Journals of the
Lewis & Clark Expedition

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January 5, 1806 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • they had killed 3 elk & 2 Deer.    They told us that the Indians had brought a vast Quantity of the Whale, which they Informed us of, to their Indian Village; and that the Natives eat the Oil made from the whales flesh, & that they had eat of it & that it was very good.—    These Men brought part of the Whale with them, which they got from the Indians Colter (Colter, John) , say the captains.
  • January 5, 1806
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
May 19, 1806 - Gass, Patrick
  • We had a cloudy wet morning. The old Indian and his wife staid all night and got more medicine. A party of the men went to some Indian lodges about four miles up the river to buy roots; and in the afternoon returned with a good many of them.
  • We got another of our old stock of horses; and have now all we left except three; two of which the old Snake (Shoshone Indians) guide took with him. At dark two of our hunters came in but had not killed any thing.
  • May 19, 1806
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
The Salish People and the Lewis and Clark Expedition Excerpt 7
  • Excerpt 7 As Mitch Smallsalmon told us: Of course, long ago the Indian people lived all over here and were happy…You know, that's how things were for the Indians long ago.
  • Lewis and Clark, like many early non-Indian visitors, did not realize that the tribes were practicing one of the most sustainable ways of life the world had ever known.
  • N.D.
  • Multimedia
  • Salish Pend d'Oreille Culture Committee and Elders Cultural Advisory Council, Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes
October 10, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • Then a thick coat of Earth &.C—    except the chimney hole which Goes out at center & top—    they Raise considerable of Indian corn, beans pumkins Squasshes water millons a kind of Tobacco &.C. &.C.   
  • A good, brief description of a typical earth lodge of the village Indians of the Missouri River (Missouri River) and adjacent regions.
  • Indian tobacco is Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh. Pierre-Antoine Tabeau (Tabeau, Pierre-Antoine) .
  • October 10, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
March 22, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark 22nd of March 1805    Visited by the 2nd Chief of the Grand Village of the Minetarrees (Hidatsa Indians) to whome we gave a medal & Some Clothes acknowledging him as a 2d Chief, he Delayed all night, & Saw the men Dance, which is common amusement with the men    he returned the 23rd with Mr.
  • Companys Clerks—    Some few Drops of rain this evening for the first time this Winter    visited by many Indians to day— The date is in red ink with some overwriting of usual ink. The Codex C entry (misdated March 23) refers to "the 2d Chief of the Big Bellies (Hidatsa Indians) , the white wolf (White Wolf) and many other Minataries (Hidatsa Indians) ," making it unclear whether the second chief and White Wolf (White Wolf) are the same or not.
  • March 22, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 31, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • we had to hall them in that way past 2 of the worst rapids    then took them a half a mile below, where we intend loading which will make the portage in all only about one mile, but a verry bad one.    in the evening 2 Indian canoes came to our Camp    5 Indians in them which were going down the River tradeing with fish &c.
  • We proceeded on with 2 of our Canoes on Rollers at a time; over high Rocks, by main strenghth hawling them all the way, which was about ½ Miles & passed two of the worst Rapids, & went about half a mile further below them, at which place we intend loading the Canoes again, making the whole of the Portage to be only about 1 Mile—    and all this way bad Road.    In the Evening 2 indian Canoes came to our Camp.    They had 5 Indians in them, & were going down the River in Order to trade away fish &ca. which their Canoes were loaded with
  • October 31, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
July 5, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • we delayed about 3 hours and proceed on over the hills    towards evening we came to the Smooth plains where we Saw the 1st flat heads (Flathead Indians) or Tus e paw (Flathead Indians) last year as we passd down.   
  • From there they reached Ross, or Ross's, Hole (Ross's Hole) , near Sula (Sula, Mont.) , where they had met the Flatheads (Flathead Indians) , or Salish (Flathead Indians) , on September 4, 1805. They camped on Camp Creek (Camp Creek (Ravalli County, Mont.))
  • July 5, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
Images from the Gallery of the Open Frontier
  • Indian encampments
  • Indian agencies
  • N.D.
  • Images
December 12, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • Ordway Thersday 12th Decr. 1805.    a number of the Clatsop Indians visited us.    we finished raiseing one line of our huts. Including Coboway (Coboway) , a Clatsop (Clatsop Indians) leader, according to Clark (Clark, William) .
  • December 12, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
February 12, 1806 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • Whitehouse Wednesday Febry 12th    This day was rainey & wet, An Indian came to our fort & staid during last night; this Indian sold one of our Men a Sea otter skin.   
  • February 12, 1806
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
July 14, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • wintered 2 years & traded with the Zotteaus (Oto Indians) & paunies (Pawnee Indians) .    proceeded on    passed a handsome Sand beach on the South Side, where we Saw three large Elk the first wild ones I ever Saw.
  • again, who traded with Oto (Oto Indians) and Pawnee (Pawnee Indians) Indians. Cervus elaphus.
  • July 14, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
September 28, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • When we went to shove off, some of the Indians took hold of the rope and would not let it go. This conduct had like to be attended with bad consequences, as Captain Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) was near giving orders to cut the rope and to fire on them.
  • We proceeded 4 miles, and then saw an Indian following us along the beach, when Captain Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) went in a periogue and brought him on board. He informed us that 300 more Indians had come to their camp, and desired we should stop and talk with them.
  • September 28, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
August 21, 1805 - Gass, Patrick
  • About 7 o'clock in the morning we continued our journey down the valley, and came to a few lodges of Indians where our guide lives. We remained here about two hours, during which time a number of Indians passed us, going to fish. We proceeded on the way the Indians had gone; and one of our men went with them to the fishing place.
  • The man who had remained behind at the first village and the other who had gone with the Indians to their fishing place, both joined us here. The Indians gave them five salmon to bring to us: and he that had stayed for a horse, brought one with him.
  • August 21, 1805
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
August 27, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) gave one to the head chief and one to the next.    the [Indians] hoisted them also. Capt. Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) Settled & paid off the Indian women who helped us over the divideing mountain, then began to trade with the natives for horses.    our Intrepter bought one for a red cloak    the Indian women are mostly employed githering and drying Seeds & roots for food.   
  • they were verry merry but did not dance So regular as the Indians on the Missourie (Missouri River) .    their women Sang with them, but did not dance any    they tell us that Some of their horses will dance but they have not brought them out yet.   
  • August 27, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
August 30, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • .—    We got all the loads for the horses ready.—    The Indian guide (Old Toby) , which our officers had engaged to go with us, from the Indians we are among; informed us, that we could go a Road which would be smooth & which went to the Southward, but that we should be two days, without water, & that there was no game to be met with on that Route,—    but that he would show us a hilly rough road, which went over the mountains, to the North of the Columbia River (Columbia River) , which would take us in 15 days to Salt water, or in 10 days to a large fork of the Columbia River (Columbia River) ; which would be navigable for Canoes.—    Our Officers concluded to take the last mentioned Road—    A party of the Snake (Shoshone Indians) Indians that we were with, set out with their Horses to go over on the Mesouri (Missouri River) after Buffalo, about 1 o'Clock P.
  • We proceeded on down this little River bottom, & crossed several spring runs, and passed by several old Indian Camps or lodges.—    We came about 10 Miles & encamped in a bottom, which lay near the River—
  • August 30, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
October 20, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • we proceeded on    passed a great nomber of Indian Camps, where they had abundance of fish hung on Scaffels to dry.   
  • M. we came to where, there was a very large Camp of Indians, laying on the point of an Island.    We halted to dine at that place.    We purchased from those Indians, several small articles & saw among them some articles which 〈they〉 must have been originally purchased from white people.   
  • October 20, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
November 27, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark Wednesday 27th November 1805 Rained all the last night and this morning it Continues moderately— at day light 3 Canoes and 11 Indians Came from the Village with roots mats, Skins &c. to Sell, they asked Such high prices that we were unable to purchase any thing of them, as we were about to Set out missed one of our axes which was found under an Indians roab    I smamed [NB: Shamed] this fellow verry much and told them they should not proceed with us—    we proceded on between maney Small Islands passing a Small river of [blank] yds wide which the Indians Call—[NB: Kekemar〈qu〉ke] and around a verry remarkable point which projects about 1½ Miles directly towards the Shallow bay (Grays (Shallow) Bay)    the isthmus which joins it to the main land is not exceding 50 yards and about 4 Miles around.    we call this Point William (Tongue Point (Point William)) below this point the waves became So high we were Compelled to land unload and traw up the Canoes, here we formed a Camp on the neck of Land which joins Point William (Tongue Point (Point William)) to the main at an old indian hut. The rain Continued hard all day we are all Wet and disagreeable.   
  • The term is from the Chinook (Chinook Indians) language; its phonetic form is uncertain but may be kigimax̣ix.
  • November 27, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 3, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • as the party with me were now but weak and the Indians constantly crouding about our camp, I thought it best to send a few men to dry the meat on the other side of the river; accordingly Sergt Pryor (Pryor, Nathaniel Hale) and two men returned with Jos.
  • I have had no account as yet from the party below the entrance of Quicksand river (Sandy (Quicksand) River) . The Indians continued to visit us today in considerable numbers    most of them were decending the river with their families.   
  • he found the entrance of the large river of which the Indians had informed us, just at the upper part of wappetoe Island (Sauvie (Wapato) Island) .   
  • April 3, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
November 5, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • We passed a number of large Islands for the distance of 10 Miles, and then went by the largest Indian Village that we had yet seen on this River; This village lay on the South side of the River.    The Cabbins in this Village all joined, and the Indians belonging to this Village, had a great number of Canoes.    Some of the Indians from this Village, came out with their Canoes in the River to us; & wanted to Trade us Elk skins, for Muskets, or Guns of any kind, but our Officers refused, we having not more Rifles than what we wanted.   
  • The captains called it El-lal-lar (Deer (E-lal-lar) Island) or Deer Island (Deer (E-lal-lar) Island) ; it is still Deer Island (Deer (E-lal-lar) Island) , Columbia County (Columbia County, Oreg.) , Oregon (Oregon) . The Indians of this day are the Cathlapotles (Cathlapotle Indians) .
  • November 5, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
December 29, 1805 - Clark, William
  • W. near the Kil a mox (Tillamook Indians) N. and that the greater part of the Clat Sops (Clatsop Indians) were gorn for the oile & blubber, the wind proves too high for us to proceed by water to See this monster, Capt Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) has been in readiness Since we first heard of the whale to go and see it and collect Some of its Oil, the wind has proved too high as yet for him to proceed—    this evining a young Chief 4 Men and 2 womin of the War ci a cum (Wahkiakum Indians) Nation arrived, and offered for Sale Dressed Elk Skins and Wap pa to, the Chief made us a preasent of about ½ a bushel of those roots.   
  • The flees are So noumerous and hard to get rid of; that the Indians have different houses which they resort to occasionally, not withstanding all their precautions they never Step into our house without leaveing Sworms of those tormenting insects; and they torment us in Such a manner as to deprive us of half the nights Sleep frequently—    the first of those insects which we saw on the Columbian (Columbia River) waters was at the Canoe portage at the great falls (Columbia River, Great Falls of the) .
  • Here appears another sketch of the conical Indian hat, with dimensions. From this point to the words "homely generally," a vertical line runs through the writing.
  • December 29, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
March 22, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • carried their baggage with them.    6 men Sent out a hunting.    a number of the Clatsop Indians (Clatsop Indians) visited us    Sold us a dog & Some Small dry fish and Some fancy Hats &C.   
  • Clarks (Clark, William) Black man York (York) .—    At the Mandans (Mandan Indians) Toussaint Sharbono (Charbonneau, Toussaint) and his Indian woman (Sacagawea) & child (Charbonneau, Jean Baptiste) joined as Interpreters and Interpretess to the Snake Indians (Shoshone Indians) .   
  • March 22, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
June 28, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) weighed the water of the Two rivers    The Missouries (Missouri River) 78° The Kansais (Kansas (Decaugh, Kaw) River) 72°    〈The Weight is〉    To Describe the most probable of the various accounts of this great river of the Kansas (Kansas (Decaugh, Kaw) River) , would be too lengthy & uncertain to insert here, it heads with the river Del Norid in the black Mountain or ridge which Divides the waters of the Kansas (Kansas (Decaugh, Kaw) River) Del Nord (Rio Grande del Norte) , & Callarado (Colorado River) & oppsoitly from those of the Missoureis (Missouri River) (and not well assertaind)    This River recves its name from a nation (Kansa Indians) which dwells at this time on its banks & 2 villages one about 20 Leagues & the other 40 Leagues up, those Indians are not verry noumerous at this time, reduced by war with their neighbours, &c.    they formerly liveid on the South banks of the Missouries (Missouri River) 24 Leagues above this river in a open & butifull plain and were verry noumerous at the time the french first Settled the Illinois (Illinois) , I am told they are a fierce & warlike people, being badly Supplied with fire arms, become easily conquered by the Aiauway (Iowa Indians) (Iowa Indians) & Saukees (Sauk Indians) who are better furnished with those materials of war, This nation is now out in the plains hunting the Buffalow [NB: They consist of about 300 men]    our hunters Killed Several Deer and Saw Buffalow, men impd Dressing Skins & makeing themselves Comfortable, the high lands Coms to the river Kanses (Kansas (Decaugh, Kaw) River) on the upper Side at about a mile, full in view, and a butifull place for a fort, good landing place, the waters of the Kansas (Kansas (Decaugh, Kaw) River) is verry disigreeably tasted to me.
  • Although there are a number of known Kansa (Kansa Indians) villages on the Kansas River (Kansas (Decaugh, Kaw) River) in the area noted, the identity of the two villages has yet to be determined.
  • June 28, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 13, 1804 - Clark, William
  • S. 18 miles above the Ricaras (Arikara Indians) I call Stone Ido[l] Creek (Spring (Stone Idol) Creek (Campbell County, S.
  • Named after the second Arikara (Arikara Indians) chief; later Hunkpapa Creek (Hunkpapa (Pocasse) Creek) , in Corson County (Corson County, S. Dak.) , South Dakota (South Dakota) , named after a Teton (Sioux Indians, Teton) Sioux (Sioux Indians) division. Just above the mouth of the creek Manuel Lisa (Lisa, Manuel) later erected his trading post, Fort Manuel (Fort Manuel (S.
  • October 13, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 18, 1804 - Clark, William
  • We met 2 french men in a perogue Desending from hunting, & complained of the Mandans (Mandan Indians) robing them of 4 Traps ther fur & Seeveral othr articles    Those men were in the imploy of our Ricaree (Arikara Indians) interpeter Mr.
  • S. passing over a Sand bar   13   ☞ The ricara (Arikara Indians) Indians inform us that they find no black tail Deer as high up as this place, those we find are of the fallow Deer Kind ☞ The Ricarei (Arikara Indians) are not fond of Spiritous liquers, nor do they apper to be fond of receiveing any or thank full for it [NB: they say we are no friends or we would not give them what makes them fools.]
  • It is not clear whether these refer to natural features or remains of Indian villages. They may be poor translations of French or Indian names or Evans's (Evans, John Thomas) own inventions.
  • October 18, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 30, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • cloudy.    we bought 3 dogs of the Indians, and Set out about 7 oClock and proceeded on.    the river verry Strait and wide.   
  • A number of our party went to this Indian Village, & the Indians treated them in a very friendly manner, & gave them the best they had to eat.   
  • We came about 15 Miles this day, & encamped between the Indian Village & the falls.    The Rain continued the greater part of this night.— Yehuhs (Yehuh Indians) , a Chinookan-language people of whom little is known.
  • October 30, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
January 15, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Had a large coat completed out of the skins of the Tiger Cat and those also of a small animal about the size of a squirrel not known to me; these skins I procured from the Indians who had previously dressed them and formed them into robes; it took seven of these robes to complete the coat.   
  • no occurrence worthy of relation took place today.— The implyments used by the Chinnooks (Chinook Indians) Clatsops (Clatsop Indians) Cuth-lah-mahs (Cathlamet Indians) &c in hunting are the gun the bow & arrow, deadfalls, pitts, snares, and spears or gigs; their guns are usually of an inferior quality being oald refuse American & brittish Musquits which have been repared for this trade. there are some very good peices among them, but they are invariably in bad order; they apear not to have been long enouh accustomed to fire arms to understand the management of them.   
  • their gig consists of two points or barbs and are the same in their construction as those discribed before as being common among the Indians on the upper part of this river.    their pits are employed in taking the Elk, and of course are large and deep, some of them a cube of 12 or 14 feet. these are usually placed by the side of a large fallen tree which as well as the pit lye across the roads frequented by the Elk.   
  • January 15, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
March 24, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • M. we arrived at the Cathlahmah (Cathlamet Indians) village where we halted and purchased some wappetoe, a dog for the sick, and a hat for one of the men.   
  • this Cathlahmah (Cathlamet Indians) claimed the small canoe which we had taken from the Clatsops (Clatsop County, Oreg.) .   
  • we continued our rout along the South side of the river and encamped at an old village of 9 houses opposite to the lower Wackkiacum (Wahkiakum Indians) village.    the night was cold tho' wood was abundant after dark two Chinnook (Chinook Indians) men came to us in a small canoe.   
  • March 24, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
May 29, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • we took a light breakfast    Frazer (Frazer, Robert) got 2 Spanish mill dollars from a squaw for an old razer    we expect they got them from the Snake Indians (Shoshone Indians) who live near the Spanish country to the South.   
  • Gass (Gass, Patrick) elaborates on this incident in his entry of June 2, 1806, saying that the coins came from the neck of a dead Shoshone Indian (Shoshone Indians) whom the Nez Perces (Nez Perce Indians) had killed some time before.
  • It may represent the Nez Perce (Nez Perce Indians) term 'ápa "cous cake." Aoki, Nez Perce (Nez Perce Indians) Dictionary, 973.
  • May 29, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
July 3, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Sent out the hunters    they killed three deer gave the indians half.    the musqutoes troublesome built fires for our horses.   
  • I fell in the water and wet the chronome- ter.    we made three rafts.    indians express great ap- prehension with rispect to the Minetares (Hidatsa Indians) .    saw the fresh track of a horse in the main road which leads up this river which the indians supposed to be the Shalees (Flathead Indians) . Took leave of Capt.
  • July 3, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
May 4, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Nickwall (Indian Fort) Creek
  • Apparently a description of a Blackfeet (Blackfeet Indians) war lodge, a structure which served Blackfeet (Blackfeet Indians) war parties as a fortification, shelter from the weather, base for scouting, supply base, and a place to leave messages. From this structure, Clark (Clark, William) named "Indian Fort Creek (Nickwall (Indian Fort) Creek) ." Antelope (Nickwall (Indian Fort) Creek) , or later Nickwall (Nickwall (Indian Fort) Creek) , Creek in McCone County (McCone County, Mont.) , Montana (Montana) .
  • May 4, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
May 22, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • permited Windsor (Windsor, Richard) and McNeal (McNeal, Hugh) to go to the indian village. Sergt. Ordway (Ordway, John) and Goodrich (Goodrich, Silas) returned this morning with a good store of roots and bread. about noon 2 indian men came down the river on a raft and continued at our camp about 3 hours and returned to their village.   
  • M. we observed a large party of Indians on horseback in pursuit of a deer which they ran into the river opposite to our camp; Capt.
  • they also brought with them two red salmon trout which they had purchased from some indians whom they had met with on their return to camp.—    Two Indians who were just arrived at our camp informed us that these salmon trout remained in this river the greater part of the winter, that they were not good at this season which we readily discovered, they were very meagre. these indians also informed us that there were at this time a great number of salmon at no great distance from hence in Lewis's river (Snake (Ki-moo-e-nim, Lewis's, Southeast Branch of Columbia) River) which had just arrived and were very fat and fine, they said it would be some yet before they would ascend this river as high as this place.   
  • May 22, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
July 28, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • but found it was not much difference from the Mouth of Morriah (Marias River)    they then Set off on their return the day before yesterday and met with eight of the Grousevauntaus (Hidatsa Indians) Indians with bows & arrows and 2 guns.   
  • Reuben (Field, Reubin) overhalled him caught hold of the 2 guns had his knife drawn & as he Snatched away the guns perced his knife in to the Indians heart    he drew but one breath    the wind of his breath followed the knife & he fell dead    they all Seased their arms from the Indians and took one of the Indn. guns and all their bows and arrows and their Shields which they were on their backs at war.   
  • The term was usually applied to the Hidatsa (Hidatsa Indians) or Atsina (Atsina Indians) Indians but in this case represents Piegan Blackfeet (Blackfeet Indians, Piegan) .
  • July 28, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
Images from the Gallery of the Open Frontier
  • Peso, Essa-queta 75-bae-2581a Collection: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs—William S. Soule Photographs of Arapaho, Cheyenna, Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache Indians Photographer: William S.
  • N.D.
  • Images
January 3, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark 3rd of January Thursday 1805 Soome Snow to day; 8 men go to hunt the buffalow, killed a hare & wolf Several Indians visit us to day & a Gross Ventre (Hidatsa Indians) came after his wife, who had been much abused, & come here for Protection.
  • January 3, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
March 6, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • Several of the Grossvantares (Hidatsa Indians) Savages Stayed with us last night.    a nomber of the Mandanes (Mandan Indians) came this morning with corn.   
  • March 6, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
March 10, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • a nomber of the Grossvantares (Hidatsa Indians) called the bigbelleys (Hidatsa Indians) Stayed with us all last night.
  • March 10, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
March 18, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • Cloudy.    2 men came down from the peerogues for provisions.    2 men went up to Grossvantares (Hidatsa Indians) . Capt. Clark (Clark, William) went to packing up the Indian Goods—    2 men with him—
  • March 18, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
March 17, 1806 - Gass, Patrick
  • Drouillard (Drouillard, George) purchased it from Cathlamet Indians (Cathlamet Indians) with Lewis's (Lewis, Meriwether) coat.
  • March 17, 1806
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
April 14, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Bear Den (Charbonneau's, Indian) Creek
  • Bear Den (Charbonneau's, Indian) Creek
  • Ground water often acquires an oily sheen after passing through beds of lignite coal. Formerly Indian, now Bear Den, Creek (Bear Den (Charbonneau's, Indian) Creek) , entering the Missouri (Missouri River) near the Dunn (Dunn County, N.
  • April 14, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
August 11, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • I kept McNeal (McNeal, Hugh) with me; after having marched in this order for about five miles I discovered an Indian on horse back about two miles distance coming down the plain toward us.   
  • we now set out on the track of the horse hoping by that means to be lead to an indian camp, the trail of inhabitants of which should they abscond we should probably be enabled to pursue to the body of the nation to which they would most probably fly for safety.   
  • It is quite possible that at this time the Shoshones (Shoshone Indians) had no specific term for "white man," having had no experiences with whites.
  • August 11, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
November 4, 1805 - Clark, William
  • the Indians make Signs that a village is Situated back of those Islands on the Lard.
  • I Saw a Brarow tamed at the 1st village to day    The Indians which we have passd to day [NB: in their boats were of] of the Scil-loot (Watlala Indians) nation [NB: going up to the falls.   
  • Designated "Sha-hala N. (Watlala Indians) " on Atlas map 79, evidently a part of the Upper Chinookan-language Watlalas (Watlala Indians) .
  • November 4, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
May 14, 1804 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • There is also another root found in mashey lands or ponds which is much used by the Kickapoos (Kickapoo Indians) Chipaways (Chippewa Indians) and any other nations as an article of food    it is called by the Chipeways (Chippewa Indians) Moc-cup-pin    this in it's unprepared state is not only disagreeable to the taste but even dangerous to be taken even in a small quantity; in this state it acts as a powerfull aemetic.   
  • Ives Goddard III gives the Chippewa (Chippewa Indians) word as waabiziipin, signifying "swan tuber." See also Smith (EOI), 396, who refers to a species other than Nelumbo lutea. Apios americana Medic., Indian potato, ground nut, potato-bean. It grows on the banks of streams and floodplains and "is the true pomme de terre of the French and the modo or wild potato of the Sioux Indians (Sioux Indians) , and is extensively used as an article of diet."
  • May 14, 1804
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
November 5, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Side a high bottom between the hill & river. We met 4 Canoes of Indians from below, in which there is 26 Indians, one of those Canoes is large, and ornimented with Images on the bow & Stern.
  • This is the first night which we have been entirely clear of Indians Since our arrival on the waters of the Columbia River (Columbia River) .
  • The principal Cathlapotle (Cathlapotle Indians) village has not been formally excavated, but a large artifact collection from this area has been described.
  • November 5, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 9, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Probably the Upper Chinookan-language people known as the Watlalas (Watlala Indians) . See November 2, 1805, and Estimate of Western Indians. Atlas map 79. The term is a variation of Watlala (Watlala Indians) or wal\ála, designating the village. Silverstein, 535. A branch of the Watlala Chinookans (Watlala Indians) .
  • They would be the people known as Wishram-Wasco Indians (Wishram-Wasco Indians) (see October 27, 1805). Beargrass, Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.
  • April 9, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
August 18, 1805 - Gass, Patrick
  • A fine morning. We bought three horses of the Indians. Captain Clarke (Clark, William) and 11 more, with our interpreter (Charbonneau, Toussaint) and his wife (Sacagawea) , and all the Indians set out at 11 o'clock to go over to the Columbia (Columbia River) .— The Indians went for horses to carry our baggage, and we to search for timber to make canoes for descending the Columbia (Columbia River) .
  • There is plenty of grass and clover, and also some flax all along it. The Indians all except 5 went on ahead. We travelled 15 miles and encamped close on the branch which is about 5 yards wide.
  • August 18, 1805
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
October 8, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • about 9 oClock we Set out and proceeded on    Saw Some Indians horses on the Side of the hills on Stard. Side.    passed over Several bad rapids    took in Some water by the waves.   
  • about 12 OClock we halted at Some Indian Camps about 6 lodges of well looking Savages who had Several Small canoes and catch considerable of Sammon.   
  • their they Stayed in this doleful Situation untill we unloaded one of the other canoes and went and released them.    2 Indians went in a canoe to their assistance also.    we got the men and the most of the baggage Safe to Shore.   
  • October 8, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
March 17, 1806 - Clark, William
  • the weather is So precarious that we fear by waiting untill the first of April that we might be detained Several days longer before we could get from this to the Cath-lah-mahs (Cathlamet Indians) , as it must be Calm or we cannot accomplish that part of the rout in our Canoes. Drewyer (Drouillard, George) returned late this evening from the Cath-lah-mahs (Cathlamet Indians) with our Indian Canoe which Sergt. Pryor (Pryor, Nathaniel Hale) had left Some days since, and also a Canoe, which he had purchased from those people.   
  • We yet want another Canoe as the Clatsops (Clatsop Indians) will not Sell us one, a proposition has been made by one of our interpt and Sever[al] of the party to take one in lieu of 6 Elk which they Stole from us this winter &c.
  • March 17, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
May 8, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • Lewises (Lewis, Meriwether) dog Seamon (Seaman) chased it caught it killed it.    we finding a Indian here belonging to the Snake nation (Shoshone Indians) our officers got some information of the country rivers &C.   
  • we met the twisted hair (Twisted Hair (Walamotinin)) the chief of the Chopen-nish tribe (Flathead Indians) who we left our horses with.    he did not appear Sociable as when we left him    our officers asked the Snake Indn. (Shoshone Indians) to ask him where our horses were but he did not incline to Speak, So we proced on to a small run where we Camped.   
  • May 8, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
May 5, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clark Satturday 5th    a Cloudy day    rains at different times    a Sauckee (Sauk Indians) Chief with 8 or 10 arrive & Stay all night    2 Perogus of Kickapoos (Kickapoo Indians) return from St Louis (Saint Louis, Mo.) .
  • May 5, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
January 17, 1806 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • Three of our Men went out a hunting.    A number of Indians came to the Fort.    About noon one of the hunters returned to Camp with a Deer, which he had killed Clatsops (Clatsop Indians) , including Coboway (Coboway) .
  • January 17, 1806
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph

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