Journals of the
Lewis & Clark Expedition

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January 24, 1806 - Gass, Patrick
  • In the afternoon two of the hunters and some of the natives came to the fort in an Indian canoe with the meat of two deer and an elk they had killed. The Indians were barefooted notwithstanding the snow on the ground; and the evening was so bad we permitted them to stay in the fort all night.
  • January 24, 1806
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
August 26, 1806 - Gass, Patrick
  • Dak.)) , but saw no signs of the Teeton (Sioux Indians, Teton) band of the Sioux (Sioux Indians) nation. In the evening we passed Landselle's fort (Fort aux Cedres (S.
  • August 26, 1806
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
July 2, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Robert L. Rankin gives the Omaha (Omaha Indians) name as wasábe wakká ą́daki, "the spirit black bear." Nicollet (MMR), 372; MRC map 15. The "Village" in Nicollet is in the right location, in extreme northeast Leavenworth County (Leavenworth County, Kans.) , to be the old Kansa (Kansa Indians) village. It is apparently where the Kansa (Kansa Indians) Indians were living in the Salt Creek (Salt Creek) locale in the 1740s and 1750s.
  • It was in Leavenworth County (Leavenworth County, Kans.) , perhaps three miles north of present Fort Leavenworth (Fort Leavenworth (Kans.)) , and was built to control the trade with the Kansa (Kansa Indians) and Osage Indians (Osage Indians) and perhaps to promote trade with the Spanish in New Mexico (New Mexico) .
  • July 2, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
September 25, 1804 - Clark, William
  • all party Paraded, gave a Medal to the grand Chief in Indian Un-ton gar-Sar bar (Black Buffalo) , or Black Buffalow (Black Buffalo) —    2° Torto-hongar (Partisan) , Partezon (Partisan) (Bad fellow)    the 3d Tar-ton-gar-wa-ker (Buffalo Medicine (Tar-ton-gar-wa-ker)) , Buffalow medison (Buffalo Medicine (Tar-ton-gar-wa-ker)) —    we invited those Chiefs & a Soldier on board our boat, and Showed them many Curiossites, which they were much Surprised, we gave they ½ a wine glass of whiskey which they appeared to be exceedingly fond of    they took up an empty bottle, Smelted it, and made maney Simple jestures and Soon began to be troublesom    the 2d Chief effecting Drunkness as a Cloak for his vilenous intintious (as I found after wards,) realed or fell about the boat, I went in a perogue with those Chief who left the boast with great reluctians, my object was to reconsile them and leave them on Shore, as Soon as I landed 3 of their young ment Seased the Cable of the Perogue, one Soldiar Huged the mast 〈which was〉 and the 2d Chief was exceedingly insolent both in words and justures to me declareing I Should no go off, Saying he had not recived presents Suffient from us—    〈his〉 I attempted to passify 〈him〉 but it had a contrary effect for his insults became So personal and his intentions evident to do me injurey, I Drew my Sword 〈and ordered all hands under arms〉    at this motion Capt Louis (Lewis, Meriwether) ordered all in the boat under arms, the fiew men that was with me haveing previously taken up their guns with a full deturmination to defend me if possible—    The grand Chief then took hold of the Cable & Sent all the young men off, the Soldier got out of the perogue and the 2nd Chief walked off to the Party at about 20 yards back, all of which had their bows Strung & guns Cocked—    I then Spoke in verry positive terms to them all, 〈but〉 principaly addressing myself to the 1st Chief, who let the roape go and walked to the Indian, party about, 100— I again offered my hand to the 1st Chief who refused it—    (all this time the Indians were pointing their arrows blank—[)]    I proceeded to the perogue and pushed off and had not proceeded far before the 1st & 3r Chief & 2 principal men walked into the water and requested to go on board, I took them in and we proceeded on abot a Mile, and anchored near a Small Island, I call this Island Bad humered Island (Marion Island) Apparently Pierre Cruzatte (Cruzatte, Pierre) , who spoke the Omaha (Omaha Indians) language, the tongue of his mother, and who may have been interpreting through some Omaha (Omaha Indians) prisoners of the Tetons (Sioux Indians, Teton) .
  • Presumably Clark (Clark, William) means that the Sioux (Sioux Indians) warriors were pointing their arrows straight at him because they were at "point blank" range—so close that they did not need to elevate their aim to allow for dropping of the missile due to gravity. At such range men with muzzle-loading firearms such as the expedition carried would actually be at a disadvantage against bowmen, because of the amount of time required to reload. The whole Sioux (Sioux Indians) confrontation is discussed in Ronda (LCAI), 27–41. Probably later Marion Island (Marion Island) , opposite the city of Pierre (Pierre, S.
  • September 25, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 27, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • we purchased four dogs of these people on which the party suped heartily having been on short allowance for near two days.    the indians retired when we requested them this evening and behaved themselves in every rispect extreemly well. the indians informed us that there was a good road which passed from the columbia (Columbia River) opposite to this village to the entrance of the Kooskooske (Clearwater (Flathead, Kooskooskee) River) on the S. side of Lewis's river (Lewis (Cahwahnakiooks) River) ; they also informed us, that there were a plenty of deer and Antelopes on the road, with good water and grass.    we knew that a road in that direction if the country would permit would shorten our rout at least 80 miles.    the indians also informed us that the country was level and the road good, under these circumstances we did not hesitate in pursuing the rout recommended by our guide whos information was corroberated by Yellept (Yelleppit) & others.   
  • Yelleppit (Yelleppit) (yelépt, "friend, blood brother" in Nez Perce (Nez Perce Indians) , and yalɨ́pt, "trading partner" in Shahaptian) is discussed at October 19, 1805.
  • April 27, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
August 28, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • we proceeded on till Breakfast time    we then halted at a large prarie N. S.    the Indian left us in order to go to his camp; we proceeded on    passed handsome Groves of cottonwood Timber on boath Sides of the Missouri River (Missouri River) .   
  • S. & Camped to wait the arival of the men who went for the Indians & the Indians in order to counsel with them    Some of the party went out hunting    we hoisted a flag pole, the 2 men who had been out to hunt for the horses returned to the Boat    informed us that the horses & 〈the〉 Shannon (Shannon, George) was gone a head, we Saw Several large Bucks run at a distance from our Camp, this place is below a large Island & Sand bar    a hill & Bluff on the Same Side little above.
  • August 28, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
September 5, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • Like Clark (Clark, William) , Gass (Gass, Patrick) uses "Pania (Pawnee Indians) " (Pawnee (Pawnee Indians) ) for "Ponca (Ponca Indians) ." This is Ponca Creek (Ponca (Pania, Poncar) Creek) , Knox County (Knox County, Nebr.) , Nebraska (Nebraska) .
  • September 5, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
September 25, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • We stayed here to wait for the Indians, who were expected to arrive, and at 10 o'clock they came, about 50 in number.
  • Captain Clarke (Clark, William) and some of our men in a periogue went ashore with them; but the Indians did not seem disposed to permit their return. They said they were poor and wished to keep the periogue with them.
  • Four of them came aboard; when we proceeded on a mile, and cast anchor at the point of an island in the middle of the river. The Indians remained with us all night. The chiefs named above and probably Warzingo (Warzinggo) and Second Bear (Second Bear (Matocoquepan)) (see Clark's (Clark, William) entry), but perhaps some unnamed "soldiers."
  • September 25, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
October 26, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • we proceeded on    at 10 oClock we halted at a hunting camp of the Mandens (Mandan Indians) , consisting of men women and children.    here we found an Irishman who was here tradeing with them from the N.
  • S. below the 1st village at an old field where the manden (Mandan Indians) nation had raised corn the last Summer, & Sun flowers &.C. of which they eat with corn.
  • The camp was below the Mandan (Mandan Indians) village Mitutanka (Mitutanka (Matootonha) village) , also known as the Deapolis site (Deapolis site) , and due to river shifts the campsite is perhaps in McLean County (McLean County, N.
  • October 26, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
October 28, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clark 28th of October 1804    the wind So hard from the S. W.    We could not meet the Indians in Councils, those who visited us we Sent to the nearest village, Consulted the Black Cat (Black Cat (Posecopsahe)) M Chief about the Chiefs of the Different Villages, who gave his Oppinion to us. His Indian name was Posecopsahe (Black Cat (Posecopsahe)) , variously spelled. It is from the Mandan (Mandan Indians) term, púskapsi, "black cat (Black Cat (Posecopsahe)) ." The captains were impressed with this chief's intelligence and friendliness, and thought he would be useful to American interests.
  • October 28, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
December 22, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clark 22nd December Satturday 1804 a number of Squars womn & men Dressed in Squars Clothes Came with Corn to Sell to the men for little things, we precured two horns of the animale the french Call the rock mountain Sheep [bighorn]    those horns are not of the largest kind—    The mandans (Mandan Indians) Indians Call this Sheep Ar-Sar-ta    it is about the Size of a large Deer, or Small Elk, its Horns Come out and wind around the head like the horn of a Ram and the teckere [NB: texture] not unlike it    much larger and thicker perticelarly that part with which they but or outer part which is [blank] inchs thick, the length of those horns, which we have is Male transvestites were to be found among a number of plains tribes.
  • Clark (Clark, William) "Ar-Sar-ta" is probably the Mandan (Mandan Indians) term, áŋse xte, "big horn."
  • December 22, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
March 11, 1805 - Clark, William
  • We have every reason to believe that our Menetarre interpeter (Charbonneau, Toussaint) , (whome we intended to take with his wife, as an interpeter through his wife to the Snake Indians (Shoshone Indians) of which nation She is) has been Corupted by the [blank] Companeys &c.   
  • The captains may have assumed that the Hudson's Bay and North West companies wished to sabotage their expedition in the interests of securing the Indian trade to themselves. To this they attributed Charbonneau's (Charbonneau, Toussaint) decision to quit (see March 12, 1805, below).
  • March 11, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
September 17, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Indian Grave Peak
  • The description fits a site on the first saddle east of Indian Grave Peak (Indian Grave Peak) , in Idaho County (Idaho County, Idaho) , Idaho (Idaho) .
  • September 17, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 24, 1805 - Gass, Patrick
  • At the head of these narrows we halted about 2 o'clock at a great Indian village, and remained there all night. We got fish and dogs from the natives, and some berries, different from any we got before, some call them cranberries; whether of the real kind or not I am not certain.
  • In Klickitat County (Klickitat County, Wash.) , Washington (Washington) , in the vicinity of Horsethief Lake State Park (Horsethief Lake State Park (Wash.)) . The Indians were Wishram-Wasco Chinookans (Wishram-Wasco Indians) . Probably American cranberrybush, Viburnum trilobum Marsh., restricted to the Columbia (Columbia River) gorge in this region.
  • October 24, 1805
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
January 1, 1806 - Clark, William
  • Clark January 1st Wednesday 1806 This morning proved cloudy with moderate rain, after a pleasent worm night during which there fell but little rain—    This morning at Day we wer Saluted from the party without, wishing us a "Hapy new year" a Shout and discharge of their arms—    no Indians to be Seen this morning—    they left the place of their encampment dureing the last night— The work of our houses and fort being now Complete, we Ishued an order in which we pointed out the rules & regulations for the government of the Party in respect to the Indians as also for the Safty and protection of our Selves &c. two Clotsops (Clatsop Indians) Came with a mat and Some fiew roots of Cut wha mo, for which they asked a file    they did not trade but Continued all night Sent out 2 hunters this morning who returned, haveing killed 2 Elk about 3 miles distant, Some fiew Showers or rain in the Course of this day.   
  • January 1, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
February 18, 1806 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • .— We had several squalls of wind attended with rain in the course of this day.—    About noon several Indians belonging to the Clatsop (Clatsop Indians) Nation came in Canoes to the Fort.    They brought with them some Roots to trade with us,—,    which we purchased of them.    Towards evening these Indians left the Fort & embarked in their Canoes in order to return to their Village.—    Two of our hunters also returned to the Fort, but had killed no Game of any kind.   
  • February 18, 1806
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
March 27, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • we halted at a village of the Chilutes nation (Watlala Indians)    they treated us in a friendly manner    Gave us Some wapa toes & anchoves to eat. Several Indians followed after us with Small canoes.    our officers purchased a large Sturgeon from them    we proceed on to the mo of a River named Calams River (Kalama (Cath-la-haw's) River) and Camped on the South Side little above Said River—    Six of our hunters Sent on this afternoon to deer Island (Deer (E-lal-lar) Island) with the Small canoes in order to hunt. The name is given as Skillute (Watlala Indians) or a variant in Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and Clark (Clark, William) .
  • March 27, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
April 27, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • we Set out as usal and proceed. on    Soon passd. a Small village of 3 lodges then assended a high plain where we Saw an extensive country around us & not a tree to be Seen    came about 20 miles before we halted & delayed a Short time    eat a little dry meat & let our horses feed a Short time and proceed on about 5 miles further and arived at a large village of the wal-a-wal tribe (Walula Indians) , at the commencement of a low barron Smooth country where we Camped    bought a fat dog to each mess.   
  • all these Savages are glad to See us and appear verry friendly.— A Walula (Walula Indians) (Walla Walla (Walula Indians) ) village in Benton County (Benton County, Wash.) , Washington (Washington) , below and opposite the mouth of the Walla Walla River (Walla Walla (Waller Waller) River) , south of Yellepit way station (Yellepit Way Station) and perhaps now under Lake Walula (Lake Walula) .
  • April 27, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
May 27, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • we Came 13 mes today, and Camped at an old Indian Camp on the S. Side [of] River    we are 800 & 10 miles from the Mandans (Mandan Indians) , 2415 [from the mouth of the Missouri (Missouri River) ?]
  • Dak.)) —   1275—   To the 1st Village of Rickieree (Arikara Indians) —   1480— 1430 To Mouth of the River Bullette (Cannonball (Bullet) River) —   1505—   River Chiss-Che-tar (Heart (Ches-che-tar and similar spellings) River) above the old } 1550—      village of Mandans (Mandan Indians) Fort Mandans (Fort Mandan (N.
  • opsite } 42 53 13—   the Sues (Sioux Indians) 〈Village〉 Lodges whare we met the Nation of the Sues (Sioux Indians) Ceeder Island (Dorion Island No. 2 (Cedar Island)) Louesells Fort (Fort aux Cedres (S.
  • May 27, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
August 1, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clark August the 1st 1804    a fair morning, Sent out two men after the horses & one back to examine if the Indians have been there, [blank] Beever Cought last night, the air is Cool and pleasing Equal altitudes & magnetic Azmoth azmth altd.
  • This being my birth day I order'd a Saddle of fat Vennison, an Elk fleece & a Bevertail to be cooked and a Desert of Cheries, Plumbs, Raspberries Currents and grapes of a Supr. quallity.    The Indians not yet arrived.    a Cool fine eveninge    Musquetors verry troublesom, the Praries Contain Cheres, Apple, Grapes, Currents, Rasp burry, Gooseberris Hastlenuts and a great Variety of Plants & flours not Common to the U S.
  • They are likely Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook., wolfberry, western snowberry, which was new to Clark (Clark, William) , and S. orbiculatus Moench, coralberry, Indian-currant, buckbrush, with which Clark (Clark, William) was familiar in Kentucky (Kentucky) .
  • August 1, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 11, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • the Skin cannoe got over Set turned everry thing out of it    he Grieved himself considerable about his loss &.C.    at 11 oClock the Indians assembled at our camp    Brought us Some corn & Beans dryed Squasshes &.C.   
  • he also desired that we Would Speak a good word for them to the Mandan (Mandan Indians) nation for they wished to make pease with them    about 1 oClock we Set off.   
  • arived at the 2nd R. Ree (Arikara Indians) village on the Bank of the River S. Side    a handsome place a high Smoth prarie.   
  • October 11, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
November 3, 1804 - Clark, William
  • .)) ; others seem to have spent the winter at the Mandan (Mandan Indians) , Hidatsa (Hidatsa Indians) , or Arikara (Arikara Indians) villages. Those who wished to stay among the Indians, perhaps trading and trapping on their own, apparently received their pay in cash at this time; there is no record of their being paid, which complicates the effort to determine their identities.
  • November 3, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
November 22, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Jessomme (Jusseaume, René) , let us have    did not get more than 80 bushels—    I was allarmed about 10 oClock by the Sentinal, who informed that an Indian was about to Kill his wife in the interpeters 〈hut〉 fire about 60 yards below the works, I went down and Spoke to the fellow about the rash act which he was like to commit and forbid any act of the kind near the fort—[NB: he might lawfully have killed her for running away.]   
  • in the evening of the Same day She came to the interpeters fire appearently much beat, & Stabed in 3 places—    We Derected that no man of this party have any intercourse with this woman under the penelty of Punishment—    he the Husband observed that one of our Serjeants Slept with his wife & if he wanted her he would give her to him, We derected the Serjeant Odway (Ordway, John) to give the man Some articles, at which time I told the Indian that I believed not one man of the party had touched his wife except the one he had given the use of her for a nite, in his own bed, no man of the party Should touch his Squar, or the wife of any Indian, nor did I believe they touch a woman if they knew her to be the wife of another man, and advised him to take his Squar home and live hapily together in future,—    at this time the Grand Chief of the nation [Black Cat (Black Cat (Posecopsahe)) ] arrived, & lecturd him, and they both went off apparently dis [NB:dissatisfied] The grand Chief continued [NB: with us] all day    a warm Day fair afternoon—    many Indian anickdotes    one Chief & his familey Stay all night.
  • November 22, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
May 30, 1805 - Clark, William
  • we discover in Several places old encampments of large bands of Indians, a fiew weeks past and appear to be makeing up the river—    Those Indians we believe to be the Blackfoot (Blackfeet Indians) Inds. or Menetares (Atsina Indians) who inhabit the heads of the Saskashowin (Saskatchewan River) & north of this place and trade a little in the Fort de Prarie (Fort des Prairies (Canada)) establishments.   
  • May 30, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
November 11, 1805 - Clark, William
  • at 12 oClock at a time the wind was verry high and waves tremendeous five Indians Came down in a Canoe loaded with fish of Salmon Spes. Called Red Charr, we purchased of those Indians 13 of these fish, for which we gave, fishing hooks & some trifling things, we had Seen those Indians at a village behind Some marshey Islands (Marsh (Seal) Island) a few days ago.   
  • we are truly unfortunate to be Compelled to lie 4 days nearly in the Same place at a time that our day are precious to us, The Wind Shifted to [blank]    the Indians left us and Crossed the river which is about 5 miles wide through the highest Sees I ever Saw a Small vestle ride, their Canoe is Small, maney times they were out of Sight before the were 2 miles off    Certain it is they are the best canoe navigators I ever Saw    The tide was 3 hours later to day than yesterday and rose much higher, the trees we camped on was all on flote for about 2 hours from 3 untill 5 oClock P M, the great quantities of rain which has fallen losenes the Stones on the Side of the hill & the Small ones fall on us, our Situation is truly a disagreeable one our Canoes in one place at the mercy of the waves our baggage in another and our Selves & party Scattered on drift trees of emense Sizes, & are on what dry land they can find in the Crevices of the rocks & hill Sides The sockeye (or blue-backed) salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, already known to science.
  • November 11, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
Part 3: Miscellany - Clark, William
  • to the Missouri (Missouri River) at the Mouth Dearbourns River (Dearborn River) is 400 Miles nearer than the route we Came    the Distance across is about 100 Miles Direct and about it is 648 miles by water and 548 by land From the Flathead (Flathead Indians) tents across direct to the mouth of Wisdom River (Big Hole (Sensable, Wisdom) River) is 100 Miles, and Saves 180 Miles to the Missouri (Missouri River) —    and this rout Saves about 140 to the Canoes at the Forks of Jeffersons River (Jefferson River (North, Southwest Fork)) to pass this rout— up the Flathead river (Bitterroot (Clark's, Flathead) River) to the place we Met the first flat heads (Flathead Indians) , thence on their trail to the Missouri River (Missouri River) will be 140 miles nearer than around by the Snake Indian (Shoshone Indians) Villages on Lewis's River (Lemhi (East Fork Lewis's) River) — From Travelers rest Creek (Lolo (Travelers' Rest) Creek (Mont.))
  • Winter 1805-1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
January 19, 1806 - Clark, William
  • we were visited to day by two Clatsop (Clatsop Indians) men and a woman who brought for Sale Some Sea otter Skins of which we purchased one gave in exchange the remainder of our blue beeds Consisting of 6 fathoms, and the Same quantity of Small white beids and a knife.    we also purchased a Small quantity of train oil for a par of Brass arm bands, and a hat for Som fishinghooks. these hats are of their own manufactory and are Composed of Cedar bark and bear grass interwoven with the fingers and ornimented with various Colours and figures, they are nearly water proof, light, and I am Convinced are much more dureable than either Chip or Straw,— These hats forom a article of traffic with Clatsops (Clatsop Indians) an Chinnooks (Chinook Indians) who dispose of them to the whites, the form of the Hats is that which was in voge in the U States and Great Britain (Britain) in 1800 & 1801 with a high Crown rather larger at the top than where it joins the brim, the brim narrow about 2 or 2½ inches.
  • Their Laws like all uncivilized Indians Consist of a Set of customs which has grown out of their local Situations.   
  • January 19, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
March 26, 1806 - Clark, William
  • Clark Wednesday March 26th 1806 The wind blew So hard untill 8 A M. that we detained, we gave a Medal to a Man by the name of Wal-lal-le (Waláli) a principal man among the Cath lah mahs (Cathlamet Indians) , he appeared very thankfull for the honor Confured on him and presented us with a large Sturgion.   
  • The two Warkiacums (Wahkiakum Indians) who had been pursueing us Since yester day morning with two dogs for Sale, arrived.   
  • we continued untill late in the evening and encamped on a Small Island near the Middle of the river haveing made 18 Miles.    2 Indians Visited us this evining
  • March 26, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • The next morning (July 4: no celebration that year) the Indians halted. No Hellgate for them. After giving Lewis directions to a pass across the Continental Divide, they smoked a pipe together, and the Indians grieved, "confident the Pahkees would cut us off."
  • Magic things to see. That ought to impress the Indians.) To those who made the trip, he said, he would give ten horses.
  • And the Indians would have fought back. That's the way the American frontier was.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
July 13, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Baptiest La Page (Lepage, Jean Baptiste) one of the men whom I had reserved to man the canoes being sick I sent Charbono (Charbonneau, Toussaint) in his stead by water and the sick man and Indian woman (Sacagawea) accompanyed me by land.    from the head of the white bear Islands (White Bear Islands) I passed in a S.
  • The description sounds much like the medicine lodge in which the Blackfeet (Blackfeet Indians) sun dance was held, except that Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) does not mention the center pole which was characterisic of this structure. The region they were now in was Blackfeet (Blackfeet Indians) (specifically Piegan (Blackfeet Indians, Piegan) ) territory.
  • July 13, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
October 14, 1805 - Clark, William
  • at 12 miles we Came too at the head of a rapid which the Indians told me was verry bad, we viewed the rapid found it bad    in decending three Stern Canoes Stuk fast for Some time on the head of the rapid and one Struk a rock in the worst part, fortunately all landed Safe below the rapid which was nearly 3 miles in length.   
  • all wet    we had every articles exposed to the Sun to dry on the Island, our loss in provisions is verry Considerable all our roots was in the Canoe that Sunk, and Cannot be dried Sufficint to Save, our loose powder was also in the Canoe and is all wett This I think 〈may〉, we Shall saved.—    In this Island we found some Spilt [Split] timber the parts of a house which the Indians had verry Securely covered with Stone, we also observed a place where the Indians had buried there fish, we have made it a point at all times not to take any thing belonging to the Indians even their wood.   
  • The camp was also apparently in this area in Franklin County (Franklin County, Wash.) . Atlas map 74 shows "Indian Caves" in the cliffs of the northwest shore of the Snake River (Snake (Ki-moo-e-nim, Lewis's, Southeast Branch of Columbia) River) and a "Tomb."
  • October 14, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 17, 1806 - Clark, William
  • Clark Thursday 17th of April 1806 I rose early after bad nights rest, and took my merchindize to a rock which afforded an elegable Situation for my purpose, and at a Short distance from the houses, and divided the articles of merchindize into parsels of Such articles as I thought best Calculated to pleas the Indians, and in each parcel I put as many articles as we could afford to give, and thus exposed them to view, informing the Indians that each parcel was intended for a horse.   
  • that I would in the mean time proceed on to the Enesher (Tenino Indians) Nation above the Great falls (Columbia River, Great Falls of the) and try to purchase Some horses of that people. Soon after I had dispatched this party the Chief of the Enesher's (Tenino Indians) and 15 or 20 of his people visited me and appeared to be anxious to See the articles I offered for the horses.
  • April 17, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 28, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • our officers made another chief gave him a meddle &C.    in the afternoon an number of Indians came to our officers who were diseased the lame and many with Sore eyes and lame legs & arms &C.   
  • the chief called all his people and told them of the meddicine &C. which was a great wonder among them & they were much pleased &C.    the Indians Sent their women to gether wood or Sticks to See us dance this evening.   
  • Yelleppit (Yelleppit) , chief of the Walulas (Walula Indians) , is discussed at Clark's (Clark, William) entry of October 19, 1805.
  • April 28, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
April 26, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • after dinner we continued our march through the level plain near the river 16 Ms. and encamped about a mile below three lodges of the Wollah wollah (Walula Indians) nation, and about 7 Ms. above our encampment of the 19 of October last.    after we encamped a little Indian boy caught several chubbs with a bone in this form which he substituted for a hook.   
  • Works by Alexander; Gough (RIP); Lothson & Lindeman (PB); Lothson & Lindeman (PK); Rice & Lindeman; and Wilke & Dalan report surveys or testing in the Plymouth (Plymouth, Wash.) , Washington (Washington) , area but none of these studies show evidence of the expedition. Alexander's map shows one Indian site very close to the location of this night's camp and he suggests that the village could have been occupied by Umatillas (Umatilla Indians) , Cayuses (Cayuse Indians) , or Walulas (Walula Indians) .
  • April 26, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
May 2, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • we sent several men in different directions in surch of him. I engaged one of the young indians who overtook us last evening to return in surch of him.    at half after 1 P. M. The indian and Joseph Feilds (Field, Joseph) returned with the horse, they had found him on his way back about 17 Ms. I paid the indian the price stipulated for his services and we immediately loaded up and set forward.   
  • May 2, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
July 23, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • Peter (Cruzatte, Pierre) went to the Zottoas (Oto Indians) & Panies (Pawnee Indians) village (45 miles to nations) to invite them to come to our Encampment to treat.   
  • July 23, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
October 16, 1804 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • Whitehouse Tuesday October 16th    We set out early this morning, and passed a Creek lying on the South side of the River, we continued on 'till the afternoon, when we saw a hunting party of the Rick aRee (Arikara Indians) Indians, who were shooting at a flock of Goats, which were in the River; Some of our Men from One of the boats shot 3 of them which they got on board, We proceeded on, and in the Evening we Encamped on the South side of the River As a result of a gap in the original, the single entries for the period October 16–31 are from the fair copy.
  • October 16, 1804
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
October 29, 1804 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • On the stard. shore at council camp, about half a mile above the upper Mandan (Mandan Indians) Village. Observed meridian Altd. of ☉'s U. L. with Sextant by the fore observation 58° 55' 15" Latitude deduced from this observation    N. 47° 22' 56.7" ☞ The Chronometer ran down today. I was so much engaged with the Indians, that I omited winding her up.— Lewis's (Lewis, Meriwether) observation from Codex O.
  • October 29, 1804
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
January 10, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • five men got ready to go to hunt for the man who Stayed out all night, but before they Started he came in & Sd. he had a fire & was tollarable comfortable.    directly after a young Indian came in to the fort with his feet froze verry bad.    it is the Same Boy that the Indians had left last night & expected that he was froze to death in the praries.   
  • January 10, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
May 2, 1805 - Gass, Patrick
  • They found some red cloth at an old Indian camp, which we supposed had been offered and left as a sacrifice; the Indians having some knowledge of a supreme being and this their mode of worship.
  • May 2, 1805
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
February 22, 1806 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • Whitehouse Saturday Febry 22nd    We had a pleasant morning but cool, the Men that were Sick in the Fort, were all getting better.    Several Indians of the Clatsop (Clatsop Indians) Nation came to the fort in Canoes.   
  • February 22, 1806
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
May 11, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • Clark (Clark, William) applyed meddison and done all possable for them.    one of the Indians gave Capt. Clark (Clark, William) a fine horse. George Drewyer (Drouillard, George) Came in from hunting.    had killed two Deer.    the Indians brought us Several more of our horses &C.    in the evening we fiddled and danced a while.   
  • May 11, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
July 12, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Wild Cherry only larger & grows on a Small bush, on the side of a clift Sand Stone    ½ me. up & on Lower Side I marked my name & day of the month near an Indian Mark or Image of animals & a boat    Tried Willard (Willard, Alexander) for Sleeping on his post, our hunters killed some Deer, Saw Elk & Buffalow.
  • The mounds on the hills overlooking the village have not been investigated, principally because they have also been used by modern Iowa Indians (Iowa Indians) for grave sites. The "Several noles" that Clark (Clark, William) passed on the plain are believed to be refuse middens of a late prehistoric Oto (Oto Indians) village.
  • In the codex entry Clark (Clark, William) mentions more than one Pawnee (Pawnee Indians) village on the Big Blue (Big Blue River (Nebr.)) . Two Pawnee (Pawnee Indians) villages nearly match this description, the Blue Springs site (Blue Springs site) and the James site (James site) , both of which are just north of the town of Blue Springs (Blue Springs, Nebr.) , Gage County (Gage County, Nebr.) , Nebraska (Nebraska) .
  • July 12, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 23, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Indian (Berry) Creek (Idaho)
  • There my guide Shewed me a road from the N Which Came into the one I was in which he Said went to a large river which run to the north on which was a Nation he called Tushapass (Flathead Indians) , he made a map of it Beside the date Clark (Clark, William) has written "See Supplement anexed," probably a reference to Codex Fb; see n. 1, above.
  • The next paragraph in red ink, appears also to be Clark's (Clark, William) writing. The Flatheads (Flathead Indians) ; see below, September 4, 1805.
  • August 23, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
December 9, 1805 - Clark, William
  • : before]. crossed and kept down about one mile and met 3 Indians loaded with fresh Salmon which they had Giged in the Creek I crossed yesterday in the hills, those indians made Signs that they had a town on the Seacoast at no great distance, and envited me to go to their town which envitation I axcepted and accompand. them, they had a Canoe hid in the Creek which I had just before rafted which I had not observed, we crossed in this little Canoe just large enough to carry 3 men an their loads after Crossing 2 of the Indians took the Canoe on theire Sholders and Carried it across to the other Creek about ¼ of a mile, we Crossed the 2d Creek and proceeded on to the mouth of the Creek which makes a great bend above the mouth of this Creek or to the S. is 3 houses and about 12 families of the Clat Sop (Clatsop Indians) Nation, we cross to those houses, which were built on the S. exposur of the hill, Sunk into the ground about 4 feet the walls roof & gable ends are of Split pine boards, the dores Small with a ladder to decend to the iner part of the house, the fires are 2 in the middle of the house their beads ar all around raised about 2½ feet from the bottom flore all covered with mats and under those beads was Stored their bags baskets and useless mats, those people treated me with extrodeanary friendship, one man attached himself to me as Soon as I entered the hut, Spred down new mats for me to Set on, gave me fish berries rutes &c. on Small neet platteers of rushes to eate which was repeated, all the Men of the other houses Came and Smoked with me    Those people appeared much neeter in their diat than Indians are Comonly, and frequently wash theer faces and hands—    in the eveng an old woman presented a bowl made of a light Coloured horn a kind of Surup made of Dried berries which is common to this Countrey which the natives Call Shele wele [NB: Shel-well]    this Surup I though was pleasent, they Gave me Cockle Shells to eate a kind of Seuip [NB: Soup] made of bread of the Shele well barries mixed with roots in which they presented in neet trenchers made of wood.   
  • Clark's (Clark, William) term is from Chinookan (Chinook Indians) sálal, giving rise to its present common name.
  • The name is Chinookan (Chinook Indians) Cuskala, meaning unknown.
  • December 9, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
January 9, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • some marrow bones and a little fresh meat would be exceptable; I have been living for two days past on poor dryed Elk, or jurk as the hunters term it. The Clatsops (Clatsop Indians) Chinnooks (Chinook Indians) &c. bury their dead in their canoes.   
  • The persons who usually visit the entrance of this river for the purpose or traffic or hunting I believe are either English or Americans; the Indians inform us that they speak the same language with ourselves, and give us proofs of their varacity by repeating many words of English, as musquit, powder, shot, nife, file, damned rascal, sun of a bitch &c.    whether these traders are from Nootka sound (Nootka Sound) , from some other late establishment on this coast, or immediately from the U' States or Great Britain (England) , I am at a loss to determine, nor can the Indians inform us.    the Indians whom I have asked in what direction the traders go when they depart from hence, or arrive here, always point to the S.
  • January 9, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
January 1, 1804 - Clark, William
  • "Pokers hake" may be Clark's (Clark, William) attempt at the Kickapoo (Kickapoo Indians) name, which Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) wrote as Po-kish'-a-co-mah.
  • Fernald, 641; Steyermark, 668. Its importance to Indians is described by Gilmore, 27, in terms very similar to Lewis's (Lewis, Meriwether) .
  • There were British fur-trading posts on both rivers, from which traders sometimes traveled to the Mandan (Mandan Indians) villages.
  • January 1, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 26, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Atlas map 18; MRC map 29; MRR map 81. An Omaha (Omaha Indians) Indian village called "Bad Village (Bad Village) " was built near the mouth of Bow Creek (Bow (Little Bow, Petie Arc) Creek) in the early eighteenth century. The same general location was the site of a later Omaha (Omaha Indians) village, "Little Bow" (from the French Petite Arch of Clark (Clark, William) ).
  • Nicollet shows an "Old Mahaw (Omaha Indians) Village" near the August 25 camp. Nicollet (MMR), 399; Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) , 290 and n.; Wood (TL); Fletcher & La Fiesche , 1:85–86; Atlas map 18.
  • August 26, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 9, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Set out this morning verry early under a gentle breeze from the S. E.    at Brackfast the Indian deturmined to return to his nation. I saw a Musquetor to day    great numbers of Brant flying up the river, the Maple, & Elm has buded & Cotton and arrow wood beginning to bud.
  • S. opposit a Wintering camp of the Menetarras (Hidatsa Indians) . N. 20° W.   2 ¼ miles to the mouth of Miry Creek (Snake (E-pe,-Âh-zhah, Miry) Creek (McLean County, N.
  • S. opsd. a Bluff and a camp of Miniterras (Hidatsa Indians) . N. 65° W.   3 miles to the upper part of the timber S.
  • April 9, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 28, 1805 - Clark, William
  • as we were about to Set out 3 canoes from above and 2 from below came to view us    in one of those Canoes I observed an Indian with round hat Jacket & wore his hair cued [NB: he Said he got them from Indians below the great rapid who bought them from the whites]    we proceeded on river inclosed on each Side in high Clifts of about 90 feet of loose dark coloured rocks    at four miles we landed at a village of 8 houses on the Stard.
  • For the Chil-luckit-tequaws (Wishram-Wasco Indians) see notes at the previous day's entry. The village referred to here may be nayakxa'tcix village, meaning "tooth" or "row of pointed rocks."
  • The bark splits are probably from the roots of western redcedar, which was used extensively in Indian basketry. Gunther, 19–20.
  • October 28, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William

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