Arikara with his big blackness, The Big Medicine, Clark thought he heard them say.
  • The Arikara children had followed him around the village, examining him from top to toe, Clark said.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • Clay S. Jenkinson
October 1, 1804 - Clark, William
  • E. verry Cold    Set out early    the wind Still hard    passed a large Island in the middle of the river (1)    opsd. the lower point of this Island the Ricrerees (Arikara Indians) formerly lived in a large Town on the L. S. [NB: remains only a mound circular walls 3 or 4 feet high]    above the head of the Island about 2 miles we passed the (2) River 〈Chien (or Dog River) (Cheyenne River) 〉 [NB: Chayenne (Cheyenne River) ] L.
  • S. which we discovd. to be a Frenchman, a little 〈of〉 [NB: from Shore among] the willows we observed a house, we Call to them to come over, a boy Came in a Canoo & informed that 〈three〉 2 french men were at the house with good to trade with the Seauex (Sioux Indians) which he expected down from the rickerries everry day, Severl large parties of Seauex (Sioux Indians) Set out from the rics (Arikara Indians) for this place to trade with those men—    This Mr.
  • October 1, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 26, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clark 26th of October Friday 1804 Set out early    wind from the S W    proceeded on    Saw numbers of the Mandins (Mandan Indians) on Shore, we Set the Ricare (Arikara Indians) Chief on Shore, and we proceeded on to the Camp of two of their Grand Chiefs where we delayed a fiew minits, with the Chiefs and proceeded on takeing two of their Chiefs on board & Some of the heavy articles of his house hole, Such as earthen pots & Corn, proceeded on, at this Camp Saw a [NB: Mr] McCracken (McCracken, Hugh) Englishmon from the N.
  • October 26, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 31, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clark 31st of October Wednesday 1804 a fine morning, the Chief of the Mandans (Mandan Indians) Sent a 2d Chief to invite us to his Lodge to recive Some Corn & here what he had to Say    I walked down and with great ceremoney was Seeted on a roab by the Side of the Chief, he threw a handsom Roabe over me and after smokeing the pipe with Several old men arround, the Chief Spoke Said he believed what we had told them, and that peace would be general, which not only gave him Satisfaction but all his people, they now Could hunt without fear, & ther womin Could work in the fields without looking everry moment for the Enemey, and put off their mockersons at night, [NB: sign of peace undress] as to the Reares we will Show you that we wish peace with all, and do not make war on any without Cause, that Chief pointing to the 2d and Some brave men will accompy. the Ricare (Arikara Indians) Chief now with you to his village & nation, to Smoke with that people, when you Came up the Indians in the neighbouring Villages, as well as those out hunting when they heard of you had great expectations of reciving presents    they those hunting imediately on hearing returned to the Village and all was Disapointed, and Some Dessatisfied, as to himself he was not much So but his Village was—    he would go and See his great father &c.
  • October 31, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 31, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • "Pan-dan-apappy (Struck by a Ree (Parnarne Arparbe, Pan-dan-apappy)) " or "Pandan, a pappya (Struck by a Ree (Parnarne Arparbe, Pan-dan-apappy)) ," is probably Clark's (Clark, William) "Par nar ne Ar par be (Struck by a Ree (Parnarne Arparbe, Pan-dan-apappy)) " ( p'anani ap'api (Struck by a Ree (Parnarne Arparbe, Pan-dan-apappy)) ), "Struck by the Ree (Arikara Indians) (Struck by a Ree (Parnarne Arparbe, Pan-dan-apappy)) (Arikara (Arikara Indians) )."
  • August 31, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
Part 1: Affluents of the Missouri River - Clark, William
  •   " Antient Ricara (Arikara Indians) Village 42 1322   —   S.
  •   " the 1st Ricara (Arikara Indians) Village   2 1436   —   —   " 2d & 3d Ricara (Arikara Indians) Village   4 1440   —   S.
  • E   " the Old Ricara (Arikara Indians) Village avacuated in the Summer 1798   3 1589   —   S.
  • Winter 1804-1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 16, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • directly after we passed a hunting Camp of the R. Ree (Arikara Indians) nation on N. S.    abo. the camp we Saw a Great nomber of Indians on each side of the River.   
  • October 16, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
October 19, 1804 - Clark, William
  • I also Saw an old Village fortified Situated on the top of a high Point, which the Ricarra (Arikara Indians) Chief tels me were Mandans (Mandan Indians) , we Camped on the L.
  • October 19, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
March 11, 1806 - Clark, William
  • two tails of this bird is esteemed by Mandans (Mandan Indians) , Minnetares (Hidatsa Indians) , Ricaras (Arikara Indians) , &c. as the full value of a good horse, or Gun and accoutrements.   
  • with these feathers the nativs deckerate the Stems of their Sacred pipes or Calumets (Calumet Indians) ; whence the name of Calumet Eagle, which has Generally obtained among the Engages. The Ricaras (Arikara Indians) have domesticated this bird in many instances for the purpose of obtaining its plumage.   
  • March 11, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • This annoyed the Rees, as the Arikaras were often called, who were out of sorts with the Sioux, anyway.
  • A messenger crossed the river, probably in an Indian bullboat, and reported that the entire Arikara nation, or so the captains understood, was coming north to build new towns nearby. Promptly Lewis and Clark dispatched an interpreter over to meet the throng. It turned out there were ten Arikaras, the delegation the Mandans and Hidatsas had requested to come upstream to smoke in amity while discussing the proposed relocation of the Arikara towns.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
September 30, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clark 30th of September Sunday 1804    had not proceeded far before we discovered an Indian running after us, he requstd to go with us to the Ricaras (Arikara Indians) , we refused to take him, I discovered at a great Distanc a great number of men women & Children decending a hill towards the river above which the Chief with us told us was the other Band, Some rain & hard wind    at about 10 oClock we anchored opposit the Camps of this band and told them we took them by the hand, and Sent to each Chief a Carrot of Tobacco & Some to the principal men and farth[er] Said that after Staying with the band below 2 days to See them we had been badly treated and Should not land again, as we had not time to Delay—    refured then to Mr.
  • September 30, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 6, 1804 - Clark, William
  • passed an old village of the Rickorreis (Arikara Indians) at the Comst. of this Course (2) N. 40° W.   2 〈½〉 miles the mouth of Beaver Otter Creek (Swan (Goodrich's, Otter) Creek) on the S.
  • October 6, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 1, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark April 1st 1805    we have Thunder lightning hail and rain to day    the first rain of note Sinc the 15 of October last, I had the Boat Perogus & Canos put in the water, and expect to Set off the boat with despatches    in her will go 6 Americans 3 frenchmen, and perhaps Several ricarra (Arikara Indians) Chief imediately after we Shall assend in 2 perogus & 6 canoes, accompanied by 5 french who intends to assend a Short distance to trap the beavr which is in great abundance highr up    our party will consist of one Interpter & Hunter, one French man as an interpreter with his two wives (this man Speaks Minetary (Hidatsa Indians) to his wives who are L hiatars (Shoshone Indians) or Snake (Shoshone Indians) Indians of the nations through which we Shall pass, and to act as interpretress thro him[)]—    26 americans & french my servant (York) and an Mandan (Mandan Indians) Indian and provisions for 4 months— Clark (Clark, William) seems to have no entries for March 31, 1805, in either his Field Notes or Codex C, probably due to his misdating of the last few days in March.
  • April 1, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 20, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark "So-So-ne (Shoshone Indians) " the Snake (Shoshone Indians) Indians August 20th Tuesday 1805 Set out at half past 6 oClock and proceeded on (met maney parties of Indians) thro' a hilley Countrey to the Camp of the Indians on a branch of the Columbia River (Columbia River) , before we entered this Camp a Serimonious hault was requested by the Chief and I Smoked with all that Came around for Several pipes, we then proceeded on to the Camp & I was introduced into the only Lodge they had which was pitched in the Center for my party all the other Lodges made of bushes, after a fiew Indian Seremonies I informed the Indians the object of our journey our good intention towards them my consern for their distressed Situation, what we had done for them in makeing a piece with the Minitarras (Hidatsa Indians) Mandans (Mandan Indians) Rickara (Arikara Indians) &c. for them—.    and requested them all to take over their horses & assist Capt Leiwis (Lewis, Meriwether) across &c.   
  • August 20, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
September 12, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • Gravveleen (Gravelines, Joseph) took a chief of the Rickarees (Arikara Indians) on to the Seat of government & he died their and Mr.
  • September 12, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
Weather, October 1804 - Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
  • .—   5th slight white frost last night—    brant & geese passing to South   6th frost as last night    saw teal, mallard, & Gulls large.   8th arrived at Recare (Arikara Indians) vilage, visited the Chief on the Island   9th wind blew hard this morning drove the boat from her anker, came to Shore, some brant & geese passing to the south, 〈spoke to them recares (Arikara Indians) 〉   10th had the mill erected    shewed the savages its operation, spoke to them shot my airgun.   
  • October 31, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
July 11, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • I have also been informed by the engages that the Panis (Pawnee Indians) and Ricaras (Arikara Indians) give the same account of the Black mountains (Black Hills) which lye West of them.   
  • July 11, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
Lewis & Clark among the Indians 9. The Way Home
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
October 27, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Dak.)) trading post, in 1845. The Arikaras (Arikara Indians) joined them there and the defensive alliance of the three tribes, proposed by Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and Clark (Clark, William) , was finally consummated.
  • October 27, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 12, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • On his journey downriver in the spring, he barely escaped the hostility of the Arikaras (Arikara Indians) . Thereafter he remained in Illinois (Illinois) and became a highly respectable citizen, having "got religion" as a result of his suffering in the Rockies (Rocky Mountains) .
  • August 12, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
Names 52:3 (September 2004):163–237 Copyright 2004 by The American Name Society 163
  • A name given by L & C to the Arapaho; derived from Arikara /tUhkanIhná:wiš/ 'gray stone village' (HNAI 13:860; JL CE 3:423).
  • L & C's name for the Heart River (ND, Morton Co.); from Arikara /čisčĭ́ta/ 'fork (of a river)' (JL CE 3:190, 362, 381; 7:343 n.7).
  • No etymology is known. La hoo catt . An Arikara village, now inundated by Oahe Reservoir (SD, Stanley Co.); from the name of an Arikara band, /NahuukaátA/ (JL CE 3:143, 144 n.5; 8:398).
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • William Bright
September 30, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Set out this morning early    had not proceeded on far before we discovered an Indn. running after us, he came up with us at 7 oClock & requested to come on bord and go up to the recorees (Arikara Indians)    we refused to take any of that band on board    if he chose to proceed on Shore it was verry well   Soon after I discovered on the hills at a great distance great numbers of Indians which appeared to be makeing to the river above us, we proceeded on under a Double reafed Sail, & Some rain    at 9 oClock observed a large band of Indians the Same which I had before Seen on the hills incamping on the bank 〈of〉 the L.
  • September 30, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 20, 1806 - Clark, William
  • [NB: Scioux (Sioux Indians) boundary to which they claim the country]    Saw great number of wolves on the bank Some Buffalow & Elk, tho' not so abundant as near the River Rochejhone (Yellowstone River) . passed the place where we left the last encampment of Ricaras (Arikara Indians) in the fall 1804 and encamped on a Sandbar from the N.
  • August 20, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
Lewis & Clark among the Indians Bibliography
  • The Leavenworth Site: Archaeology of an Historic Arikara Community. University of Kansas Publications in Anthropology, no. 3. (1972).
  • Hyde Hyde, George E. The Mystery of the Arikaras. North Dakota History 18 (1951): 187–218; 19 (1952): 25–58. Jackson Jackson, Donald.
  • Parks Parks, Douglas R. Bands and Villages of the Arikara and Pawnee. Nebraska History 60 (1979): 214–39. Ray Ray, Verne F.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
Part 3: Botanical Collections - Vaughan
  • Specimen of Tobacco the Indians cultivate called Ricaras (Arikara Indians) Tobacco—    at the Ricares (Arikara Indians) Town 46.
  • a few Insects The Corolla of the Indian Tobacco as prepared for the purpoe of Smoking by the Mandans (Mandan Indians) , Ricaras (Arikara Indians) , Minetares (Hidatsa Indians) & Ahwahhaways (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) , in this State it is mixed with a small quantity of Buffaloes Tallow, previous to charging the pipe—    It is esteemed a great delicacy among these people, they dispose of it to their neighbors the Assinouboins (Assiniboine Indians) & others who visit them for the purpose of Traffick from whom they obtain a high price— BOTANICAL IDENTIFICATIONS Voucher Number 1804 Dates Approximate Location Current Scientific and Common Names 1 May 10 St.
  • (narrow leaf purple coneflower) 102 undated unknown 103 (same as 48) undated Psoralea argophylla Pursh (silver-leaf scurf pea) 104 (same as 49) undated Juniperus horizontalis Moench (creeping juniper) 105 undated Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh (Indian tobacco) 106 undated Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh (Indian tobacco) 107 undated possibly Nicotiana rustica L. var. pumila Schrank (small Arikara tobacco) 108 undated Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh (Indian tobacco)
  • Winter 1804-1805
  • Journals
  • Vaughan
Lewis & Clark among the Indians 5. Lewis and Clark as Plains Ethnographers
  • Second, they collected objects—everything from Arikara corn and tobacco seeds to a Mandan buffalo skin painting. Third, they reported what could be concluded from firsthand observation.
  • In March 1805, Lewis had the chance to observe French trader Joseph Gravelines demonstrate an important Indian industrial process: the intricate means Arikara craftsmen used to make glass beads. The Frenchman indicated that the Arikaras learned the skill from Shoshoni prisoners, but Tabeau heard from his Arikara friends that the process came to them from a "Spanish prisoner," perhaps an Indian held captive somewhere in the Southwest and traded up to the Grand River villages.
  • On a large buffalo skin a Mandan artist had portrayed in vivid detail a 1797 battle between Arikara- Sioux raiders and Mandan-Hidatsa warriors. Warfare was further represented by a Mandan bow and quiver of arrows.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
Part 3: Botanical Collections - Lewis, Meriwether
  • they begin to blume in the month of [blank] and continue untill the first frost;—during the full blume of the flower they pluck the carrallar together with the flower and discarding the latter suffer the former to dry in the shade when perfectly dryed it resembles at first view the green tea and in that state it is smoked by the indians and I found it very pleasent—    it dose not affect the nerves in the same manner that the tobacco cultivated in the U' S. dose—    The smaller species of this plant differs but little from this just discribed—    it is cultivated in the same manner and bears a flower like the other only smaller—    the only difference is the form of the leaf, which is larger (say) 4 times the size and ovate—    they dry this on sticks and use it in that manner    it is reather stronger than the large kind and is seldom made into carrots by the Recares (Arikara Indians) .— ☞ it is worthy of remark that the recares never use sperituous liquors.
  • (Tabeau, Pierre-Antoine) wished to laugh at him & would give him a knife or breech-coloth or something of that kind he would take a glass but not otherwise.— The mention of seeds of two varieties of tobacco cultivated by the Arikaras (Arikara Indians) has not been entirely resolved. Voucher 105 is the seed of the larger tobacco variety and 107 is the seed of the smaller variety.
  • This is important primary evidence that two different species of tobacco were cultivated by the Arikaras. Cf. Gilmore (UPI), 61–62; Gilmore (SCAT), 480–81. Unfortunately, Lewis did not collect a specimen of this smaller species.
  • Winter 1804-1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
September 23, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • miles   From Mandans (Mandan Indians) to a old Ricara (Arikara Indians) village 20        Chiss cheter    River (Heart (Ches-che-tar and similar spellings) River) 38—   58      Fish Creek (Fish Creek (Idaho County, Idaho)) 35        Cannon ball R (Cannonball (Bullet) River)   5        Wann na car ne R (Beaver (War-re-con-nee, Wardepon) Creek (Emmons County, N.
  • Dak.)) 40   To [Rictars?] (Arikara Indians) village 18— 111 To We-ter-hoo—R (Grand (We-tar-hoo and similar spellings) River (S.
  • September 23, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
November 12, 1804 - Clark, William
  • [nation] they lived in friendship maney years, inhabiting the Same neighbourhood untill that people waged war, They moved up near the watersoons (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) & winataree (Hidatsa Indians) where they now live in peace with those nations, the mandans Specke a language peculial to themselves 〈verry much〉 they can rase about 350 men, the Winatarees (Hidatsa Indians) [NB: 〈or〉 the 〈600, 700〉 Wittassoons (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) or Maharha (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) 80] about 80 and the Big bellies (Hidatsa Indians) [NB: or Minitarres (Hidatsa Indians) ] about 600 or 650 men. the mandans (Mandan Indians) and Seauex (Sioux Indians) [X: 〈Shoe (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) Tribe of Minataras (Hidatsa Indians) 〉] have the Same word for water—    The Big bellies (Hidatsa Indians) [NB: or] Winitarees (Hidatsa Indians) & ravin [NB: & Wattassoons (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) , as also the Crow (Crow Indians) (or Raven (Crow Indians) )] Indians Speake nearly the Same language and the presumption is they were origionally the Same nation    The Ravin (Crow Indians) Indians "have 400 Lodges & about 1200 men, & follow the Buffalow, or hunt for their Subsistance in the plains & on the Court noi (Black Hills) & Rock Mountains (Rocky Mountains) , & are at war with the Sioux (Sioux Indians) Snake (Paiute Indians) Indians["] The Big bellies (Hidatsa Indians) & Watersoons (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) are at war with the Snake (Paiute Indians) Indians & Seauex (Sioux Indians) , and were at war with the Ricares (Arikara Indians) untill we made peace a fiew days passd.—    The Mandans (Mandan Indians) are at War with all who make war on them, at present with the Seauex (Sioux Indians) only, and wish to be at peace with all nations, Seldom the agressors— Probably venereal disease, about which they would be more frank in later entries.
  • November 12, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 25, 1806 - Clark, William
  • dreyer (Drouillard, George) killed a deer after we encamped. a little above our encampmt. the ricaras (Arikara Indians) had formerly a large village on each Side which was destroyed by the Seioux (Sioux Indians) .   
  • August 25, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
July 17, 1806 - Clark, William
  • Thomas James (James, Thomas) describes one used by Crows (Crow Indians) on the Yellowstone (Yellowstone River) in 1810, and Henry Brackenridge (Brackenridge, H. M.) mentions an Arikara (Arikara Indians) one in 1811. Ewers (ILUM), 117–30; James, 49; Brackenridge (Brackenridge, H.
  • July 17, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 26, 1806 - Clark, William
  • I observed a buffalow Skin Canoe lying on the S Shore and a Short distance lower a raft which induces me to Suspect that the Tetons (Sioux Indians, Teton) are not on the Missouri at the big bend (Missouri River, Big Bend of the) as we were informed by the Ricaras (Arikara Indians) , but up the Teton river (Bad (Teton) River (S. Dak.)) .   
  • August 26, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 1, 1804 - Clark, William
  • E. all last night, Set out early    passed a large Island in the middle of the river    opposit this Island the Ricaras (Arikara Indians) lived in 2 Villages on the S W. Side, about 2 Miles above the upper point of the Island the Chyenne River (Cheyenne River) Coms in on the L.
  • October 1, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William

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