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Lewis & Clark Expedition

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July 20, 1804 - Clark, William
  • S. (2)   18   From this evenings incampment a man may walk to the 〈Pane (Pawnee Indians) 〉 [NB: Pawnee (Pawnee Indians) ] Village on the S 〈East〉 bank of the Platt River (Platte River (Nebr.)) in two days, and to the Otteaus (Oto Indians) in one day    all those Indians are Situated on the South bank of the Plate River (Platte River (Nebr.)) , as those Indians are now out in the praries following & Hunting the buffalow, I fear we will not See them.
  • Pyne; White, 184–86, 374–75 n. 17; Moore. The Pawnee (Pawnee Indians) village appears to be the Linwood site (Linwood site) , occupied by the Chawis (Pawnee Indians, Grand or Chawi) (Grand Pawnees (Pawnee Indians, Grand or Chawi) ) at this time.
  • July 20, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 21, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Rocks out in the water passed a Stard. point & a Strd. point    at 15 [miles] passed 5 Lodges of Indians, & 2 Lodges Some distance above on Std.
  • W. from the 2d course below the Forks—    passed the lower point of an Island on the Stard. at 2 miles    landed at 5 Lodges of Pierced noses (Nez Perce Indians) Indians at 4 miles where we encamped and purchased a little wood to boil our Dogs & fish, those Indians are the 〈inhabitents〉 relations of the falls below, fortunately for us the night was worm.   42   22d Octr. Course Continued fine water for 7 miles    passed a rapid of rocks nearly across above which at 6 miles    passed 6 Lodges Std., at 9 miles    passed a Bad rapid, & Lodges of Indians on Std. Side    20 piles [one word illegible] of fish on an Island drying, Several Indians in Canoes fishing in Canos & gigs &c.
  • October 21, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 28, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • that he had sent for the Chym nâp'-pos (Yakima Indians) his neighbours to come down and join his people this evening and dance for us.   
  • a little before sunset the Chymnahpos (Yakima Indians) arrived; they were about 100 men and a few women; they joined the Wallahwollahs (Walula Indians) who were about the same number and formed a half circle arround our camp where they waited very patiently to see our party dance.   
  • the whole assemblage of indians about 550 men women and children sung and danced at the same time.   
  • April 28, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
Images from the Gallery of the Open Frontier
  • Soule Depository: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs—William S. Soule Photographs of Arapaho, Cheyenna, Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache Indians 1870 NARA-NWDNS
  • Indian encampments
  • N.D.
  • Images
March 11, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • The head chief of the Water Souix (Hidatsa Indians) Stayed in the Fort last night.    one of the perogue party who came in last night returned with provisions this morning.   
  • Another variation of Watersoon (Hidatsa Indians) , the Hidatsas (Hidatsa Indians) .
  • March 11, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
December 29, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • Several of the Chin ock (Chinook Indians) nation came to the fort with wapatoe roots and dry Sammon to trade    we bought Some from them &C.— Clark (Clark, William) says they were Wahkiakum (Wahkiakum Indians) Indians.
  • December 29, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
June 12, 1804 - Clark, William
  • S. and halted to Dine, and 2 Caussease [cajeux] Came Down from the Soux (Sioux Indians) nation, we found in the party an old man who had been with the Soux (Sioux Indians) 20 years & had great influence [hole] with them, we provld.
  • Within a few years of that date he had gone up the Missouri (Missouri River) to the Yankton (Sioux Indians, Yankton) Sioux (Sioux Indians) , where he married and settled down as a trader.
  • He took a delegation of Yankton (Sioux Indians, Yankton) chiefs to St. Louis (Saint Louis, Mo.) for the captains and was later involved in various negotiations with Indians, serving for a time as a government subagent under Clark (Clark, William) .
  • June 12, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
July 30, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • at this place our Intrepters wife (Sacagawea) was taken prisoner 4 years ago by a war party of the grossvauntaus (Hidatsa Indians) .    they took hir as She was attempting to make hir ascape by crossing a Shole place on the River, but was taken in the middle of it.    2 or 3 Indians killed at the Same time on Shore.    the rest of the Snakes (Shoshone Indians) made their ascape.    the day warm, and verry pleasant.    one of the hunters killed a deer.   
  • M., Captain Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and several of our party walked on shore.—    We proceeded on and passed large bottoms of Cotton timber, the River being Crooked, rapid, & full of Islands, the under wood thick & currants growing along the Shores in abundance.—    Beaver here, 〈and〉 were seen by our party plenty, & We saw a number of their dams, laying behind the Islands & other places—    We halted to dine at the upper end of the bottoms, near which lay a Priari or plain, which was Clear & open, & without any bushes on it.— Our Interpreters Wife the Indian Woman (Sacagawea) , related to us, that between 3 & 4 Years ago she was taken prisoner at the forks of the three rivers (Missouri River, Three Forks of the) , by a Warr party of the Gros Vaunters (Hidatsa Indians) or Big belley (Hidatsa Indians) Indians, and that she had attempted to make her escape, with some others of her nation, but that she was retaken by them in the Middle of the Priari which lies near to us, that 3 of her nation was killed along the Shore, by the same party, that she was taken by but that the greater part, of the party that she was along with (Snake (Shoshone Indians) Nation) had made their escape;—    This day was warm but yet pleasant, One of our hunters killed a deer which he brought to us.—    We proceeded on at 2 o'Clock P.
  • July 30, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
August 22, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • had killed only a faun Deer, and brought in a load of Indian plunder which he took from Some Indians he met with about 6 or 8 miles from this place.    their was only 3 Indians and 3 Squaws    our hunter had turned his horse out to feed.   
  • M. our Intrepter his wife and one tribe of the Snake (Shoshone Indians) nation of Indians arived here on horse back about 50 odd in nomber besides women and children.   
  • August 22, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
April 3, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • their guide informed them that a large nation lived up the fork of this River by the name of Clack-a-mus Nation (Clackamas (Clarkamos) Indians) of 30 Towns, and that another Nation lives along distance up this River where it gits Small by the name of Callah-no-wah (Kalapuya Indians) Nation who are verry numerous.   
  • Ordway (Ordway, John) may mean the Indians Clark (Clark, William) gave as "Cal-lar-po-e-wah (Kalapuya Indians) ." They are the Kalapuyas (Kalapuya Indians) , or Calapooyas (Kalapuya Indians) , of the Kalapuyan-language family living in the vicinity of the Willamette Falls (Willamette Falls) at Oregon City (Oregon City, Oreg.) , Clackamas County (Clackamas County, Oreg.) , and beyond.
  • April 3, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
September 12, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • this keel Boat was well loaded down with Marchandizes and is going up to the Marhars (Omaha Indians) and yanktons (Sioux Indians, Yankton) to winter their.    we mooved across the river and Camped on N.
  • Gravveleen (Gravelines, Joseph) took a chief of the Rickarees (Arikara Indians) on to the Seat of government & he died their and Mr.
  • Drewyong (Dorion, Pierre, Sr.) took Several Indians of the yanktons (Sioux Indians, Yankton) and Mahars (Omaha Indians) down to St.
  • September 12, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
Lewis & Clark among the Indians Bibliography
  • Lewis & Clark among the Indians Bibliography
  • Lewis & Clark among the Indians
  • Jefferson Jefferson, Thomas. A Statistical View of the Indian Nations. American State Papers, class 2, Indian Affairs (Washington, D.C., 1806), 1:705-43.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
Lewis & Clark among the Indians 7. Down the Columbia
  • Lewis & Clark among the Indians 7. Down the Columbia
  • Lewis & Clark among the Indians
  • But even more striking were the physical and cultural differences among the Indians down the river and toward the coast. At the confluence of the Snake and the Columbia, Lewis and Clark entered an Indian world increasingly distant from the plains traditions that had been so much a part of expedition-Indian relations since those early days along the Missouri.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
May 5, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • we foud our Chopunnish (Nez Perce Indians) guide at this lodge with his family.    the indians brought us Capt.
  • we met with a snake indian (Shoshone Indians) man at this place through whome we spoke at some length to the natives this evening with rispect to the objects which had induced us to visit their country.   
  • The next location corresponds to the upstream portion of a large terrace where a Nez Perce (Nez Perce Indians) Indian village, hetweyma, "old woman," now known as Hatwai (Hatwai village) , was located.
  • May 5, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
December 2, 1804 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • Whitehouse 2nd    the Big white (Big White (Sheheke)) a Cheif of the mandans (Mandan Indians) Came to Our fort in the Morning to Inform Us that the Buffelow was Close to us a Comeing in    Captn Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and 15 Men turnd. Out to Shoot them    the[y] killd 10, And the Indians Killd. 50    the two Captains Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) & Clark (Clark, William) took it in turn day about with a party Each day to goe a hunting And had Great Success until the 15th Inst.    that the Buffelow got neerly twenty miles off    Captn Clark (Clark, William) and his party Returned On the Morning of the 16th Inst. but Could find no game But two deer, the[y] Slept in the woods all night    Some Snow fell that made the Air warmir On the Night of the 15th Inst— Sunday December 2nd    Sunday 16th    This morning the Big white (Big White (Sheheke)) chief came to our Encampment, he being a head Chief of the Mandan (Mandan Indians) Indians, and informed Our Officers, that the Buffalo were in gangs, close to us, coming from the Priaries, in order to get into the River bottoms, which they always do, when the Snow is on the Ground, in Order to get Buds of Trees, and Grass which is at all times are to be found in the River bottoms, to feed on.—    Captain Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and fifteen of the Men went out to hunt them—    they returned in about 3 hours, having killed Ten Buffalo which was brought to the Fort.—    They fell in with a large party of the Mandan (Mandan Indians) Indians on their route, who was also going to hunt Buffalo; the Indians accompanied Captain Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) , and his party; and had great success, they kill'd 50 Buffalo that day.—    From this day to the 15th instant, our Officers took it by turns, with a party of our Men to go out hunting, and met with very great success.—    On the 15th instant, they found that the Buffalo had got nearly twenty Miles off from our Fort.—    Captain Clark (Clark, William) , and his party returned on the Morning of the 16th instant with only two Deer, the Buffalo being entirely gone.—    They had remain'd all night in the Woods, & some Snow falling that night (15th instant) the Weather became more moderate, it being extremely Cold the three preceeding days.— In this entry and in the fair copy the writers summarize the events until December 17, where writer No. 1 (presumably Whitehouse (Whitehouse, Joseph) ) resumes.
  • December 2, 1804
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
August 24, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • we find that the band of the Snake (Shoshone Indians) nation who came here yesterday is going down on the Missourie (Missouri River) after the buffaloe, and offers Some of their horses for Sale.   
  • one of the hunters came to us had killed nothing    we gave the Indians Some corn, as they had nothing to eat. Saturday August 24th    This morning we had Clear, cold weather, The Snake (Shoshone Indians) band of Indians, that came to our Camp Yesterday, informed our Officer, that they intend going down the Mesouri River (Missouri River) , to hunt buffalo, and offer some of their horses for sale.   
  • he succeeded in his expectation & purchased 4 〈more〉 horses, & hired from those Indians 2 more, which is intended to be packed with our baggage.—    We packed all our horses, being 12 in number, & what baggage remain'd, the Indian Squaws carried for us—    We set out about 12 o'Clock A.
  • August 24, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
October 17, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • Clark (Clark, William) and 2 men went up it abt. three miles to the Indian lodges.    they Saw a great quantity of Sammon in the R.    they giged a verry large Sammon.    they Saw a great number lay dead on the Shores which the Indians had giged.    a great number of large fowls in the praries a Size larger than haith [heath] hens.   
  • The party's first specimen of the sage grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus. The Flatheads (Flathead Indians) are Salish (Flathead Indians) speakers, whereas the Yakimas (Yakima Indians) and Wanapams (Wanapam Indians) are of the Shahaptian-language family and totally unrelated.
  • October 17, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
May 4, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • we dined and proceed. on    Soon met one of the chiefs of the flat head (Flathead Indians) or Chopennish (Nez Perce Indians) tribe who we left our horses with & who went down to the narrows with us last fall.    he tells us that tobe our Snake Indn. (Shoshone Indians) guide took 2 of our best horses away with him when he left us.   
  • Tetoharsky (Tetoharsky) , a chief of the Nez Perces (Nez Perce Indians) , whom the party met in October 1805. The etymology of the term "Chopunnish (Nez Perce Indians) " is discussed at Clark's (Clark, William) entry of September 17, 1805.
  • May 4, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
September 22, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • the chimneys built with Stone Clay & wood—    their is Indian camps for a large distance about this place where the Souix (Sioux Indians) Indians came to Trade with Mr Louisell (Loisel, Régis) , opposite to this Island on S.
  • we are informed that the Indians tie theirs dogs to these poles and they have to dragg them from one camp to another loaded with their Baggage &.C—    Captain Clark (Clark, William) walked a Short time on Shore on S.
  • S. at the mouth of a Small Creek where he joined us— A dog travois, used extensively by Plains Indians before the introduction of the horse.
  • September 22, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
September 23, 1804 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • At 6 oC in the evening we Seen 4 Indians on the S. S.    we Camped on the N. S. and three of them Swam over to us    they belonged to the Souix (Sioux Indians) nation.   
  • Sunday Septemr 23d    We set out early this morning, having fine clear weather, we passed by some bottom land on the North side, cover'd with heavy Timber, and high land lying on the South side of the River which appear'd to be very rich & the Soil black, we also passed a Creek lying on the North side of the River, called smoak creek (La Chapelle (Smoke) Creek) , here we stop'd the boat; and sent out one of our Men to hunt; we proceeded on 〈and passed on to〉 our way till we arrived at an Island call'd Elk Island (Elk Island) , which lies at the lower end of a long reach, it having a handsome bottom of land on it which runs its whole length, Elk Island (Elk Island) lies on the North side of the River, and on the South side 〈is〉 lay barren Hills, In the Evening we saw four Indians on the South side of the River; We came too, & encamped on the North side, shortly after we had encamped, three of those Indians, swam the River over to us, they belonged to the Soux (Sioux Indians) Nation.    They informed us by our Interpreter, that there was more of their nation, not farr off, from where we were encamped    We put the Indians again across the River in our pettyauger where we met with one of our Hunters, who had killed a Goat which he brought with him.—
  • September 23, 1804
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
March 9, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark on the 9th of March we were Visited by the Grand Chief of the Minetarres (Hidatsa Indians) , to whome we gave a medal & Some Cloths & a flag. Sent a French Man & a Indian with a letter to Mr. Tabboe (Tabeau, Pierre-Antoine) informing them the Ricarras (Arikara Indians) of the desire the Mandans (Mandan Indians) had to See them &. &.— Le Borgne (Le Borgne (One Eye)) , or One Eye (Le Borgne (One Eye)) , was easily the most notorious chief—among whites—on the upper Missouri (Missouri River) at this period.
  • When he chose to accept someone as his guest, he protected that person with all the force of his character and reputation. The Hidatsas (Hidatsa Indians) finally threw him out of power in 1813, after which he withdrew and established a separate village of only a few lodges.
  • March 9, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 17, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • I felt quite as much gratifyed at this information as the Indians appeared to be. Shortly after Capt. Clark (Clark, William) arrived with the Interpreter Charbono (Charbonneau, Toussaint) , and the Indian woman (Sacagawea) , who proved to be a sister of the Chif Cameahwait (Cameahwait) .    the meeting of those people was really affecting, particularly between Sah cah-gar-we-ah (Sacagawea) and an Indian woman, who had been taken prisoner at the same time with her, and who had afterwards escaped from the Minnetares (Hidatsa Indians) and rejoined her nation.
  • on those occasions points of etiquet are quite as much attended to by the Indians as among scivilized nations. To keep indians in a good humour you must not fatiegue them with too much business at one time.   
  • August 17, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
December 17, 1804 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • Compy. tradors to go to thier forts with.    Some of the Mandans (Mandan Indians) come & Informed us that the buffaloe had come near the River again.— Monday decemr 17th    This day was clear and cold weather.    One of our Serjeants fixed a horse sled, for one of the North west traders, a number of that Company Traders being in the two Villages of the Mandan (Mandan Indians) Nation.    They trafficed with the natives for Furr, Peltry & Buffalo hides to a very considerable amount, in the afternoon some Mandan (Mandan Indians) Indians arrived at our Camp, and informed our officers, that the Buffaloes had returned near the River again— The trader was probably Hugh Heney (Heney, Hugh) ; the forts were the North West Company posts on the Assiniboine River (Assiniboine River) in Saskatchewan (Saskatchewan) and Manitoba (Manitoba) .
  • December 17, 1804
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
The Salish People and the Lewis and Clark Expedition Excerpt 5
  • These are true stories . . . Then, as time went by, the Indians saw the whiteman. They felt pity for the whiteman, because their faces were pale, whitish, and they had beards. The white men looked as if they were cold because their faces were pale and red. Then, when the Indians met the whiteman (because they had already landed), then the Indians spread out their fur blankets and motioned to the white men to sit on the blankets. Their chief told them, “Spread out the fur blankets so that the white men can sit on them because maybe they are cold.” The Indians thought the white men were cold because they were white-faced.
  • N.D.
  • Multimedia
  • Salish Pend d'Oreille Culture Committee and Elders Cultural Advisory Council, Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes
October 22, 1804 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • we passed on, and saw Eleven of the Souix (Sioux Indians) Indians coming down the River in Canoes, from the Mandan (Mandan Indians) Nation, at One oClock P.
  • October 22, 1804
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
April 11, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • M, We passed another party of Gross Vaunters (Hidatsa Indians) or Big belly (Hidatsa Indians) Indians a hunting also, on the South side of the River, we proceeded on, and Encamped in the Evening on the North side of the River having rowed 20 Miles this day.—
  • April 11, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
October 9, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark Octo. 9th    all day drying our roots good & articles which got wet in the Canoe last night.    our 2 Snake (Shoshone Indians) Indian guides (Old Toby) left us without our knowledge, The Indians troublesom    Stole my Spoon which they returned. men merry at night & Singular acts of a Ind. woman
  • October 9, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 29, 1805 - Clark, William
  • The last River we call Caterack River (Klickitat (Cataract) River) from the number of falls which the Indians inform is on it    The Indians are afraid to hunt or be on th Lard Side of this Columbia river (Columbia River) for fear of the Snake Ind.
  • Either the Wishram (Wishram-Wasco Indians) or the Dalles (Dalles Indians) Indians used Memaloose Island (Lower Memaloose Island (Sepulcher Rock)) as a burial ground.
  • Investigators report two villages in this area on the north shore of the Columbia (Columbia River) occupied by White Salmon (White Salmon Indians) and Klickitat (Klickitat Indians) peoples. Spier & Sapir, 67.
  • October 29, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
March 30, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • E. side nearly opposite to the Clan-nah-quah (Cath-lah-nah-qui-ah Indians) town.    here they informed us that the Sho-toes (Kanasisi Indians) resided.   
  • The term Clan-nah-quah (Cath-lah-nah-qui-ah Indians) may be a shortened form of the group earlier called "Cath-lah-nah-qui-ah (Cath-lah-nah-qui-ah Indians) " (see March 29, 1806).
  • The settlements in this vicinity are referred to as the Shoto (Kanasisi Indians) villages on Atlas map 88, as well as in the Estimate of Western Indians and on figs. 4, 6.
  • March 30, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
October 31, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clark [undated, October 31, 1804] black Cat (Black Cat (Posecopsahe)) or Pose-cop-sa-he (Black Cat (Posecopsahe)) 1st Chief of the Mandans (Mandan Indians) & 2d Village "I believe what you have told us in Council, & that peace will be general, which not only givs me pleasure, but Satisfaction to all the nation, they now Can hunt without fear, and our womin Can work in the fields without looking every moment for the enimey—"    as to the Ricares (Arikara Indians) we will Show you that we wish piace with all, and do not make [war] on any with out Cause, that Chief pointing to the 2d of the Village and Some young men will accompany the Ricrea (Arikara Indians) Chief home to his Nation to Smoke with that people—    When the Indians of the Different Villages heard of your Comeing up they all Came in from hunting to See, they expected Great presents.   
  • This transcript is on a loose sheet in the Voorhis Collection, Missouri Historical Society. See Indian Speeches, Miscellaneous Documents of Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and Clark (Clark, William) , Appendix C.
  • October 31, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
July 30, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • we dined at a Camp where the snake (Shoshone Indians) Indians had been camped 4 years ago, and was actacted by the Gross vauntaus (Hidatsa Indians) .    2 or three of the Snake (Shoshone Indians) nation was killed, and Several Squaws taken prisoners    our Intrepters wife (Sacagawea) was one of them.
  • the rest all mounted their horses and cleared themselves as they do not wish to fite, neither were they Strong enofe for the Grossvauntaus (Hidatsa Indians) .    one of the hunters on Shore killed a Deer.    we peroceded on    passed a verry large plain or prarie on L.
  • July 30, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
March 22, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • M. we were visited by 4 Clatsops (Clatsop Indians) and a killamucks (Tillamook Indians) ; they brought some dried Anchoveis and a dog for sale which we purchased.    the air is perefectly temperate, but it continues to rain in such a manner that there be is no possibility of geting our canoes completed.—    at 12 OCk. we were visited by Comowooll (Coboway) and 3 of the Clatsops (Clatsop Indians) .    to this Cheif we left our houses and funiture.    he has been much more kind an hospitable to us than any other indian in this neighbourhood.    the Indians departed in the evening.    the hunters all returned except Colter (Colter, John) , unsuccessfull.   
  • March 22, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
June 14, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • At noon we passed some Frenchmen from the Poenese (Pawnee Indians) or Ponis (Pawnee Indians) nation of Indians, where they spent the last winter.
  • June 14, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
October 22, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • We embarked early and went on. At 9 we saw 11 Indians of the Sioux (Sioux Indians) nation coming down from the Mandans (Mandan Indians) , who, notwithstanding the coldness of the weather, had not an article of clothing except their breech-clouts.
  • October 22, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
December 2, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • A party of the Chien (Cheyenne Indians) Indians with some of the Mandans (Mandan Indians) came to the fort: they appeared civil and good natured.
  • December 2, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
March 3, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark 3rd of March Sunday 1805 a fine Day    wind from the W, a large flock of Ducks pass up the River—visited by the black Cat (Black Cat (Posecopsahe)) , Chief of the Mandans (Mandan Indians) 2d Cheif and a Big Belley (Hidatsa Indians) , they Stayed but a Short time    we informed those Chiefs of the news recved from the Ricaras (Arikara Indians) , all hands employd
  • March 3, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
December 31, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • we built a box for the centinel to Stand in out of the rain    dug 2 Sinques &C— They were Wahkiakums (Wahkiakum Indians) and Watlalas (Watlala Indians) ("Skillutes (Watlala Indians) "), reports Clark (Clark, William) .
  • December 31, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
September 30, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • We set out early in a cloudy morning; passed black buffs on the south side, and handsome bottom prairie on the north; saw an Indian on the shore, and the chief we had on board spoke to him. He said he wished to come on board and go with us to the Rees (Arikara Indians) ; but we did not take him. The wind was fair and we made 9 miles by 10 o'clock. We saw a great number of Indians coming down to the river on the south side. We stopt for breakfast about 200 yards from the shore; then proceeded about a mile; near to the place where the Indians were encamped on the south side; we halted and spoke to them and then went on under a fine breeze of wind.
  • September 30, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
March 15, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • Drewyer (Drouillard, George) and five men Sent up to the Cathlemahs (Cathlamet Indians) village to purchase a canoe if possable    our hunters returned    had killd. four Elk.   
  • a number of the Chin-nock (Chinook Indians) nation of Savages came to the fort. Some of the Clotsops (Clatsop Indians) also Collins (Collins, John) , Joseph Field (Field, Joseph) , Shannon (Shannon, George) , and Labiche (Labiche, François) , the last having killed the elk, according to the captains.
  • From the captains' account these included the Chinook chief Delashelwilt (Delashelwilt) , "the old baud his wife," and six women whom the captains urged their men to stay away from. A Clatsop (Clatsop Indians) named Catel (Catel) and his family also came to visit.
  • March 15, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
December 25, 1805 entry by William Clark
  • December 25, 1805 entry by William Clark at day light this morning we we[re] awoke by the discharge of the fire arm of all our party & a Selute, Shoute and a Song which the whole party joined in under our windows, after which they retired to their rooms were Chearfull all the morning—    after brackfast we divided our Tobacco which amounted to 12 carrots one half of which we gave to the men of the party who used tobacco, and to those who doe not use it we make a present of a handkerchief, The Indians leave us in the evening all the party Snugly fixed in their huts—    I recved a presnt of Capt L. of a fleece hosrie Shirt Draws and Socks—, a pr. mockersons of Whitehouse a Small Indian basket of Gutherich, two Dozen white weazils tails of the Indian woman, & Some black root of the Indians before their departure...The day proved Showerey wet and disagreeable. we would have Spent this day the nativity of Christ in feasting, had we any thing either to raise our Sperits or even gratify our appetites, our Diner concisted of pore Elk, So much Spoiled that we eate it thro' mear necessity, Some Spoiled pounded fish and a fiew roots.
  • N.D.
  • Multimedia
  • Gary E. Moulton
April 23, 1806 - Clark, William
  • I over took a Choponish (Nez Perce Indians) man whome I had Seen at the long, and who had found a bag of our powder and brought it to me at that place.   
  • and 4 parties danceing at the Same time and Concluding the dance by passing promiscuisly throu & beetween each other.    after which we Sent of the Indians and retired to bed. Those people Speak a language verry Similal to the Chopunish (Nez Perce Indians) and with a very inconsiderable difference.   
  • Shabono (Charbonneau, Toussaint) made a bargin with one of the Indian men going with us, for a horse for Which he gave his Shirt.   
  • April 23, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
May 22, 1806 - Clark, William
  • M. Soon after 2 Indian men Came down on a raft and Continued with us about 3 hours and then returned to their Village.
  • at 3 P. M. we observed a number of Indians in chase of a deer on their horses on the opposit hill Sides.
  • that those Salmon trout which our hunters brought were pore and Such as were Cought in the Winter in this river and were not the kind which Comes up in the Spring of the year. great number of Indians Come to the opposit bank and inform those on this Side that the Snake (Shoshone Indians) Indians had come to a Lodge on Lewis's river (Snake (Ki-moo-e-nim, Lewis's, Southeast Branch of Columbia) River) at night.   
  • May 22, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
January 10, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • these people speak the same language with the Chinnooks (Chinook Indians) and Catsops (Clatsop Indians) whom they also resemble in their dress customs manners &c.   
  • (Clark, William) , the party and Indians with them before the villain had prepaired himself to execute his purposes.
  • Killamucks [NB: Clatsop] river (Necanicum (Clatsop) River) is 85 yards wide, rappid and 3 feet deep in the shallowest part. The Killamucks (Tillamook Indians) in their habits customs manners dress and language differ but little from the Clatsops (Clatsop Indians) & Chinnooks (Chinook Indians) .   
  • January 10, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
October 29, 1804 - Clark, William
  • The Grand village of Manetarres (Hidatsa Indians) , The One Eye (Le Borgne (One Eye)) is the principal Chief and he is out on a hunting party.   
  • Returning him to his people became a major problem to the captains in their later capacities as governor and Indian superintendent; because of Sioux (Sioux Indians) and Arikara (Arikara Indians) hostility he did not reach home until 1809.
  • He was still prominent among the Mandans (Mandan Indians) nearly thirty years later. Thwaites (EWT), 24: 22 and n. 14; Ronda (LCAI), 69, 246–47.
  • October 29, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 29, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Hidatsa Indians
  • the old Chief of the Grossanters (Hidatsa Indians) was verry restless before the Speech was half ended    observed that he Could not wait long that his Camp was exposed to the hostile Indians, &c. &.   
  • Since he appears as a chief at the Mandan (Mandan Indians) village of Rooptahee (Ruptáre (Rooptahee) village) , he is apparently not the Hidatsa (Hidatsa Indians) leader Man Wolf Chief (Man Wolf Chief (Ar-rat-toe-no-mook-gu)) .
  • October 29, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
March 29, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • on this inlet and Island the following nations reside, (viz) Clan-nah-min-na-mun (Katlaminimin Indians) , Clacks-star (Clatskanie Indians) , Cath-lah-cum-up (Cath-lah-cum-up Indians) , Clâh-in-na-ta (Clah-in-na-ta Indians) , Cath-lah-nah-qui-ah (Cath-lah-nah-qui-ah Indians) , and Cath-lah-cam-mah-tup (Cath-lah-nah-qui-ah Indians) .   
  • They have been considered Clat-skanie Indians (Clatskanie Indians) . See January 1, 1806. Atlas map 80; figs. 4, 6.
  • "Cath-lah-cum-up (Cath-lah-cum-up Indians) " is g-a-l/á-q̓map, "ones who have the mound"; "Clâh-in-nata" is unidentified; "Cath-lah-nah-qui-ah (Cath-lah-nah-qui-ah Indians) " is g-a-l/á-nak̓ waix, "those of Nakwaix"; "Cath-lah-cam-mah-tup (Cath-lah-cam-mah-tup Indians) " may be g-a-l/á-q̓max̣tup, without clear meaning.
  • March 29, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
September 30, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • S. Barron hills on S. S. See an Indian on S. S. Spoke to him.    found it was one of those we Saw at village below.   
  • we then hoisted our Sails & Sailed up to where the Indians was assembled about 200 of them on the Bank of the River S. S.   
  • passd an Island & large Sand bars on S. Side.    the old Teton (Sioux Indians, Teton) chief remained with us in order to go to the R. Rees (Arikara Indians) nation.—    We passed a large quantity of Grapes in the Bottom of Small Timber on N.
  • September 30, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
March 16, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Gurrow (Garreau, Joseph) a Frenchman who has lived many years with the Ricares (Arikara Indians) & Mandans (Mandan Indians) shewed us the process used by those Indians to make beads.    the discovery of this art these nations are said to have derived from the Snake (Shoshone Indians) Indians who have been taken prisoners by the Ricaras (Arikara Indians) .   
  • He was an interpreter and trader among the Arikaras (Arikara Indians) and Mandans (Mandan Indians) for various concerns for some forty years.
  • March 16, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
September 10, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • the Indians were mounted on very fine horses of which the Flatheads (Flathead Indians) have a great abundance; that is, each man in the nation possesses from 20 to a hundred head.   
  • The hunter was Colter (Colter, John) . The Indians' description of their country matches the Nez Perce (Nez Perce Indians) homeland in Idaho (Idaho) , and they were probably of that tribe, not Flatheads (Flathead Indians) (Salish (Flathead Indians) ). This may be an instance of using the term "Flathead (Flathead Indians) " broadly, for many tribes west of the Continental Divide (Continental Divide) .
  • September 10, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
April 7, 1806 - Clark, William
  • we were visited by Several parties of Indians from a Village about 12 miles above us of the Sahhalah (Watlala Indians) nation.   
  • I hope now we have a Sufficient Stock of dryed meat to Serve us as far as the Chopunnish (Nez Perce Indians) provided we can obtain a fiew dogs, horses and roots by the way.   
  • which we have observed in every Vilege in this Vally as well as those above.    this Indian also informed me the multnomah (Willamette (Multnomah) River) above the falls was Crouded with rapids and thickly inhabited by indians of the Cal-lah-po-é-wah (Kalapuya Indians) Nation.   
  • April 7, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William

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