Journals of the
Lewis & Clark Expedition

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May 7, 1806 - Clark, William
  • we proceeded up the Creek one Mile and on the S. E. Side we arived at an old Indian incampment of Six Lodges which appeared to have been recently evacuated.   
  • The Spurs of the rocky mountains (Rocky Mountains) which were in view from the high plain to day were perfectly Covered with Snow. The Indians inform us that the Snow is yet So deep on the Mountains that we Shall not be able to pass them untill after the next full moon or about the first of June.   
  • The orniments worn by the Chopunnish (Nez Perce Indians) are, in their nose a Single Shell of wampom, the pirl & beeds are Suspended from the ears.   
  • May 7, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 21, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • This morning early I dispatched two hunters to kill some meat if possible before the Indians arrive; Drewyer (Drouillard, George) I sent with the horse into the cove for that purpose.
  • I beleve we have been unperceived by the Indians in this movement.    notwithstanding the coldness of the last night the day has proved excessively warm.   
  • sometimes in the winter they make them of buffaloe skin dressed with the hair on and turn the hair inwards as the Mandans (Mandan Indians) Minetares (Hidatsa Indians) and most of the nations do who inhabit the buffaloe country.   
  • August 21, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
Part 1: Affluents of the Missouri River - Clark, William
  • To the Antient Village of the Missouri (Missouri Indians) nation, near which place Fort Orleans (Fort Orleans (Mo.))
  • To the antient village of the Little Osage Indians 12   272   —   S.
  •   " the 1st Ricara (Arikara Indians) Village   2 1436   —   —   " 2d & 3d Ricara (Arikara Indians) Village   4 1440   —   S.
  • Winter 1804-1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • Hardened men all—enough, he thought, to turn back possible Indian attacks, yet not too many to find food for during the final push.
  • Lewis sifted it first for information relevant to Jefferson's plan of resettling Upper Louisiana's non-Indian residents somewhere in the East, in order to turn the West into a vast Indian reservation.
  • By what routes did traders bring merchandise to them, and how did the Indians respond to those traders? Could they develop a program for turning the Indians away from their old purveyors toward the traders of the United States?
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • Small ranger forces led by men who knew the Indians would be more logical. And so small forces were what Jefferson prepared to meet them with.
  • Even more important would be convincing the Indians that the Americans would make better allies than the grasping Britons.
  • Whatever scientific knowledge about Indians or geography its personnel gleaned could easily be adapted to military purposes if the need ever arose.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
August 11, 1804 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • With a South Wind, Passd. a bluff whare the Black bird (Blackbird) the late King of the Mahars (Omaha Indians) was buried 4 years ago    the Officers took a flagg with them and assended the hill which was 300 feet higher than the water    left the white flagg on a pole Stuck on his Grave.   
  • at 6 oClock we set sail, and passed a bluff where the Black bird (Blackbird) , the late king of the Mahaws (Omaha Indians) was buried about 4 Years before, the officers landed a small distance above the bluff, and took with them a White Flag, and ascended the Hill which was 300 feet higher than the surface of the water, and placed the flag which they had fix'd on a long pole stuck in the grave.   
  • August 11, 1804
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
September 4, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • About four miles higher up, we passed a river, on the south side, 152 yards wide, called Rapid-water river (Niobrara (Quicurre, Rapid) River) : up this river the Poncas (Ponca Indians) nation of Indians lived not long since. We encamped on the south side among some cedar trees.
  • September 4, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
July 22, 1805 - Clark, William
  • I deturmined to proceed on in pursute of the Snake (Shoshone Indians) Indians on tomorrow and directed Jo (Field, Joseph) Rubin Fields (Field, Reubin) Frasure (Frazer, Robert) to get ready to accompany me.
  • July 22, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 5, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • .— Twisted Hair (Twisted Hair (Walamotinin)) (Walamottinin (Twisted Hair (Walamotinin)) ) of the Nez Perce (Nez Perce Indians) . See Clark's (Clark, William) entry of September 21, 1805. Tetoharsky (Tetoharsky) , also a Nez Perce (Nez Perce Indians) . See Clark's (Clark, William) entry of October 7, 1805, and Lewis's (Lewis, Meriwether) and Clark's (Clark, William) entries of May 4, 1806.
  • October 5, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
October 15, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • we came 17 miles and Camped above a bad rapid on a Sand bar    no wood except an Indians Scaffel    we had to take Some of the wood for our use this evening.
  • We encamped on a Sand barr above a bad Rapid, we found no Wood, excepting an Indian Scaffold & we took some of it for our use.    We came about 17 Miles this day, our Course the same as Yesterday.   
  • October 15, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
December 24, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Cuscalar (Cus-ka-lah) the young Clot Sop (Clatsop Indians) Chief Came with a young brother and 2 young Squar, they gave or laid before Capt Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and my Self a mat and each a large Parsel of roots, Some time after he demanded 2 files for his Present    we returned the present as we had no files to Speare which displeased them a little    they then offered a woman to each which we also declined axcpting which also displeased them.   
  • On another occasion Clark (Clark, William) was offered the sister of a Clatsop (Clatsop Indians) man who had received medical treatment; Clark (Clark, William) declined.
  • December 24, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
December 24, 1805 - Clark, William
  • men all employd in finishing their huts and moveing into them. Cuscalah (Cus-ka-lah) the Indian who had treated me So politely when I was at the Clâtsops (Clatsop Indians) village, come up in a Canoe with his young brother & 2 Squars he laid before Capt Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and my Self each a mat and a parcel of roots—Some time in the evening two files was demanded for the presents of mats and roots, as we had no files to part with, we each rturned the present which we had received, which displeased Cuscalah (Cus-ka-lah) a little.   
  • December 24, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
December 25, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Mockerson of Whitehouse (Whitehouse, Joseph) , a Small Indian basket of Guterich (Goodrich, Silas) , & 2 Doz weasels tales of the Squar (Sacagawea) of Shabono (Charbonneau, Toussaint) , & Some black roots of the Indians    G.
  • December 25, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 23, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • .— At Rock Creek (Rock Creek (Klickitat County, Wash.)) , Klickitat County (Klickitat County, Wash.) , Washington (Washington) , at a village of Tenino Indians (Tenino Indians) . Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and Clark (Clark, William) describe the dance more fully in their entries for this day.
  • April 23, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
August 15, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • the 2 village of Mandans (Mandan Indians) gave us Considerable of corn and more than we would take away.
  • the chiefs of the 1st village wished us to Stay 1 or 2 days longer with them    we gave the Swivvel to the Big Belleys or Grousevauntaus (Hidatsa Indians) .— Simlins, which are summer squashes. This would be Rooptahee, or Ruptáre, village (Ruptáre (Rooptahee) village) ; see Clark's (Clark, William) entry of October 27, 1804.
  • August 15, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
June 14, 1804 - Clark, William
  • a Sand bar makeing out ⅔ Cross the river    Sand Collecting &c forming Bars and Bars washg a way, the boat Struck and turned, She was near oversetting    we saved her by Some extrodany exertions of our party (ever ready to inconture any fatigue for the premotion of the enterprise[)], I went out to walk on the Sand Beech, & Killed a Deer & Turky    during the time I was from the boat a Caussee came too from the Pania (Pawnee Indians) [Pawnee (Pawnee Indians) ] nation loaded with furs    We gave them Some whiskey and Tobacco & Settled Some desputes & parted    S. 5 E. 3 ms. to pt. on S.
  • This appears to be one of the marvelous snake stories common in American folklore, perhaps derived from an Indian belief. Coues (HLC), 1:25 n. 54.
  • June 14, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
July 30, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • we Set out very eairly this morning in order to find a Good place to Camp & wait for the Zottaus (Oto Indians) Indians; to come in &C    we proceded on passd. where G. Drewyer (Drouillard, George) camped last night.
  • Fields (Field, Joseph) & Reuben (Field, Reubin) went hunting    Jo (Field, Joseph) killed & brought in an animel which the French call a brarow    (we hoisted the american Flag &C—    expect the Zottous (Oto Indians) &c—[)] 〈after which we name this place Camp Brarow (Council Bluff (Nebr.)) 〉    this animal Resembles our Ground hogs in colour & Shape—nearly but the head like a dogs.   
  • July 30, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
September 3, 1804 - Clark, William
  • In Knox County (Knox County, Nebr.) , Nebraska (Nebraska) , probably near the western boundary of the present Santee (Sioux Indians, Santee) Sioux (Sioux Indians) Indian Reservation.
  • September 3, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 11, 1805 - Clark, William
  • The plains are high and rich    Some of them are Sandy Containing Small pebble, and on Some of the hill Sides large Stones are to be Seen—    In the evening late we observed a party of Me ne tar ras (Hidatsa Indians) on the L. S. with horses and dogs loaded going down, those are a part of the Menetarras (Hidatsa Indians) who camped a little above this with the Ossinniboins (Assiniboine Indians) at the mouth of the little Missouri (Little Missouri (E-mâh-tark',-Ah'-zhah) River) all the latter part of the winter    we Camped on the S.
  • April 11, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
June 13, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark June 13th Thursday 1805 a fair morning, Some dew this morning    the Indian woman (Sacagawea) Verry sick    I gave her a doste of Salts. We Set out early, at a mile & ½ passed a Small rapid Stream on the Lard Side which heads in a mountain to the S.
  • numbers of gees & goslings, the gees cannot fly at this Season—    goose berries are ripe and in great abundance, the yellow Current is also Common, not yet ripe    Killed a buffalow & Campd on the Lard Side near an old Indian fortified camp    one man Sick & 3 with Swellings, the Indian woman (Sacagawea) verry Sick.
  • June 13, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 19, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • a white frost this morning    a clear pleasant day, all hands employed in dressing Skins & Sorting the Indian goods & packing up the baggage.    Some at makeing pack Saddles &c.   
  • We had white frost this morning, & a clear pleasant day, The Men at our Camp were employed in dressing Skins, sorting Indian Goods, packing up the baggage, and making pack saddles; Three of our party (hunters) went out hunting, and took one of the horses, that belonged to the Indians in Camp with them.   
  • August 19, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
August 31, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark August 31st 1805 Satturday A fine morning    Set out before Sun rise, as we passed the lodges at which place I had encamped for thre nights and left 2 men, Those 2 men joined us and we proceeded on in the Same rout I decended the 21st Instant, halted 3 hours on Sammon Creek (Salmon (Lewis's, Main Fork Lewis's, Southeast Fork of Columbia, West Fork Lewis's) River) to Let our horses graze    the wind hard from the S. W. I met an Indian on horse back who fled with great Speed to Some lodges below & informed them that the Enemis were Coming down, armd with guns &c.    the inhabitents of the Lodges indisceved him, we proceeded on the road on which I had decended as far as the 1st run [EC: Tower Cr (Tower Creek) ] below & left the road & Proceeded up the Run [NB: run] in a tolerable road 4 miles & Encamped in Some old lodjes at the place the road leaves the Creek and assends the high Countrey    Six Indians followed us four of them the Sons of our guide; our hunters killed one Deer a goose & Prarie fowl. This day warm and Sultrey, Praries or open Valies on fire in Several places—    The Countrey is Set on fire for the purpose of Collecting the different bands, and a Band of the Flatheads (Flathead Indians) to go to the Missouri (Missouri River) where They intend passing the winter near the Buffalow    Proceeded on 22 miles to Day, 4 miles of which up a run Clark's (Clark, William) table of courses for August 31–September 4 are found with his entry of September 2, 1805.
  • August 31, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
September 22, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • Clark (Clark, William) Sent back to meet us, with a bag of Sammon and excelent root bread which they purchased from a nation of Indians who are Camped on a plain at the foot of the Mount. about 8 or 10 miles distance from this place—    we halted about one hour and a half    eat hearty of the Sammon and bread, and let our horses feed.   
  • Some groves of handsome tall large pitch pine timber    about 3 miles further we came to a large Indian village of the flat head nation    they appeared very glad to see us    ran meetting us with Some root bread which they gave us to eat.   
  • Actually, the Nez Perces (Nez Perce Indians) , whom Clark's (Clark, William) party had met on September 20.
  • September 22, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
October 12, 1805 - Clark, William
  • after purchaseing every Speces of the provisions those Indians could Spare we Set out and proceeded on    at three miles passed four Islands Swift water and a bad rapid opposit to those Islands on the Lard.
  • Side to view it before we attemptd. to dsend through it. The Indians had told us was verry bad—    we found long and dangerous about 2 miles in length, and maney turns necessary to Stear Clare of the rocks, which appeared to be in every direction. The Indians went through & our Small Canoe followed them, as it was late we deturmined to camp above untill the morning.   
  • October 12, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
December 9, 1805 - Clark, William
  • . & proceeded down the Stream I first Struck about 2 miles & met 3 Indians, who informed me they lived on the See cost at a Short distance, I determd. to accompany them to their vilg. & we Set out, crossed the Stream, and 2 of the Indians took the Canoe over the wavering open rich plains for ½ a mile and we Crossed the same stream which run to the left, we then left the canoe and proceeded to the Same Stream which runs to the right and empties its Self into the See    here I found their vilg. 4 Lodges on the west bank of this little river which is here 70 yards wide, Crossed in a Canoe & was invited to a lodge by a young Chief    was treated great Politeness, we had new mats to Set on, and himself and wife produced for us to eate, fish, Lickorish, & black roots, on neet Small mats, and Cramberries & Sackacomey berris, in bowls made of horn, Supe made of a kind of bread made of berries common to this Countrey which they gave me in a neet wooden trencher, with a Cockle Sheel to eate it with It began to rain and with a tremendious storm from the S.
  • The site of present Seaside (Seaside, Oreg.) , Clatsop County (Clatsop County, Oreg.) , Oregon (Oregon) , at the mouth of the Necanicum River (Necanicum (Clatsop) River) . The Clatsop (Clatsop Indians) village is shown on Atlas map 84 and on figs. 9 and 13.
  • December 9, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
January 3, 1806 - Clark, William
  • Clark Friday the 3rd January 1806 At 11 A. m. we were visited by our near neighbour Chief (or Tiá) Co mo wool (Coboway) alis Conia (Coboway) [NB: Coôné (Coboway) ‚] and Six Clat sops (Clatsop Indians) .    they brought for Sale Some roots berries and 3 Dogs also a Small quantity of fresh blubber.    this blubber they informed us they had obtained from their neighbours the Cal lá mox (Tillamook Indians) who inhabit the coast to the S. E near one of their Villages a Whale had recently perished.    this blubber the Indians eat and esteem it excellent food.    our party from necescity have been obliged to Subsist Some length of time on dogs have now become extreamly fond of their flesh; it is worthey of remark that while we lived principally on the flesh of this animal we wer much more helthy Strong and more fleshey then we have been Sence we left the Buffalow Country.   
  • January 3, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
January 5, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • W. from this, near the lodge of some Killamuck (Tillamook Indians) families; that the Indians were very friendly and had given them a considerable quantity of the blubber of a whale which perished on the coast some distance S.
  • Clark (Clark, William) determined this evening to set out early tomorrow with two canoes and 12 men in quest of the whale, or at all events to purchase from the Indians a parcel of the blubber, for this purpose he prepared a small assortment of merchandize to take with him.
  • January 5, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
February 18, 1806 - Clark, William
  • in the forenoon we were visited by a Clatsop (Clatsop Indians) & Seven Chinnooks (Chinook Indians) from whome I purchased a Sea otter's Skin and two hats made of way tape and Silk grass and white cedar bark.   
  • Since their departure we have discovered that they have Stole an ax.— Whitehouse (Whitehouse, Joseph) brought me a roab which he purchased of the Indians formed of three Skins of the Tiger Cat, this Cat differs from any which I have ever Seen.   
  • February 18, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
May 31, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • Ordway Saturday 31st May 1806. Some of the young Indians Stole Some of our fish and went away in the night.    we got up our horses eairly and Set out on our return    our old chief and his man stayed as they had got no fish yet, so we followed back the same road we went on to the fork of the kimooenim (Salmon (Lewis's, Main Fork Lewis's, Southeast Fork of Columbia, West Fork Lewis's) River) which the Indian name of it is Toomonamah river (Salmon (Lewis's, Main Fork Lewis's, Southeast Fork of Columbia, West Fork Lewis's) River) which is about 150 yards wide.   
  • Toomonamah (Salmon (Lewis's, Main Fork Lewis's, Southeast Fork of Columbia, West Fork Lewis's) River) (variously spelled) is Nez Perce (Nez Perce Indians) tamá·nma (Salmon (Lewis's, Main Fork Lewis's, Southeast Fork of Columbia, West Fork Lewis's) River) , for the Salmon River (Salmon (Lewis's, Main Fork Lewis's, Southeast Fork of Columbia, West Fork Lewis's) River) .
  • May 31, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
July 4, 1806 - Gass, Patrick
  • While our hunters went out a young Indian came to our camp, who had crossed the mountains after us. At 10 o'clock our hunters came in, but had not killed any thing.
  • Having made 18 miles we encamped for the night; where the country is very mountainous on both sides of the river, which runs nearly east and west, and is a deep rapid stream about 80 yards wide. Their Nez Perce (Nez Perce Indians) guides were going to visit the Flatheads (Flathead Indians) and then return home.
  • July 4, 1806
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
August 12, 1806 - Gass, Patrick
  • Having gone about 100 miles down this river by land they made two canoes, and Captain Clarke (Clark, William) having sent off a sergeant and three men with the horses to the Mandan (Mandan Indians) villages, went down himself with six other men by water. On the second day after the sergeant and his party had started for the Mandan (Mandan Indians) villages, the Indians stole the whole of the horses, and the party were obliged to descend the river in skin canoes.
  • August 12, 1806
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
August 11, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • he instantly called to peter (Cruzatte, Pierre) but Peter (Cruzatte, Pierre) not answering he Supposd. it to be Indians and run to the canoes and ordered the men to their armes.    they were in readiness in a moment and Capt. Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) attempd. to go back for battle but being faint the men purswaded him not to go himself but the party run out    found Cruzatte (Cruzatte, Pierre) and he had Seen no Indians    then peter (Cruzatte, Pierre) knew that it must have been him tho an exidant.   
  • Clark (Clark, William) where we found a note or line informing us that Sergt. pryor (Pryor, Nathaniel Hale) & party had joined them here as the Indians had Stole all the horses & they came down in leather canoes.   
  • August 11, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
August 13, 1806 - Clark, William
  • I joined the perogus & party again the bend below and proceeded on. Some indians were Seen in a Skin Canoe below, they were decending from an old Camp of theirs on the S.
  • Side, those I suppose to be Some of the Minetaras (Hidatsa Indians) who had been up on a hunting expedition, one Canoe was left at their Camp.    we had not proceeded far before I discovered two indians on a high hill.    nothing very remarkable took place. the Misquetors are not So troublesom this evening as they have been. the air is cool &c.
  • August 13, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
July 29, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Pigeon (Beaver, Indian Knob, Round-Knob) Creek (Iowa)
  • .—   12   July 29 Sunday    We Sent one frenchman le Liberty (La Liberté) & the Indian to the Camp to envite the party to meet us at the next bend of High Land on the L.
  • rained all last night— Set out at 5 oClock &, proceeded on    passed the Island, opposit this Island on the S. S. the Creek called Indian Knob Creek (Pigeon (Beaver, Indian Knob, Round-Knob) Creek (Iowa)) which mouths Several miles on a Direct line below, is within 20 feet of the Missouri (Missouri River) & about 5 feet higher Cought three large Cat fish to day verry fat    one of them nearly white those Cat are So plenty that they may be Cought in any part of this River but fiew fish of any other Kind.— (4) at the commencement of this course passed much fallen timber apparently the ravages of a dreadful haricane which had passed obliquely across the river from N.
  • July 29, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
September 16, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Indian Post Office
  • Near the rock mounds later called Indian Post Office (Indian Post Office) (which none of the journalists mentions), perhaps on Moon Creek (Moon Creek (Idaho)) , Idaho County (Idaho County, Idaho) .
  • Russell (GEF), 288–89. The packs of the Indians who had passed by, going east or west. There is a blank half-page following this entry.
  • September 16, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
November 5, 1805 - Clark, William
  • I counted 14 large houses in front next the slew    7 canoes loaded with Indians Came up to See us.    low rock N. 22° W.   6 miles to a Stard point    passed a large Slew ¼ of a mile wide or at a ½ of a mile on th Lard.
  • The language of those people have a great Similarity to those above.    met 3 canoes of Indians N. 30° W.   5 miles to a point of woodland Stard.
  • passed the Lower point of the Island Close under the Lard Side    at 5 miles a Small Is- land in the middle of the river. passed an old village on the Island at 3 miles, The high hills leave the river on the Stard. at 3 miles, a high bottom below    met 4 canoes of Indians one of those canoes had emigies bow & Stern & 26 Indians in them all N. 40° W.   5 miles to a point of high piney land on the Lard Side    the Stard.
  • November 5, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
July 16, 1806 - Clark, William
  • Clark (Clark, William) is using a name supplied by the Mandans (Mandan Indians) and Hidatsas (Hidatsa Indians) (see Fort Mandan (Fort Mandan (N.
  • in Sweet Grass County (Sweet Grass County, Mont.) , Montana (Montana) , one of the "Rivers Across (Boulder River (Rivers Across, Stinking Cabin Creek) (Sweet Grass County, Mont.)) " of July 18, 1806, below, or Shoshone River (Shoshone Indians) , Park (Park County, Wyo.) and Greybull (Greybull County, Wyo.)
  • Clark (Clark, William) may well have misidentified the stream in the present instance, since the Indians at Fort Mandan (Fort Mandan (N. Dak.)) obviously did not tell him of every affluent of the Yellowstone (Yellowstone River) .
  • July 16, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 24, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Dak.)) , this hill apear to be of a Conic form and by all the different Nations in this quater is Supposed to be a place of Deavels or that they are in human form with remarkable large heads and about 18 inches high; that they 〈remarkably〉 are very watchfull and ar armed with Sharp arrows with which they can kill at a great distance; they are said to kill all persons who are so hardy as to attemp to approach the hill; they 〈have a〉 state that tradition informs them that ma[n]y indians have suffered by these little people and among others that three Maha (Omaha Indians) men fell a sacrefice to their murceyless fury not meany years since—    so much do the Mahas (Omaha Indians) Souix (Sioux Indians) Ottoes (Oto Indians) and other neibhbouring nations believe this fable that no consideration is sufficient to induce them to approach this hill.
  • August 24, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
September 4, 1804 - Clark, William
  • The French name, L'Eau qui Court (Niobrara (Quicurre, Rapid) River) , can be translated "the river that rushes (Niobrara (Quicurre, Rapid) River) ." The Omaha (Omaha Indians) name was níubthatha, "wide river." Link, 78–79; Fletcher & La Flesche, 1:93; Atlas map 19; MRC map 32. 5. Clark (Clark, William) here seems to confuse the Pawnees (Pawnee Indians) with the Poncas (Ponca Indians) , although his spelling may be to blame. This Ponca (Ponca Indians) village would be in Knox County (Knox County, Nebr.) . See below, September 5, 1804.
  • September 4, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 25, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Indian (Berry) Creek (Idaho)
  • [EC: Aug 20 Aug 21] 18 miles from the Indian Camp to the forks [EC: of Salmon R (Salmon (Lewis's, Main Fork Lewis's, Southeast Fork of Columbia, West Fork Lewis's) River) ] crossed the [EC: Lemhi] river twice, passed Several old camps on the East Side and a Camp of Several lodges at a were [weir] on the west Side, passed a roade on the left leading up the main West fork [EC: i.e.
  • W.   6 miles up the Run [EC: Berry Creek (Indian (Berry) Creek (Idaho)) Aug. 23] thro a piney coun- trey    large & lofty hills high S.
  • August 25, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
November 30, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • here we expect to meet with the Clât-sop (Clatsop Indians) Indians, who have tantilized us with there being much game in their neighbourhood.   
  • The term is Chinookan (Chinook Indians) giławanax̣ł. Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) has crossed out the following at this point: "5 me to a marshey point at 1½ m."
  • The name is again Chinookan (Chinook Indians) sqipanawnx. The point mistaken as an island is Point Adams (Point Adams) .
  • November 30, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
February 26, 1806 - Clark, William
  • Clark Wednesday February 26th 1806 This morning we dispatched Drewyer (Drouillard, George) and two men in our indian canoe up the Columbia River (Columbia River) to take Sturgion and Anchovey.   
  • Se we lel is the Clatsop (Clatsop Indians) and Chinnook (Chinook Indians) name for a Small animal found in the timbered Country on this Coast.   
  • this rat I have Seen in the Southern parts of the State of Kentucky (Kentucky) & west of the Miami (Miami Indians) . The Mouse and mole of this neighbourhood are the Same as those native animals with us.
  • February 26, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
undated, ca. January 21, 1804 - Clark, William
  • at 12 mes. pr. day—125 days    Viz: May June July Augt. & 5 days in Septr     4   5 1[st] Winter       From Mandens (Mandan Indians) to the rock mountains is 12° W. at 41 mes. [to a degree of longitude] Say 900 miles at 10 pr Day is 90 Days, Viz: Septr.
  • The time to the Ocean @ 10 ms per Day   11 0 days The Time @ 12 ms. pr day     8 20 days 1805       (Delay 15 days)       Returning from the Ocean to the river 650 miles @ 10 ms. pr Day is 65 days    Viz: 15 in August, Septr. 20 in Octr. 650 m   2   5 do—    Viz 〈to Mandens (Mandan Indians) 900 m〉 in 65 Days m at 12 m pr Day 54 Day, 15 July Augt. 9 in Septr     1 24 ditto to the Mandens (Mandan Indians) @ 20 ms pr.
  • Octr— 900   1 21 ditto @ to the mouth Nov. & Dec @ [blank]     2   0 Returning to the Mandan (Mandan Indians) @ 10 pr     3 26 do    do    at 12 do     3 15   Monthsto Mandens (Mandan Indians) Monthsto mountains Monthsto ocean Time [word illegible]lost winter &c.
  • undated, ca. January 21, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 31, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Fields (Field, Joseph) & Peter Crusat (Cruzatte, Pierre) proceeded down to examine the rapids    the Great Shute (Columbia River, Cascades (Great Rapids, Great Shute)) which commenced at the Island on which we encamped Continud with great rapidity and force thro a narrow chanel much compressd. and interspersed with large rocks for ½ a mile, at a mile lower is a verry Considerable rapid at which place the waves are remarkably high, and proceeded on in a old Indian parth 2½ miles by land thro a thick wood & hill Side, to the river where the Indians make a portage, from this place I dispatched Peter Crusat (Cruzatte, Pierre) (our principal waterman) back to follow the river and examine the practibility of the Canoes passing, as the rapids appeared to continue down below as far as I could See, I with Jo.
  • I returned by the Same rout on an Indian parth passing up on the N W. Side of the river to our Camp at the Great Shute (Columbia River, Cascades (Great Rapids, Great Shute)) .    found Several Indians from the village, I Smoked with them; Soon after my return two Canoes loaded with fish & Bear grass for the trade below, came down from the village at the mouth of the Catterack River (Klickitat (Cataract) River) , they unloaded and turned their Canoes up Side down on the beech, & camped under a Shelveing rock below our Camp one of the men Shot a goose above this Great Shute (Columbia River, Cascades (Great Rapids, Great Shute)) , which was floating into the Shute (Columbia River, Cascades (Great Rapids, Great Shute)) when an Indian observed it, plunged into the water & Swam to the Goose and brought in on Shore, at the head of the Suck, [NB: great danger, rapids bad, a descent close by him (150 feet off) of all Columbia river (Columbia River) , current dashed among rocks if he had got in the Suck—lost]    as this Indian richly earned the goose I Suffered him to keep it which he about half picked and Spited it up with the guts in it to roste.
  • October 31, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
November 4, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Side found the country fine, an open Prarie for 1 mile back of which the wood land comence riseing back, the timber on the edge of the Prarie is white oke, back is Spruce pine & other Species of Pine mixed Some under groth of a wild crab & a Specis of wood I'm not acquainted, a Specis of maple & Cotton wood grow near this river, Some low bushes Indians continue to be with us, Several Canoes Continue with us, The Indians at the last village have more Cloth and uriopian trinkets than above I Saw Some Guns, a Sword, maney Powder flasks, Salers Jackets, overalls, hats & Shirts, Copper and Brass trinkets with few Beeds only. dureing the time I was at Dinner the Indians Stold my tomahawk which I made use of to Smoke I Serched but Could not find it, a Pond on the Stard Side, off from the river.
  • Saw white geese with black wings—    Saw a Small Crab-apple with all the taste & flavor of the Common—    Those Indians were all armed with Pistols or bows and arrows ready Sprung war axes &c.
  • Side passed one on each Side, proceded on untill after dark to get Clere of Indians    we Could not    2 Canoes pursued us and 2 others Came to us, and were about us all night    we bought a fiew roots &c.   29   Wapato, Sagittaria latifolia Willd.
  • November 4, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
Lewis & Clark among the Indians 3. The Arikara Interlude
  • Lewis & Clark among the Indians 3. The Arikara Interlude
  • Lewis & Clark among the Indians
  • Lewis and Clark, like other non-Indian observers, consistently misunderstood the Arikara- Sioux connection.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
Images from the Library of Congress
  • Rush Gatherer Indian woman holding rushes. LC-USZ62-77211 cph 3b24366 Photographer: Edward S.
  • N.D.
  • Images
Images from the Library of Congress
  • Defiance Indian, three-quarter length portrait, seated, facing right, in native dress.
  • N.D.
  • Images
Images from the Library of Congress
  • The whaler—Clayoquot Nootka Indian standing on shore with spear. LC-USZ62-106742 cph 3c06742 Photographer: Edward S.
  • N.D.
  • Images
July 1, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Sergt Pryor (Pryor, Nathaniel Hale) with two other men are to proceed with the horses by land to the Mandans (Mandan Indians) and thence to the British posts on the Assinniboin (Assiniboine River) with a letter to Mr.
  • the indian warrior who overtook us on the 26th Ult. made me a present of an excellent horse which he said he gave for the good council we had given himself and nation and also to assure us of his attatchment to the white men and his desire to be at peace with the Minnetares of Fort de Prarie (Atsina Indians) .   
  • Hugh Heney (Heney, Hugh) , whom they met at the Mandan (Mandan Indians) -Hidatsa (Hidatsa Indians) villages; see December 16, 1804.
  • July 1, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether

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