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Part 2: Estimate of the Western Indians - Clark, William
  • Clatskanie Indians
  • Pisquow Indians
  • Walula Indians
  • Winter 1805-1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 1, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Kun-na-nar-wesh (Arapaho Indians) (tUhkaNIhnaawíš ), "gray-stone village," the Arikara (Arikara Indians) name for the Arapahoes (Arapaho Indians) ; the term "gray stone" may have referred metaphorically to blue beads.
  • Cat-tar kah (Kiowa Apache (Cartarkah) Indians) (katAhká). In modern Arikara (Arikara Indians) the term refers to "white man"; however, the same term in the closely related Pawnee (Pawnee Indians) language means "alien tribe" and was used to designate the Kiowa Apaches (Kiowa Apache (Cartarkah) Indians) . Kie-wah (Kiowa Indians) (ka'íWA), "Kiowa (Kiowa Indians) ." Too war Sar (Toowar Sar Indians) (tuwaásA).
  • October 1, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
Part 2: Estimate of the Eastern Indians - Unknown
  • Part 2: Estimate of the Eastern Indians - Unknown
  • Cheyenne Indians
  • Ute Indians
  • Winter 1804-1805
  • Journals
  • Unknown
November 12, 1804 - Clark, William
  • [NB: afraid] of them    after they were reduced the Sioux (Sioux Indians) and other Indians waged war, and killed a great maney, and they moved up the Missourie (Missouri River) , those Indians Still continued to wage war, and they moved Still higher, untill they got in the Countrey of the Panias (Pawnee Indians) , whith this ntn. [nation] they lived in friendship maney years, inhabiting the Same neighbourhood untill that people waged war, They moved up near the watersoons (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) & winataree (Hidatsa Indians) where they now live in peace with those nations, the mandans Specke a language peculial to themselves 〈verry much〉 they can rase about 350 men, the Winatarees (Hidatsa Indians) [NB: 〈or〉 the 〈600, 700〉 Wittassoons (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) or Maharha (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) 80] about 80 and the Big bellies (Hidatsa Indians) [NB: or Minitarres (Hidatsa Indians) ] about 600 or 650 men. the mandans (Mandan Indians) and Seauex (Sioux Indians) [X: 〈Shoe (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) Tribe of Minataras (Hidatsa Indians) 〉] have the Same word for water—    The Big bellies (Hidatsa Indians) [NB: or] Winitarees (Hidatsa Indians) & ravin [NB: & Wattassoons (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) , as also the Crow (Crow Indians) (or Raven (Crow Indians) )] Indians Speake nearly the Same language and the presumption is they were origionally the Same nation    The Ravin (Crow Indians) Indians "have 400 Lodges & about 1200 men, & follow the Buffalow, or hunt for their Subsistance in the plains & on the Court noi (Black Hills) & Rock Mountains (Rocky Mountains) , & are at war with the Sioux (Sioux Indians) Snake (Paiute Indians) Indians["] The Big bellies (Hidatsa Indians) & Watersoons (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) are at war with the Snake (Paiute Indians) Indians & Seauex (Sioux Indians) , and were at war with the Ricares (Arikara Indians) untill we made peace a fiew days passd.—    The Mandans (Mandan Indians) are at War with all who make war on them, at present with the Seauex (Sioux Indians) only, and wish to be at peace with all nations, Seldom the agressors— Probably venereal disease, about which they would be more frank in later entries.
  • April 1810], Jackson (LLC), 2:520. The Mandan (Mandan Indians) word for water is miniŋ ; the Hidatsa (Hidatsa Indians) term is mirí.
  • November 12, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
Part 2: Estimate of the Western Indians - Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
  • Yakima Indians
  • Salishan Indians
  • Clatsop Indians
  • Winter 1805-1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
August 3, 1804 - Clark, William
  • — about boys. The Osage (Osage Indians) & Kansies (Kansa Indians) are the Same language the Ottoes (Oto Indians) & Mahars (Omaha Indians) Speek many words of the Osarge (Osage Indians) language The Ottos (Oto Indians) , Aiaways (Iowa Indians) [Iowas (Iowa Indians) ], & Missouries (Missouri Indians) Speake the Same language the Panies (Pawnee Indians) & Recreries (Arikara Indians) [Arikaras (Arikara Indians) ] Speak the Same language also the Loups (Pawnee Indians, Loup or Skiri) [Skiris (Pawnee Indians, Loup or Skiri) ] & repub. (Pawnee Indians, Republican or Kitkahahki) [Republican (Pawnee Indians, Republican or Kitkahahki) Pawnees (Pawnee Indians) , or Kitkahahki (Pawnee Indians, Republican or Kitkahahki) ] the Mahar (Omaha Indians) , & Poncarar (Ponca Indians) [Poncas (Ponca Indians) ] the Same Language The Cheaun (Cheyenne Indians) [Cheyennes (Cheyenne Indians) ], Mandin (Mandan Indians) & Grovanter (Hidatsa Indians) [Gros Ventres (Hidatsa Indians) , or Hidatsas (Hidatsa Indians) ] the Same The Probibility is that those defferant tribes have once formed 〈one〉 3 great nats.    Viz: the Missouries (Missouri Indians) , Osarge (Osage Indians) , Kanzes (Kansa Indians) , Ottoes (Oto Indians) , Mahars (Omaha Indians) , & Poncaras (Ponca Indians) & Aiauaies (Iowa Indians) [Iowas (Iowa Indians) ] one nation.
  • August 3, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
December 1, 1804 - Clark, William
  • 〈to be inserted this〉    Three Pawnees (Pawnee Indians) accompd these Chayennes (Cheyenne Indians) —    The Mandans (Mandan Indians) call all ricaras (Arikara Indians) Pawnees (Pawnee Indians) ; don't 〈know〉 use the name of rics (Arikara Indians) . but the rics (Arikara Indians) call themselves Rics (Arikara Indians) ]    The mandans (Mandan Indians) apprehended danger from the Shar ha (Cheyenne Indians) s as they were at peace with the Seaux (Sioux Indians) ; and wished to Kill them and the Ricaree (Arikara Indians) s (or Panies (Pawnee Indians) ) but the Cheifs informed the nation ["]it was our wish that they Should not be hurt, and forbid being Killed &c."   
  • (Clark (Clark, William) also uses "Rees (Arikara Indians) ," later a common abbreviation for "Arikaree (Arikara Indians) ." Biddle (Biddle, Nicholas) is noting the fact that the Mandans (Mandan Indians) called the Pawnees (Pawnee Indians) and Arikaras (Arikara Indians) by the same name.
  • December 1, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 27, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Atlas map 29; MRC map 52. "Big Bellies (Hidatsa Indians) " is a literal translation of the French gros ventres (Hidatsa Indians) , otherwise known as the Minitaris (Hidatsa Indians) , and now called the Hidatsas (Hidatsa Indians) . The term Hidatsa (Hidatsa Indians) may come from hiráaca with an uncertain etymology. Minitari (Hidatsa Indians) is from mi ŋintari (literally, "water ford"), the Mandan (Mandan Indians) designation for the Hidatsas (Hidatsa Indians) based on a loan word borrowed from the Hidatsa (Hidatsa Indians) language.
  • All the Hidatsas (Hidatsa Indians) seem to have had a stronger military tradition than the Mandans (Mandan Indians) .
  • October 27, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
Part 5: Missouri River Miscellany - Clark, William
  • Their Trade, Cultivation & mode of Life. The Osage (Osage Indians) , Kansas (Kansa Indians) , Ottoes (Oto Indians) & Missouri (Missouri Indians) , Pania (Pawnee Indians) , Republican (Pawnee Indians, Republican or Kitkahahki) & Loups (Pawnee Indians, Loup or Skiri) , Ayauwais (Iowa Indians) Saukies (Sauk Indians) & Renars (Fox Indians) , Ricaras (Arikara Indians) Mandans (Mandan Indians) , Menatarres (Hidatsa Indians) & Ma har,hars (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) live in Vilages and raise Corn beeen, Semmins &c. artichoaks all except the three latter nations Trade with the merchants from St.
  • Shape, Sise, Colr and Dress & Amusements. The Indians of the Missoury (Missouri River) is will Shaped Generally    The Sioux (Sioux Indians) Ottoes (Oto Indians) & Missouri (Missouri Indians) are Smaller than the Indians are Generally.
  • The Sioux (Sioux Indians) & Assinniboin (Assiniboine River) s (Assiniboine Indians) the Same Language—    The Mandans (Mandan Indians) some fiew words of Several language (They lern with great facility)    The Minitarres (Hidatsa Indians) Ma har ha (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) Crow (Crow Indians) & fall (Atsina Indians) Indians Speake the Same language    The Ottoes (Oto Indians) Missoures (Missouri Indians) Ayuwuais (Iowa Indians) , & [Poucons (Winnebago Indians) ?]
  • Winter 1804-1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 27, 1804 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • M. we came to the first Village of the Mandan (Mandan Indians) nation of Indians, This Village contain'd between 50 & 60 lodges, built in the same form that the Rick A Ree (Arikara Indians) Indian lodges were built, and is situated on a high plain, which 〈is〉 lay on the South side of the Mesouri River (Missouri River) ,—    The Mandan (Mandan Indians) Indians are in general Stout, well made Men; and they are the lighest coulour'd Indians I ever saw, We stopped at this Village about 2 hours, and then proceeded on, about one Mile above the 2nd Village of the Mandans (Mandan Indians) , and encamped on a lage Sand beach, near a bottom covered with Timber, The officers had encamped here in Order to hold a Council with the Mandan (Mandan Indians) nation & the Gross Vaunter (Hidatsa Indians) & Water Soix (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) nation of Indians who all reside near each other, and are friendly to one another, These Indians do not bury their deceas'd as the other nations living on the Mesouri (Missouri River) do, The manner in which they treat them, is by placing them on a high Scaffold, wrapped up in Buffalo Robes, we saw Several of their deceased placed on Scaffolds, and was inform'd of it being their custom by the Interpreters among us.—    It was about 11 o'Clock A.
  • The writer is using the French term Gros Ventres (Hidatsa Indians) , "big bellies (Hidatsa Indians) ," who were also called Watersoons (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) (spelled variously); they are Hidatsas (Hidatsa Indians) .
  • October 27, 1804
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
July 21, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • Up this river live three nations of Indians, the Otos (Oto Indians) , Panis (Pawnee Indians) , and Loos (Pawnee Indians, Loup or Skiri) , or Wolf (Pawnee Indians, Loup or Skiri) Indians.
  • No one else used this name for the Platte River (Platte River (Nebr.)) , but it is a free translation—and an accurate description—of the Indian and French names. The river reaches the Missouri (Missouri River) between Cass (Cass County, Nebr.)
  • Gass (Gass, Patrick) refers to the Oto (Oto Indians) , the Pawnee (Pawnee Indians) , and the Skiri (Pawnee Indians, Loup or Skiri) or Loup (Pawnee Indians, Loup or Skiri) (Wolf (Pawnee Indians, Loup or Skiri) ) Pawnee (Pawnee Indians) Indians.
  • July 21, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
October 30, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clark (Clark, William) Mandans (Mandan Indians) Ka gar no mogh ge (Little Crow (Ka-goh-ha-me)) the 2d Chief of the 2d Village of Mandins (Mandan Indians) Came the 30t of Octr. and Spoke to us as follows.   
  • I am going with, the Chief of the ricares (Arikara Indians) to Smoke a pipe with that nation—    I concluded to go down Mockerson Indians The principal Chief of the Wau te Soon (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) Came and Spoke a fiew words on Various Subjects not much to the purpose.   
  • Included on this sheet is the following (see also October 1, 1804): Ricare (Arikara Indians) Name for Dift. Nations Shar ha (Cheyenne Indians) or Dog Indians   in the open Prarie West Ki a wah (Kiowa Indians) } all those nations live the West & South West of the Rickaries (Arikara Indians) Nation Kun na war wih (Arapaho Indians) Wa na tar wer (Wanatarwer Indians) War too che work koo (Wartoocheworkkoo Indians) An nah hose (Annahhose Indians) Te pah cus (Tepahcus) Car tar kah (Kiowa Apache (Cartarkah) Indians) This transcript immediately follows the previous speech on the same sheet, suggesting that it was made on the same day.
  • October 30, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 21, 1806 - Clark, William
  • that their young men had Stolen the horses of the Minetarras (Hidatsa Indians) , in retaliation for those enjories the Mandans (Mandan Indians) & Menetarras (Hidatsa Indians) had Sent out a war party and killed 2 ricaras (Arikara Indians) .   
  • that the Ricaras (Arikara Indians) had every wish to be friendly with the Mandans (Mandan Indians) &c.   
  • I told the Ricaras (Arikara Indians) that they had told us lies, they promised to be at peace with the mandans (Mandan Indians) & Menetarras (Hidatsa Indians) .   
  • August 21, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
January 1, 1806 - Clark, William
  • E of the Columbia River (Columbia River) and on a Small river, and as I am informed by the Clot-sops (Clatsop Indians) inhabit 10 Villages 6 of them on the ocian & 4 on the Little river, those Ca-la-mmox (Tillamook Indians) are said not to be noumerous    Speake the Clotsop (Clatsop Indians) language 1st Chief O-co-no (O-co-no) 5th Calt-har-ma (Cathlamet Indians) r Tribe reside in one village of large Houses built of Split boards and neetly made, on the S.
  • Ca-la-mox (Tillamook Indians) (Tillamooks (Tillamook Indians) , see note at January 8, 1806)      The chief's name is unidentificable.
  • The identity of the Claxter (Clatskanie Indians) Indians, or more commonly Claxstar (Clatskanie Indians) , is not completely clear.
  • January 1, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
January 13, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • E. of the entrance of the river, who reside in the order in which their names are mentioned, begining at the entrance of the river (viz) The Clatsop (Clatsop Indians) , Killamuck (Tillamook Indians) , Ne-cost, Nat-ti, Nat-chies, Tarl-che (Tillamook Indians) , E-slitch (Tillamook Indians) , You-cone (Alsea Indians) and So-see (Alsea Indians) .   
  • In his subsequent entry for January 25, Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) corrected himself to say that these groups named after the Tillamooks (Tillamook Indians) (Killamucks (Tillamook Indians) ) were actually different bands of the Tillamook Indians (Tillamook Indians) (see also the Estimate of Western Indians). However, most of these names refer to villages of the Alsea (Alsea Indians) and Yaquina (Yaquina Indians) Indians, speakers of the Alsean language, who resided below the Tillamooks (Tillamook Indians) on the north-central Oregon (Oregon) coast.
  • January 13, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
November 3, 1804 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • After a march of 6 miles we Arivd. at the first Village of mandans, with our two Interprators One of the mandans (Mandan Indians) & one of the Grosvauinties (Hidatsa Indians) , thinking to be Reignd. forsd. [reinforced] by a party of Each Nation With a Detachment from the 〈Watoonse〉 Watesoons (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) Nation like-ways, as they and Groce Vaunties (Hidatsa Indians) , are Nigh Neighbours to the Mandans (Mandan Indians) Nation    but after we Arivd.
  • this Evening, being very cold, the Officers had some Whiskey served out to the Men that was on the March which revived them much, & they all Retired to their Huts.— Here the writer summarizes the events for the remainder of the month as it is also given in the fair copy. Sioux (Sioux Indians) and Arikaras (Arikara Indians) . Gros Ventres (Hidatsa Indians) , that is, the Hidatsas (Hidatsa Indians) .
  • November 3, 1804
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
June 15, 1804 - Floyd, Charles
  • Bear Den (Charbonneau's, Indian) Creek
  • Floyd Friday June 15th    we Set out at 5 oclock 〈of te〉 after much Feteaged of yesterdays works    pased a Creek on the South Side Calleded Indian Creek (Bear Den (Charbonneau's, Indian) Creek)    〈no〉 it is about 15 yards wide    Good Level Land    〈eneo〉 ouer hunters Killed 4 Bars and 3 Deer    Strong water    encampt on the N Side opset to antent old villag of Missures (Missouri Indians) Indians but the 〈Indian village famley lived the ossage but the〉 Saukies (Sauk Indians) beng two trobelsom for them was forst to move and take protections under the Gran ossags (Great Osage Indians) as they war Redused Small    handsom a prarie as ever eney man saw    the river is 3 miles wide hear Grand, or Great, Osage Indians (Great Osage Indians) .
  • June 15, 1804
  • Journals
  • Floyd, Charles
February 28, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Gravelin (Gravelines, Joseph) two frenchmen & two Inds. arrive from the Ricara (Arikara Indians) Nation with Letters from Mr. Anty Tabeaux (Tabeau, Pierre-Antoine) , informing us of the peaceable dispositions of that nation towards the Mandans (Mandan Indians) & Me ne ta res (Hidatsa Indians) & their avowed intentions of pursueing our Councils & advice, they express a wish to visit the Mandans (Mandan Indians) , & Know if it will be agreeable to them to admit the Ricaras (Arikara Indians) to Settle near them and join them against their common Enimey the Souis (Sioux Indians) we mentioned this to the mandans (Mandan Indians) , who observed they had always wished to be at peace and good neighbours with the Ricaras (Arikara Indians) , and it is also the Sentiments of all the Big Bellies (Hidatsa Indians) , & Shoe (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) Nations Mr. Gravilin (Gravelines, Joseph) informs that the Sisetoons (Sioux Indians, Sisseton) and the 3 upper bands of the Tetons (Sioux Indians, Teton) , with the Yanktons (Sioux Indians, Yankton) of the North intend to come to war in a Short time against the nations in this quarter, & will Kill everry white man they See—    Mr.
  • Several lines were crossed out here, from "a Root and . . . to Scarify," with red ink and apparently by Biddle. The Chippewas (Chippewa Indians) , or Ojibways (Chippewa Indians) , are an Algonquian-language people.
  • February 28, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
November 14, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Chippewa Indians
  • our Interpeter informs that 70 Lodges one of 3 bands of Assinniboins (Assiniboine Indians) & Some Crestinoes (Cree Indians) , are at the Mandan (Mandan Indians) Village.
  • Clark's (Clark, William) statement that they "Speak the Chipaway (Chippewa Indians) " refers to the Chippewas (Chippewa Indians) , or Ojibways (Chippewa Indians) , who also spoke an Algonquian tongue.
  • November 14, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
March 10, 1805 - Clark, William
  • we are visited by the Black mockersons (Black Moccasin (Omp-se-ha-ra)) , Chief of the 2d Manetarre (Hidatsa Indians) Village and the Chief of the Shoeman (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) [NB: Shoe (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) or Mocassin Tr (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) :] Village or Mah hâ ha (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) V. [NB: Wattassoans (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) ]    those Chiefs Stayed all day and the latter all night and gave us man[y] Strang accounts of his nation &c    this Little tribe or band of Menitaraies (Hidatsa Indians) Call themselves Ah-nah-hâ-way (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) or people whose village is on the hill. [NB: Insert this Ahnahaway (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) is the nation Mahhaha the village (Mahawha (Marharha) village) ]    nation formerleyed lived about 30 miles below this but beeing oppressed by the Asinniboins (Assiniboine Indians) & Sous (Sioux Indians) were Compelled to move 〈near〉 5 miles the Minitaries (Hidatsa Indians) , where, the Assinniboins (Assiniboine Indians) Killed the most of them    those remaining built a village verry near to the Minitarries (Atsina Indians) at the mouth of Knife R (Knife River) where they now live and Can raise about 50 men, they are intermixed with the Mandans (Mandan Indians) & Minatariers (Hidatsa Indians) —    the Mandans (Mandan Indians) formerly lived in 6 [NB: nine] large villages at and above the mouth of Chischeter (Heart (Ches-che-tar and similar spellings) River) or Heart River (Heart (Ches-che-tar and similar spellings) River)    five [NB: six] Villages on the West Side [NB: of the Missouri] & two [NB: three] on the East    one of those Villages on the East Side of the Missouri (Missouri River) & the larges was intirely Cut off by the Sioux (Sioux Indians) & the greater part of the others and the Small Pox reduced the others.
  • March 10, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
November 30, 1804 - Clark, William
  • two Ricaree (Arikara Indians) s whome we Sent home this day for fear of our peoples Killing them in their greaf—informed us when they Came here Several days ago, that two Towns of the Ricares (Arikara Indians) were makeing their Mockersons, and that we had best take care of Our horses &
  • "—    a number of Sieuex (Sioux Indians) were in their Towns, and they believed not well disposed towards us—    four of the Wetersoons (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) are now absent they were to have been back in 16 days    they have been Out 24    we fear they have fallen.   
  • Children, and let you See that the Wariers of your great father will Chastize the enimies of his dutifull Children the Mandans (Mandan Indians) , wetersoons (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) & Winitarees (Hidatsa Indians) , who have opend. their ears to his advice—    you Say that the Panies (Pawnee Indians) or Ricares (Arikara Indians) were with the Sciaux (Sioux Indians) ,    Some bad men may have been with the Sciaux (Sioux Indians)    you know there is bad men in all nations, do not get mad with the racarees (Arikara Indians) untill we know if those bad men are Counternoncd. by their nation, and we are Convsd. those people do not intend to follow our Councils—    you know that the Sceaux (Sioux Indians) have great influence over the ricarees (Arikara Indians) and perhaps have led Some of them astray—    you know that the Ricarees (Arikara Indians) , are Dependant on the Sceaux (Sioux Indians) for their guns, powder, & Ball, and it was policy in them to keep on as good terms as possible with the Siaux (Sioux Indians) untill they had Some other means of getting those articles &c. &.   
  • November 30, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
July 28, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • Pigeon (Beaver, Indian Knob, Round-Knob) Creek (Iowa)
  • Pigeon (Beaver, Indian Knob, Round-Knob) Creek (Iowa)
  • A Missouri (Missouri Indians) Indian, according to Clark (Clark, William) . Drouillard (Drouillard, George) was one of the hunters.
  • July 28, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
August 3, 1804 - Clark, William
  • we prepare to rec've it—    The man Liberty (La Liberté) whome we Sent for the Ottoes (Oto Indians) has not Come up    he left the Ottoes (Oto Indians) Town one Day before the Indians.
  • and I am told Senteral to Several nations    Viz. one Days march from the Ottoe (Oto Indians) Town, one Day & a half from the great Pania (Pawnee Indians) village, 2 days from the Mahar (Omaha Indians) Towns, two ¼ Days from the Loups (Pawnee Indians, Loup or Skiri) Village, & Convenient to the Countrey thro: which Bands of the Soux (Sioux Indians) [NB: rove &] hunt.   
  • Clark (Clark, William) may refer to the village of the Grand (Chawi) (Pawnee Indians, Grand or Chawi) and Republican (Kitkahahki) (Pawnee Indians, Republican or Kitkahahki) Pawnees (Pawnee Indians) .
  • August 3, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
Part 2: Estimate of the Western Indians - Clark, William
  • Part 2: Estimate of the Western Indians - Clark, William
  • Watlala Indians
  • Side of Columbia (Columbia River) 17 Clan-nah-queh (Chinook Indians) Tribe on Multnomahs (Mult-no-mah Indians) on the S.
  • Winter 1805-1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 25, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Hidatsa Indians
  • E by E passed an (1) old Village on a high Plain where the Mandans (Mandan Indians) onced lived & after they lef[t] the Village & moved higher the Ricaras (Arikara Indians) took possession & live until 1799 when they abandoned it & flew from the just revenge of the Mandans (Mandan Indians) , a verry extensive Bottom above the Village above the Center of which (2) the Mandans (Mandan Indians) lived in the 2 villages on the L.
  • Different sources attribute his death to the Assinniboin (Assiniboine River) es (Assiniboine Indians) , the "Gros Ventres (Hidatsa Indians) ," and the Mandans (Mandan Indians) .
  • October 25, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 16, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clark (Clark, William) Ottoes (Oto Indians) returned to the Village 4th of August, the Panies (Pawnee Indians) the 15th of August.
  • Some of it clearly belongs to the period at the "Fishing Camp (Fish Camp) ." The "Wattesoons (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) ," a group of many names, were the Awaxawi (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) , a division of the Minitari (Hidatsa Indians) , or Hidatsa (Hidatsa Indians) , people (see October 27, 1804). The spelling of the original is by no means clear, but the location of this tribe relative to the Mandans (Mandan Indians) and "Wattesoons (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) " leaves no doubt that Clark (Clark, William) meant some variation of "Minitari (Hidatsa Indians) " (Hidatsa (Hidatsa Indians) ).
  • August 16, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
Part 2: Estimate of the Western Indians - Unknown
  • Part 2: Estimate of the Western Indians - Unknown
  • One is titled "Indian Names" and appears to be a preliminary list of Indian tribal names but with no additional comments. Another, single sheet is titled, "A List of the Nations and tribs of Indians residing West of the Rocky Mountains (Rocky Mountains) &c." Clark (Clark, William) there lists the following tribes, giving some marginal comments very similar to those in the lists below: Clat Sops (Clatsop Indians) , Chnnooks (Chinook Indians) , Wau-ki-e-coms (Wahkiakum Indians) , Cath-lah-mah (Cathlamet Indians) s, Skellutes (Watlala Indians) , Cal-la-mah's (Tillamook Indians) , and Quath-lah-pottles (Cathlapotle Indians) .
  • Winter 1805-1806
  • Journals
  • Unknown
September 24, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • The guard and cooks only landed, the rest slept in the boat. The five Indians remained with us all night. We had a Frenchman aboard a periogue, who understood and could speak a little of the Sioux (Sioux Indians) language.
  • These Indians are a band of the Sioux (Sioux Indians) , called the Tinton (Sioux Indians, Teton) or Teeton-Band (Sioux Indians, Teton) . Colter (Colter, John) . Teton (Sioux Indians, Teton) Sioux (Sioux Indians) ; see note at Clark's (Clark, William) entry for this date.
  • September 24, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
July 28, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Pigeon (Beaver, Indian Knob, Round-Knob) Creek (Iowa)
  • S. above this Bluff, as this Creek has no name call it Indian Knob Creek (Pigeon (Beaver, Indian Knob, Round-Knob) Creek (Iowa))    our party on Shore Came to the river and informs that they heard fireing to the S W.    below this High Land on the S. S. the Aiawuay (Iowa Indians) [Iowa (Iowa Indians) ] Indians formerly lived, 〈below this old village about 〈7〉 5 miles passed Some monds on the L S. in a bend Where the Otteauze (Oto Indians) Indians formerly lived, This Situation I examined found it well situated for Defence    about 2 or 300 acres of Land Covered with mounds〉    The flank came in & informed they heard two Guns to the S.
  • July 28, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 31, 1804 - Clark, William
  • and other traders. The Dakotas (Sioux Indians) (Sioux (Sioux Indians) ), Poncas (Ponca Indians) , Omahas (Omaha Indians) , Osages (Osage Indians) , and Kansas (Kansa Indians) all spoke languages belonging to the Siouan language family.
  • On linguistic grounds, the Dakotas (Sioux Indians) may be classified in three regional divisions from east to west: Santee (Sioux Indians, Santee) , Yankton (Sioux Indians, Yankton) -Yanktonai (Sioux Indians, Yanktonai) , and Teton (Sioux Indians, Teton) .
  • Four of the seven "council fires" were Santee (Sioux Indians, Santee) : Mdewakantons (Sioux Indians, Mdewakanton) , Waḣpekutes (Sioux Indians, Wapekute) , Sissetons (Sioux Indians, Sisseton) , and Waḣpetons (Sioux Indians, Wahpeton) ; the other three were the Yanktons (Sioux Indians, Yankton) , Yanktonais (Sioux Indians, Yanktonai) , and Tetons (Sioux Indians, Teton) .
  • August 31, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 31, 1804 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • Whitehouse Wednesday October 31st    This morning we had fine pleasant Weather, the Indians not having sent our Officers an answer to their request yet.   
  • Captain Clark (Clark, William) and several of our Men went down to the Second 〈Town〉 Village of the Mandan (Mandan Indians) Indians, The head Chiefs of this Village gave Captain Clark (Clark, William) between 9 & 10 bushels of Indian Corn and some Buffalo Robes, and behaved to him very friendly.— The Men that went with Captain Clark (Clark, William) found among the Indians at this Village, Corn, Beans, Simlins, and many kind of Garden Vegetables, They & the Rick a Ree (Arikara Indians) nation are the only Indians that we saw that cultivated the Earth, that reside on the Mesouri River (Missouri River) .—    Their Village consisted of about 200 Lodges built in the manner, that the Rick a Ree (Arikara Indians) build their lodges.—    This Village we supposed contained 1500 Souls.   
  • Dak.) , North Dakota (North Dakota) , called the Black Cat site (Black Cat site) after the village chief of Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and Clark's (Clark, William) time. The Otos (Oto Indians) , Missouris (Missouri Indians) , Omahas (Omaha Indians) , and Poncas (Ponca Indians) all practiced agriculture, but either the party did not meet them or Whitehouse (Whitehouse, Joseph) did not see their villages.
  • October 31, 1804
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
April 2, 1806 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • Clackamas (Clarkamos) Indians
  • We proceeded on 9 Miles further down the River, & halted at a Village of Indians.    These Indians belonged to a band called the Wyahoots (Watlala Indians) , which are a part of the flatt had Nation (Flathead Indians) .—    We found in this Village, a few old Indians of that tribe; who gave us a few dried Salmon to eat, which were not very good.   
  • Whitehouse (Whitehouse, Joseph) revives the myth of Welsh Indians (Welsh Indians) one last time.
  • April 2, 1806
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
October 24, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • At 12 we came to a hunting party of the Mandan (Mandan Indians) nation of Indians, and remained with them untill 2 and then continued our voyage.
  • We encamped on the north side. Five of the Indians came to us, and our Indian went over with them and returned in the morning. The Arikara (Arikara Indians) chief, Toone (Toone) or Arketarnashar (Toone) , who had accompanied them in hopes of making peace with the Mandans (Mandan Indians) .
  • October 24, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
August 31, 1804 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • Friday August 31st    This morning we had pleasant Weather.    The Indians sett off for their Towns early & crossed the River; taking a friendly leave of us all, The Indians were of the Soiux (Sioux Indians) Nation, and Tribe of Debois-B-ruly (Sioux Indians, Brulé or Bois Brule) , or the Burning Woods.— The Council Bluff (Council Bluff (Nebr.)) lies in Latitude 41° 17' North A passable translation of Bois Brulé (Sioux Indians, Brulé or Bois Brule) ; however, these people were in fact Yankton (Sioux Indians, Yankton) Sioux (Sioux Indians) .
  • August 31, 1804
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
September 16, 1806 - Gass, Patrick
  • We proceeded on early, and at 9 o'clock met a large periogue with eight men, going to trade with the Ponis (Pawnee Indians) nation of Indians on the river Platte (Platte River (Nebr.))
  • At 11 we met a batteaux and two canoes going up to the Kanowas nation (Kansa Indians) , who live on a river of the same name. We halted with them a while, then proceeded on, and at sunset encamped on an island. Ordway (Ordway, John) says they were going to trade with the Kansa Indians (Kansa Indians) . Kansa Indians (Kansa Indians) .
  • September 16, 1806
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
July 28, 1806 - Gass, Patrick
  • See Lewis's (Lewis, Meriwether) account of this episode in his journal entries of July 26–27. These Indians were Piegan Blackfeet (Blackfeet Indians, Piegan) . Gass (Gass, Patrick) follows Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) in identifying them as Gros Ventres (Hidatsa Indians) , that is, Atsinas (Atsina Indians) , who were allies of the Blackfeet (Blackfeet Indians) . Non-Indians referred to them as Gros Ventres, or Big Bellies, of the Prairie (Atsina Indians) , as distinguished from the Gros Ventres of the Missouri (Hidatsa Indians) , who were the Hidatsas (Hidatsa Indians) , a wholly unrelated people. By Lewis's (Lewis, Meriwether) account the Indians seized the guns of all four of the party; the Field brothers (Field, Joseph and Reubin) pursued, and Reubin (Field, Reubin) stabbed the Piegan (Blackfeet Indians, Piegan) .
  • July 28, 1806
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
April 7, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark 7th of April Satturday 1805 a windey day, The Interpreter we Sent to the Villages returned with Chief of the Ricara's (Arikara Indians) & 3 men of that nation    this Chief informed us that he was Sent by his nation to Know the despositions of the nations in this neighbourhood in respect to the recara's Settleing near them, that he had not yet made those arrangements, he request that we would Speek to the Assinniboins (Assiniboine Indians) , & Crow (Crow Indians) Inds. in their favour, that they wished to follow our directions and be at peace with all, he viewed all nations in this quarter well disposed except the Sioux (Sioux Indians) . The wish of those recaras appears to be a junction with the Mandans (Mandan Indians) & Minetarras (Hidatsa Indians) in a Defensive war with the Sioux (Sioux Indians) who rob them of every Spece [species] of property in Such a manner that they Cannot live near them any longer. I told this Chief we were glad to See him, and we viewed his nation as the Dutifull Children of 〈his〉 a Great father who would extend his protection to 〈them〉 all those who would open their ears to his good advice, we had already Spoken to the Assinniboins (Assiniboine Indians) , and Should Speeke to the Crow (Crow Indians) Indians if we Should See them &c.   
  • April 7, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 12, 1804 - Clark, William
  • I Saw Some of the 〈Chien (Cheyenne Indians) or Dog〉 [NB: Chyenne (Cheyenne Indians) ] Indians, also a 〈fiew〉 man of a nation under the Court new—    This nation is at war with the Crow Indians (Crow Indians) & have 3 Children prisoners.
  • Dak.) , was the one composed of nine separate groups of people, and says "The other two villages are Ricaries (Arikara Indians) proper." The reference to "Panias (Pawnee Indians) " (Pawnees (Pawnee Indians) ) refers to their being of the same Caddoan language family as the Pawnees (Pawnee Indians) .
  • Possibly they were Kiowas (Kiowa Indians) , some of whom were still near the Black Hills (Black Hills) near the end of the eighteenth century, or possibly Arapahoes (Arapaho Indians) .
  • October 12, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
September 5, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Sergeant Ordway (Ordway, John) says, "we suppose that they are the welch (Welsh Indians) Indians if their is any such from the language." The badger, Taxidea taxus. Burroughs, 72. The Indians may have referred not only to the modern Flatheads (Flathead Indians) but also to linguistically related groups like the Pend d'Oreilles (Pend d'Oreille Indians) and Kalispells (Kalispel Indians) . Clark's (Clark, William) name may represent a Flathead (Flathead Indians) term, ul-išú-t, "those down below."
  • September 5, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 3, 1805 - Clark, William
  • No. 14 Minitarras (Hidatsa Indians) Buffalow robe Containing Some articles of Indian dress.    
  • also    13 red fox Skins.    1 white Hare Skin &.    4 horns of the mountain ram    1 Robe representing a battle between the Sioux (Sioux Indians) & Ricaras (Arikara Indians) , [ML: against the] Minetarras (Hidatsa Indians) and Mandans (Mandan Indians) .    
  • It is an inhabitant of evergreen forests, and some Mandan (Mandan Indians) or Hidatsa (Hidatsa Indians) had probably obtained the skin in trade.
  • April 3, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
September 4, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Biddle (Biddle, Nicholas) does not use the term "Flathead (Flathead Indians) " for these people, but the captains used the term both in their journals and in the Estimate of Eastern Indians, indicating that they had heard it before meeting these people, perhaps at the Mandan (Mandan Indians) -Hidatsa (Hidatsa Indians) villages. The sign language term for the Salish (Flathead Indians) suggests a flattening of the sides of the heads. Sergeant Gass (Gass, Patrick) used the name "Flat-head (Flathead Indians) " in his published journal, perhaps helping to fasten the name on the Salish (Flathead Indians) . The name "Tushepau (Flathead Indians) " (or Tushepaw (Flathead Indians) ) apparently represents the Shoshone (Shoshone Indians) term tatasiba, "the people with shaved heads," meaning the Flatheads (Flathead Indians) .
  • September 4, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 29, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • We had again a clear day, and some of the principal men came from each village of the Mandans (Mandan Indians) , from the Watasoons (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) , Sioux (Sioux Indians) , and one from the Grossventers (Hidatsa Indians) ; and all sat in council together.
  • Captain Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) gave an iron mill to the Mandan (Mandan Indians) nation to grind their corn, with which they were highly pleased.
  • Whitehouse's (Whitehouse, Joseph) copyist writes it "Water Sioux (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) ."
  • October 29, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
December 2, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clark 2nd of December Sunday 1804 The latter part of last night was verry warm and Continued to thaw untill [blank] oClock when the wind Shifted to the North    at 11 oClock the Chiefs of the Lower village of the Mandans (Mandan Indians) with maney of theire young men and 4 of the Shar-ha's (Cheyenne Indians) who had come to Smoke with the pipe of Peace with the Mandans (Mandan Indians) , we explained to them our intentions our views and advised them to be at peace, Gave them a flag for theire nation, Some Tobacco with a Speech to Deliver to their nation on theire return, also Sent by them a letter to Mrs. Tabbo (Tabeau, Pierre-Antoine) & Gravoline (Gravelines, Joseph) , at the Ricares (Arikara Indians) Village, to interseid in proventing Hostilities, and if they Could not effect those measures to Send & informe us of what was going on, Stateing to the Indians the part we intend to take if the Rickores (Arikara Indians) & Seauex (Sioux Indians) did not follow our Derections and be at peace with the nations which we had addopted—    We made Some fiew Small presents to those Shar ha's (Cheyenne Indians) and also Some to the Mandans (Mandan Indians) & at 3 oClock they all Departed well pleased, haveing Seen many Curisossties, which we Showed them—.   
  • December 2, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
June 15, 1804 - Clark, William
  • S. opsd. the Antient Village of the little Osage (Little Osage Indians) passd. a bad Sand bar on which we Stuck for a Short time    this is Said to be the worst part of the river and Camped opsd. the bend in which the Antient Villages of the little Osarge (Little Osage Indians) & Missouries (Missouri Indians) , the lower or first of those villagies (L.
  • back of the Village the high Prarie extends back to the Osarge River (Osage (Osarge) River) , about 3 Ms. above & in view the Missouries Nation (Missouri Indians) resided under the protection of the Osarges (Osage Indians) , after their nation was riducd by the Saukees (Sauk Indians) below, thos built their Village in the Same low Prarie and lived there many years, the war was So hot & both nations become So reduced that the Little Osage (Little Osage Indians) & a fiew of the Missoures (Missouri Indians) moved & built a village 5 ms near the Grand Osage (Great Osage Indians) , the rest of the Missoures (Missouri Indians) went and took protection under the Otteaus (Oto Indians) [Otos (Oto Indians) ] on Platt river (Platte River (Nebr.))
  • Criswell, 75. The Missouri (Missouri Indians) Indian village that is identified as the Gumbo Point site (Gumbo Point site) .
  • June 15, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
June 23, 1806 - Clark, William
  • those men infor us that thir nation as well as the Wallar-wallars (Walula Indians) have made peace with the Shoshones (Shoshone Indians) agreeable to our late advice to them.   
  • We directed the horses to be brought near Camp and secured in Such a manner that they may be readily obtained in the morning being deturmined to make an early Start if possible—.— Colter (Colter, John) one of our hunters did not return this evening—. Atsina Indians (Atsina Indians) ; see May 28, 1805. The Flatheads (Flathead Indians) (Salish (Flathead Indians) ); see September 4, 1805. The name may represent a Flathead (Flathead Indians) term, ul/-išú-t, "those down below" (see September 5, 1805).
  • June 23, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
November 5, 1804 - Clark, William
  • I have the Rhumitism verry bad, Cap Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) writeing all Day—    we are told by our interpeter that 4 Ossiniboin (Assiniboine Indians) Indians, have arrived at the Camps of the Gross Venters (Hidatsa Indians) & 50 Lodges are Comeing There is no entry for November 5 in the Field Notes.
  • The Assinniboines (Assiniboine Indians) called themselves Nak'ota (Assiniboine Indians) and spoke a dialect of the Sioux (Sioux Indians) language.
  • Their linguistic relationship with the Sioux (Sioux Indians) did not preclude hostilities between the two. Hodge, 1:102–5; Denig, 63–98; Lowie(TA); Kennedy; Coues (NLEH), 2:516–23.
  • November 5, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
March 29, 1806 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • in the afternoon we passed the Mouth of a River, which was large & the Water in it very high, and makes into the Columbia River (Columbia River) with a greadt deal of rapidity; This River lies a small distance below a large Indian Village of the Kalute (Cathlapotle Indians) Tribe 〈Nation〉 & called the Kalute (Cathlapotle Indians) River & at which place we halted & purchased from the Natives 10 fat dogs.    Captain Clarke (Clark, William) also purchased from these Indians a Sea Otter Skin robe, for which he gave, a small piece of blue Cloth, & part of an old flag.   
  • The remainder of their bodies being exposed to the Weather.—    Our Officers made a Chief, of one of those Indians, and gave him a medal; which he gave to his wife.    These Kalute (Cathlapotle Indians) tribe of Indians, are a part of the flatt head (Flathead Indians) Nation.   
  • March 29, 1806
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
March 21, 1806 - Gass, Patrick
  • Two of the hunters went out this morning; and about 10 o'clock we were visited by some of the Clat- sop Indians (Clatsop Indians) . These, and the Chin-ook (Chinook Indians) , Cath-la-mas (Cathlamet Indians) , Cal-a-mex (Tillamook Indians) , and Chiltz (Chehalis Indians) nations, who inhabit the seacoast, all dress in the same manner.
  • These Indians on the coast have no horses, and very little property of any kind, except their canoes.
  • Shields (Shields, John) and Collins (Collins, John) , say the captains. Tillamook Indians (Tillamook Indians) . The Salish-speaking Lower Chehalis (Chehalis Indians) , living on the Washington (Washington) coast in Grays Harbor (Grays Harbor County, Wash.)
  • March 21, 1806
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
August 29, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • they lived Several days on Servis berrys and cherries &c.    they passed a lodge of Indians in a Small valley in the mountn. gethering cherries & Servisses.   
  • About 8 o'Clock A. M. a number of Indians arrived at our Camp, who had come from the east side of the mountains, and were part of the Snake (Shoshone Indians) Nation of Indians; they had been absent from the Nation a long time, and had one of their warriors killed & scalped by some Warr party of Indians, that they met with in the plains.    On the arrival of this party of Indians, the relations of the deceased warrior, that had been killed & scalped set up a terrible Yelling, which was followed by most of the Indians in the Village.   
  • August 29, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
October 11, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • We saw among these Indians some pieces of a fishing Seine, which we supposed must have come from some Civilized nation.   
  • We crossed over some Rapids, where the waves rolled high, and abundance of Water in the River; We came about 30 Miles this day, & encamped at a fishing Camp, laying on the South side of the River, where we found a number of Indians, who are of the Flatt head (Flathead Indians) Nation, We purchased from those Indians 4 dogs & some Salmon for provisions.    In the evening an Indian belonging to another Nation of Indians came to the Flatt head (Flathead Indians) Indian Camp.
  • October 11, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph