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September 14, 1806 - Clark, William
  • Kansa Indians
  • M. a little below the lower of the old Kanzas (Kansa Indians) Village we met three large boats bound to the Yanktons (Sioux Indians, Yankton) and Mahars (Omaha Indians) the property of Mr.
  • our party received a dram and Sung Songs untill 11 oClock at night in the greatest harmoney. For the Kansa, or Kaw, Indians (Kansa Indians) , see June 5, 1804. "The Kanzas (Kansa Indians) " is written over some other word.
  • September 14, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 17, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • We halted our Canoes, when a number of the Snake (Shoshone Indians) Nation of Indians came to us; these were the Persons who we had heard singing; They informed us by our Interpreter (the Indian Woman) (Sacagawea) that Captain Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) & party was at the Forks of the River waiting for us.—    Captain Clark (Clark, William) , our french Interpreter (Charbonneau, Toussaint) & his Indian Wife (Sacagawea) , went off with these Indians—    The Snake (Shoshone Indians) Indians that came to us, rode very fine horses, 〈which〉 and they let Captain Clark (Clark, William) & the Interpreter (Charbonneau, Toussaint) & wife (Sacagawea) ride 2 of them to the forks of the River.    We proceeded on, the Indians riding their horses back & forward to see us coming on, with our Canoes.   
  • Our Officers informed the Indians that they wanted to get their horses, to carry our baggage over the Mountains, and that they would purchase some of them also, & that they would give them some Merchandise for them, The Indians consented to the officers proposals, The officers gave the Indians some Merchandise for part of their horses, & they agreed to assist us across the mountains.   
  • August 17, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
October 15, 1804 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • Monday October 15th    We set off early this morning, it having rained the whole of last night; and proceeded on, and passed along about two Miles, where we met a party of the Rick a Ree (Arikara Indians) Indians returning to their Villages, We put to the Shore, and they gave us some deer & buffalo Meat, We proceeded on, and passed a Creek lying on the South side of the River, where there was a Camp of Rick a Ree (Arikara Indians) Indians.— This is the last Camp of Rick a Ree (Arikara Indians) Indians we expect to see, they were a hunting party—    There was in this Camp, about 30 Indians; as we put too to them, they behaved very friendly, they gave us plenty of Meat & we encamp'd near them this Night.— Following this entry in the original version there is a gap in the writing until November 1 where a new writer begins, the person designated No. 2.
  • October 15, 1804
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
November 18, 1804 - Clark, William
  • he also Stated the Situation of their nation, he mentioned that a Council had been held the day before and it was thought advisable to put up with the resent insults of the Ossiniboins (Assiniboine Indians) & Christonoes (Cree Indians) untill they were Convinced that what had been told thim by us, 〈untill〉    Mr. Evins (Evans, John Thomas) had deceived them & we might also, he promised to return & furnish them with guns & amunitiion, we advised them to remain at peace & that they might depend upon Getting Supplies through the Channel of the Missouri (Missouri River) , but it requred time to put the trade in opperation. The Assiniboins (Assiniboine Indians) &c have the trade of those nations in their power and treat them badly as the Soux (Sioux Indians) does the Ricarees (Arikara Indians) and they cannot resent for fear of loseing their trade &. For the Mandan (Mandan Indians) point-of-view of this meeting see Ronda (LCAI), 89–90.
  • November 18, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
December 2, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clark (Clark, William) 2d of Decr. 1804    Visited by Several Mandan (Mandan Indians) Chiefs and 4 Chyannes (Cheyenne Indians) Inds. who Came with a pipe to the Mandans (Mandan Indians) , Sent a Speech to ther Nation a flag & Some tobacco, also written a Speech to the Ricaras (Arikara Indians) & Sioux (Sioux Indians) , informe them what they might depend on if they would not open their ears, & &.
  • December 2, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 18, 1806 - Clark, William
  • their troubles with the Scioux (Sioux Indians) & Pawnees (Pawnee Indians) or Ricaras (Arikara Indians) Compelled them to move and build a village where they now live.
  • they quarreled about a buffalow, and two bands left the village and went into the plains, (those two bands are now known bye the title Pounch (Hidatsa Indians) , and Crow (Crow Indians) Indians.[)]    the ballance of the Menetaras (Hidatsa Indians) moved their village to where it now Stands where they have lived ever Since— [NB: The Village of the Mandans (Mandan Indians) on the North East side was formed of two villages    formerly lived on the East side opposite the 7.
  • A traditional account of the separation of the Hidatsas (Hidatsa Indians) and the Crows (Crow Indians) into two peoples. The following paragraph, beginning with a bracket not printed, was an addition by Biddle (Biddle, Nicholas) (but not in his usual red ink) squeezed in at the bottom of a page.
  • August 18, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
March 27, 1806 - Clark, William
  • those people are Said to be noumerous, in their dress, habits, manners and Language they differ but little from the Clatsops (Clatsop Indians) , Chinnooks (Chinook Indians) &c.    they have latterly been at war with the Chinnooks (Chinook Indians) , but peace is Said to be now restored between them, but their inter Course is not yet restored.    〈but〉 no Chinnook (Chinook Indians) Come above the Warkiacums (Wahkiakum Indians) , nor do the Skillutes (Watlala Indians) visit the Mouth of the Columbia (Columbia River) . The Clatsops (Clatsop Indians) , Cath lahmahs (Cathlamet Indians) & War kia coms (Wahkiakum Indians) are the Carriers between those nations being in alliance with both—.
  • March 27, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 22, 1805 - Clark, William
  • The Great Chief of those Indians 〈are〉 is out hunting.    no Indians reside on the Lard Side for fear of the snake Indians (Paiute Indians) with whome they are at war and who reside on the large fork on the lard. a little above The Deschutes River (Deschutes (Clark's, Towanahiook's) River) , forming the line between Wasco (Wasco County, Oreg.)
  • Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and Clark's (Clark, William) Eneeshurs (Tenino Indians) , perhaps the later Teninos (Tenino Indians) , a Shahaptian-language people. Ronda (LCAI), 173; Hodge, 1:422. "Eneeshurs (Tenino Indians) " may represent Wishram-Wasco (Wishram-Wasco Indians) Chinookan i-mi-šúxw , "he (is) your relative."
  • October 22, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
January 20, 1806 - Clark, William
  • Clark Wednesday [Monday] 20th January 1806 Visited this morning by three Clapsots (Clatsop Indians) who remained with us all day; the object of their visit is mearly to Smoke the pipe.   
  • most of the party have become very expect with the rifle. The Indians who visit us to day understood us Sufficiently to inform us that the white who visit them did not barter for the pounded fish; that it was purchased and Consumed by the Clatsops (Clatsop Indians) , Chin nooks (Chinook Indians) , Cath lâh mâhs (Cathlamet Indians) and Skil lutes (Watlala Indians) , and Kil a moxs (Tillamook Indians) . The native roots which furnish a considerable proportion of the Subsistance of the indians in our neighbourhoodd are those of a Species of Thistle, fern, and rush; the Licquorice, and a Small celindric root the top of which I have not yet Seen, this last resembles the Sweet potato verry much in its flavour and Consistency.
  • January 20, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
March 8, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark 8th of March Friday 1805 a fair morning Cold and windey, wind from the East, visited by the Greesey head (Greasy Head) & a Riarca (Arikara Indians) to day, those men gave Some account of the Indians near the rockey mountains a young Indian same nation & Different Village Stole the Doughter of the Black man (Black Man) [NB: Mandan (Mandan Indians) (Minetarie (Hidatsa Indians) ], he went to his Village took his horse & returned & took away his doughter
  • March 8, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 23, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clark 23rd of October Tuesday 1804 a cloudy morning Some Snow    Set out early    pass five Lodges 〈of India〉 which was Diserted, the fires yet burning    we Suppose those were the Indians who robed the 2 french Trappers a fiew days ago    those 2 men are now with us going up with a view to get their property from the Indians thro us.   
  • S. of the river [NB: saw at 12 miles passed old village on S. S. of Maharha (Hidatsa Indians) * Indns, a band of Minnetarrés (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) who now live 〈with〉 between Mands (Mandan Indians) & Minnetarres (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi)    *Ah na ha wa's (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi)    see note 10 May, 1805] 23rd Octr Course Distance & reffurencs N. 45° E   2 miles to a Tree in the bend S.
  • The former inhabitants were the Awaxawis, who became a division of the Hidatsas (Hidatsa Indians) , or Minitaris (Hidatsa Indians) , who occupied the area about 1760, before moving to the mouth of the Knife River (Knife River) .
  • October 23, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
Images from the Gallery of the Open Frontier
  • Flathead Family Flathead Indian Family 75-gir-37 Collection: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs—Indian Life on the Western Reservation NARA-NWDNS
  • Indian Encampments
  • N.D.
  • Images
Images from the Gallery of the Open Frontier
  • Crow Indians Group of Crow Indians seated in front of a tepee. 75-gir-3 Collection: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs—Indian Life on the Western Reservation NARA-NWDNS
  • N.D.
  • Images
January 13, 1806 - Clark, William
  • E & N W of the enterance of the river, who reside in the order in which their names are mentioned to the S E. the Clat Sops (Clatsop Indians) , Kil-á-mox (Tillamook Indians) , and those to the N W. of the Chin nooks (Chinook Indians) , and Chiltch (Chehalis Indians) [NB?
  • W]; and Secondly the Cath-lâh-mâh (Cathlamet Indians) , War-ki-a-cum (Wahkiakum Indians) , and Skil-lutes (Watlala Indians) , the latter noumerous and inhabiting [NB: the river Coweliskee (Cowlitz (Coweliskee) River) .]    those last may be considered or intermedeate traders between the whites and nations on the Sea Coast, and the E-ne-churs (Tenino Indians) , the E-chee-lutes (Wishram-Wasco Indians) , and the Chil-luck-kit-te-quaws (Wishram-Wasco Indians) , who inhabit the river up to the great falls inclusive, and who prepare most of the pounded fish which is brought to Market.
  • January 13, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
June 8, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • .—    The Cutnose (Cut Nose) visited us today with ten or twelve warriors; two of the latter were Y-e-let-pos (Cayuse Indians) [X: Willetpos (Cayuse Indians) ] a band of the Chopunnish (Nez Perce Indians) nation residing on the South side of Lewis's river (Salmon (Lewis's, Main Fork Lewis's, Southeast Fork of Columbia, West Fork Lewis's) River) whom we have not previously seen.   
  • several foot rarces were run this evening between the indians and our men. the indians are very active; one of them proved as fleet as 〈our best runner〉 Drewer (Drouillard, George) and R.
  • However, Roderick Sprague believes that they were Nez Perces (Nez Perce Indians) from one of two villages on the Snake River (Shoshone Indians) above the mouth of the Clearwater (Clearwater (Flathead, Kooskooskee) River) .
  • June 8, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
November 2, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) went to the village to here what they had to Say & I fell down, and formed a camp near where a Small Camp of Indian were huntig    Cut down the Trees around our Camp, in the evening Capt. Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) returned with a present of 11 bushe[l]s of Corn, our recaree (Arikara Indians) Chief Set out acccompanied by one Chief [NB: of Mandans (Mandan Indians) 〈& Minetarees (Hidatsa Indians) 〉] and Several Brave men, [NB: of Minitarees (Hidatsa Indians) & Mandans (Mandan Indians) ]    he Called for Some Small article which we had 〈given〉 [NB: promised] but as I could not understand him he Could not get [NB: (afd he did get it] [NB: leave out this]    the wind from the S. E. a fine day—    many Indians 〈to view us〉 to day Biddle (Biddle, Nicholas) has made considerable emendations here to get it to read differently, perhaps for his History.
  • November 2, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
March 27, 1806 - Gass, Patrick
  • We embarked early and went about 6 miles, when we came to a small Indian village, where the natives received us very kindly. They belong to the Chil-ook (Chinook Indians) nation, and differ something in their language from the Chin-ooks (Chinook Indians) .
  • Two small canoes went on ahead to Deer island (Deer Island) , in order to kill some game by the time we should come up. We passed several Indian lodges where the natives were fishing for sturgeon, and got a large one out of a small canoe; a number of which followed us with 2 Indians in each of them.
  • That is, they spoke a Lower Chinookan dialect. More "Skillutes (Watlala Indians) "; see above. The oak is probably Oregon white oak and the ash may be Oregon ash.
  • March 27, 1806
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
December 31, 1805 - Clark, William
  • The Nez Perce (Nez Perce Indians) chief Ar-lo-quat's (Ar-lo-quat) name is 'álik̓at (Ar-lo-quat) , "male mountain goat."
  • The exact purpose is unclear, but Clark (Clark, William) was presumably thinking about the behavior of the Chinook (Chinook Indians) and Clatsop (Clatsop Indians) women and the men of the party.
  • April 19th 1843—by D. D. Mitchell—Supt—Indian Affairs." See Appendix C.
  • December 31, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
ca. April 1804 - Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether; Unknown
  • republican    Mandans (Mandan Indians) &c   6 Mahar (Omaha Indians) [Omaha (Omaha Indians) ]—   2        Poncaras (Ponca Indians) [Ponca (Ponca Indians) ] } 3        Rickerie (Arikara Indians) [Arikara (Arikara Indians) ]        22—6   7—1 29    7 Cp L[ewis] (Lewis, Meriwether)   32 C[lark] (Clark, William)     2 D[rouillard?]
  • Tick marks (not printed) may have been a means of evaluation, but this is conjecture. In this list of Indian tribes "republican" refers to the Republican, or Kitkahahki, division of the Pawnees (Pawnee Indians) ; "Loup" to the Loup (Pawnee Indians, Loup or Skiri) , or Skiri (Pawnee Indians, Loup or Skiri) , division of that tribe. "Chayon (Cheyenne Indians) ," may be Cheyenne, but being joined with "Loup," it must refer to the Chawi, or Grand, division of the Pawnees (Pawnee Indians) .
  • ca. April 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether; Unknown
August 30, 1806 - Clark, William
  • we were at a loss to deturmin of what nation those indians were.    from their hostile appearance we were apprehensive they were Tetons (Sioux Indians, Teton) .    but from the Country through which they roved we were willing to believe them eithe the Yanktons (Sioux Indians, Yankton) , Ponars (Ponca Indians) or Mahars (Omaha Indians) either of which nations are well disposed towards the white people. I deturmined to find out who they were without running any resque of the party and indians, and therefore took three french men who could Speak the Mahar (Omaha Indians) Pania (Pawnee Indians) and some Seioux (Sioux Indians) and in a Small canoe I went over to a Sand bar which extended Sufficently near the opposite Shore to Converse.   
  • August 30, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 11, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • a clear morning.    we Set out eairly.    two Indians accompy. us in a Small canoe.    we proceeded on.    at 8 oClock we halted at a large fishing Camp of Indians where we bought Some Sammon and 8 or 10 fat dogs &C.   
  • we roed 30 miles this day and Camped at a fishing party of Indians, where we bought 3 or 4 more dogs and a little Sammon &C— Probably a band of Nez Perces (Nez Perce Indians) , but perhaps including Palouse (Palouse Indians) Indians, as well.
  • The camps were those of the Nez Perces (Nez Perce Indians) and perhaps the Palouses (Palouse Indians) .
  • October 11, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
April 25, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • Pisquow Indians
  • we dined and proced on    a number of Indians followed us.    in the evening we Camped at the Commencement of a low Country on this Side.   
  • one of the party killed Several ducks to day. "Pish-quit-pahs (Pisquow Indians) " to Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and Clark (Clark, William) , perhaps a Shahaptian-speaking division of Umatilla Indians (Umatilla Indians) .
  • April 25, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
April 24, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • one of our horses Strayed away last night.    we hired Indians to hunt him.    these Savages are numerous & tribe of wa-hopan (Tenino Indians) , who come from a river to the North of this.   
  • the most of them are good to ride or pack.    the Indians found our lost horse.    we hired 2 more of Some of the flat heads who are going with us.   
  • In Klickitat County (Klickitat County, Wash.) , Washington (Washington) , opposite the town of Blalock (Blalock, Oreg.) , Gilliam County (Gilliam County, Oreg.) , Oregon (Oregon) , in the territory of Umatilla Indians (Umatilla Indians) .
  • April 24, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
March 27, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • no Chinnooks (Chinook Indians) come above the marshey islands (Marsh (Seal) Island) nor do the Skillutes (Watlala Indians) visit the mouth of the Columbia (Columbia River) .    the Clatsops (Clatsop Indians) , Cathlahmahs (Cathlamet Indians) and Wackkiacums (Wahkiakum Indians) are the carriers between these nations being in alliance with both.—    The Coweliskee (Cowlitz (Coweliskee) River) is 150 yards wide, is deep and from indian Information navigable a very considerable distance for canoes.   
  • The first term comes from Nez Perce (Nez Perce Indians) qé'mes, while the second is Shoshone (Shoshone Indians) pasigoo, both signifying the camas.
  • March 27, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
October 27, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • At half past seven we arrived at the first village of the Mandans (Mandan Indians) , and halted about two hours. This village contains 40 or 50 lodges built in the manner of those of the Rickarees (Arikara Indians) . These Indians have better complexions than most other Indians, and some of the children have fair hair.
  • This trait led to speculation that the Mandans (Mandan Indians) were the fabled Welsh Indians (Welsh Indians) .
  • October 27, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
November 30, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clark 30h of Nov.    an Indian Chief Came and informed us that five Men of the Mandans (Mandan Indians) Nation was on a hunting party to the S W, distance about Eight Leagues, they were Surprised    one man Killed two wounded and nine horses taken, Severale others men wet on hunting partes & were to have returned Several days ago & had not yet returned, & that they expected to be attacked by an army of Sioux (Sioux Indians)    I took 23 men and went to the Village deturmined to Collect the warriers of the Different Villages and meet the Sioux (Sioux Indians) —    The village not expecting Such Strong aid in So Short a time was a little alarmed of the formable appearance of my party—    The principal Chiefs met me at 200 yards Distance from the Town, and envited me to his Lodge. I told the Nation the Cause of Comeing &. was to assist in Chastiseing the enimies of my Dutifull Children—    I requested great Chief to repeat the Cercunstance of the Sioux (Sioux Indians) attack as it realy happined which he did—    I told them to Send runners to the other villages & assemble the warriers & we Would go and Chastize the Sioux (Sioux Indians) for Spilling the Blood of my Dutifull Children—    after a Conversation of a few minits amongst themselves, a Chief Said that they now Saw that what we had told them was the trooth and we were ready to protect them and Kill those who did not listen to our Councils (and after a long Speech) he concluded    Said ["]the Sious (Sioux Indians) who Spilt our Blood is gorn home—    The Snow is deep and it is Cold, our horses Cannot Travel thro the plains in pursute—    If you will go and conduct us in the Spring after the Snow is gorn, we will assemble all the warriers & Brave men in all the villages and go with you."
  • I crossed the River on the Ice and returned to the fort The events of the day, particularly the Indian point-of-view, are discussed in Ronda (LCAI), 95–98.
  • November 30, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 8, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • . & 3rd villages of Mandans (Mandan Indians)    the [wind] high from the W.    we Saw Some Snow on the N.
  • we passed two villages of the Grossvantares (Hidatsa Indians) or Bigbelleys (Hidatsa Indians)    at the lowermost one comes in a handsom River called Knife River (Knife River) .   
  • we proceded 14 mls. to day and camped at the bottom N. S.    an Indian came from the Mandan (Mandan Indians) nation and joined us to Go and Show us the River as he tells us that he has been near the head.— Somewhat confusing since there were only two Mandan (Mandan Indians) villages, Mitutanka (Mitutanka (Matootonha) village) and Ruptáre (Ruptáre (Rooptahee) village) .
  • April 8, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
September 1, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • they Signd. to us to put to shore but we floated a short distance below a point at an open place as we expected they were the Tetons (Sioux Indians, Teton)    as Soon as we halted we heard Several guns fire    we expecting that the Indians were fireing at our hunters who were behind Capt.
  • we found these to be Yanktons (Sioux Indians, Yankton) Nation & good Indians and friends to us    our officers Smoaked with them and gave them a bushel of corn & Some ribben and then we procd. on    towards evening we killed a fat Elk on an Island.   
  • Side    opposite to this Camp we Counceled with the yanktons (Sioux Indians, Yankton) or babruleys (Sioux Indians, Brulé or Bois Brule) on the last of August 1804.
  • September 1, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
November 20, 1804 - Clark, William
  • all the after part of the day    a temperate day    Several Indians Came Down    to Eat fresh meat, three Chiefs from the 2d Mandan (Mandan Indians) Village Stay all Day, they are verry Curious in examining our works. Those Chiefs informs us that the Souix (Sioux Indians) settled on the Missourie (Missouri River) above Dog [ NB: Chayenne (Cheyenne River) ] River (Cheyenne River) , threten to attacked them this winter, and have treated 2 Ricares (Arikara Indians) who Carried the pipe of peace to them Verry roughly.   
  • &c. & is much displeased with Ricares (Arikara Indians) for makeing a peace with the Mandans (Mandan Indians) &. &. through us, &.   
  • November 20, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
September 28, 1804 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • S. & bottom on S. S.    Saw an Indian comming up the Shore.    we hoisted a white flag, and a red flag for peace or war, and was determined to fight our way, if we could not Go without.   
  • Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) Got into a perogue and went on Shore to See what the Indian wished brought him on board.    he Informed us that 300 more of Savages had arived at the village they wished us to Stop and talk with them, but we did not Stop.   
  • The Officer then threw 〈a〉 some Carrotts of tobacco among them, and they left the Rope and ran to get it, One of the Chiefs which had been on board, the boat after some hesitation loosed the Cable.— We then set out with a fair breeze of Wind, and passed some high land, lying on the North side of the River; and fine bottoms of land, lying on the South side of the River, We proceeded on, when we espied an Indian coming running up the Shore, the Officers order'd a White flag, and one of Red to be hoisted, as a sign to the Indians, that we were either for peace, or Warr; they being determined if we could not proceed on without fighting, that it should be the case; but if possible, to get on peacably;    Captain Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) got on board one of the Pettyaugers, and proceeded to shore, to see what the Indian wanted, and to gain what information; he could from him, respecting the intention of the Indians toward us; Captain Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) soon returned, and brought the Indian on board with him;— This Indian told the Officers, that Three hundred more Indians, had arrived at the Village, that we had just left; and that they wished us to stop, and have a talk with them.—    and that he had come to us, for that purpose; Our officers proceeded on with the Boat & Pettyaugers, not wishing to have any further connection with such a banditti of Villains.—    The Indian remained on board the boat with us, at Sun set we anchor'd the Boat & Pettyaugers out near a Sand Barr, lying in the middle of the River; Where we remained 'till the morning—    The Tribe of the Teton (Sioux Indians, Teton) Indians are part of the Soix (Sioux Indians) Nation, they inhabit on both sides & near the Mesouri (Missouri River) River.   
  • September 28, 1804
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
May 12, 1806 - Clark, William
  • Those people are much affraid of the black foot indians, and the Big bellies of Fort deprarie (Atsina Indians) establishment.    those indians kill great numbers of this nation whenever they pass over to hunt on the Missouri (Missouri River) .    one of our men bought a horse for a fiew Small articles of an Indian. The Indians brought up a fat horse and requested us to kill and eate it as they had nothing else to offer us to eate.
  • May 12, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
Images from the Gallery of the Open Frontier
  • Oklahoma USA 75-se-1 Collection: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs–Photographs of the Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians of Seger Colony, Oklahoma 1886 NARA-NWDNS
  • Indian agencies
  • Indian encampments
  • N.D.
  • Images
May 31, 1804 - Clark, William
  • When first mentioned by Europeans in 1673 the Osages (Osage Indians) were living on the upper Osage River (Osage (Osarge) River) in present western Missouri (Missouri) . During the early eighteenth century the group known as the Little Osages (Little Osage Indians) moved away and settled on the lower Missouri River (Missouri River) , near the Missouri Indians (Missouri Indians) . Those remaining on the Osage River (Osage (Osarge) River) were known as the Great (or Grand, or Big) Osages (Great Osage Indians) . Late in the eighteenth century the Little Osages (Little Osage Indians) rejoined their kinsmen.
  • May 31, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 2, 1804 - Clark, William
  • at Sunset 6 chiefs and their warries [warriors] of the Ottos (Oto Indians) , and Missoures (Missouri Indians) , with a french man by the name of Far fonge (Farfonge) , we 〈Spoke〉 Shook hands and gave them Some Tobacco & Provisions, they Sent us Water Millions    Three verry large & fat Bucks Killed to day    the wind Continue hard from the S.
  • During the late seventeenth and the eighteenth century, they moved westward from the Mississippi River (Mississippi River) across Iowa (Iowa) and lived with or near the Iowa (Iowa Indians) Indians. About 1798 the Otos (Oto Indians) were joined by the Missouris (Missouri Indians) , and the two were subsequently regarded as one tribe. Both were horticulturalists and hunters, and both, like the Iowas (Iowa Indians) , spoke a Siouan language of the Chiwere group. The Oto (Oto Indians) town, in Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and Clark's (Clark, William) time, was apparently in Saunders County (Saunders County, Nebr.) , Nebraska (Nebraska) , on the Platte (Platte River (Nebr.))
  • August 2, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
September 24, 1804 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • these are a band of the Souix (Sioux Indians) nation called the Tetons (Sioux Indians, Teton) .    those 5 we Saw on Shore Stayed all night.
  • Dak.)) , at about 100 Yards distance from the Shore, & all the Men remain'd on board, except the Guard & the Cooks, We had among the french Canadians that were with us, One Man that could speak, and understand a little of the language, that was Spoken to us by those 5 Indians, that came to the bank of the River; by him we learnt that they said their Chiefs, would come and see us tomorrow; and added, if their Young Men had taken the Horse, they would get him for us again.—    These Indians are a Band of the Souix (Sioux Indians) Nation called the Tetons (Sioux Indians, Teton) .    Those 5 Indians came, and staid on the Shore opposite the boat all this Night.—
  • September 24, 1804
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
October 24, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Came too on an Island Caused by the river cutting through a narrow point 7 years ago, on this Island we wer visited by the grand Chief of the mandans (Mandan Indians) a 2d Chief and Some other, who wer Camped on the Island, those Chief met our Ricarra (Arikara Indians) Chief with great Corduallity, & Smoked together    Cap Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) Visited the Camps 5 Lodges, and pro-ceeded on & Camped near a 2d Camp of Mandans (Mandan Indians) on the S. S. nearly opposit the old Ricara (Arikara Indians) & Manden (Mandan Indians) Village which the Ricarras (Arikara Indians) abandaned in the year 1789 Course & Distanc &c.
  • N. 64° W 2 m to a point of high land on which the Mandans (Mandan Indians) & after them the Ricaras (Arikara Indians) formrley lived.
  • October 24, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
June 15, 1804 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • E fresh    We Crouded Sail and Saild 16 miles    Campd at the Indian Settlement namd. little Zoe prarie (Gumbo Point site)    the hunters met us with four bears And three deer    the party drank a Drachm of whisky and Roe on— Friday June 15th    This morning we left Willow point (or Willow Priari,[)] with a fair Wind from the South east, and in the evening encamped at an Old deserted Indian settlement (formerly belonging to the Caw (Kansa Indians) Nation[)], called the little Zoe Priari (Gumbo Point site) , where we were met by our hunters, who had kill'd four Bears and Three Deer, The Captains order'd a dram of whiskey, to be served to each man.    We had during this day, crouded all Sail and the distance we run being 16 Miles.— Referring to the Kaw, or Kansa, Indians (Kansa Indians) , but the site is generally considered a Missouri (Missouri Indians) village.
  • June 15, 1804
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
July 21, 1804 - Floyd, Charles
  • 〈of〉 about one mile the Hilles of Prarie Land    about 2 days and half up the Plate (Platte River (Nebr.)) 2 nations of Indians Lives vic The Souttoes (Oto Indians) the Ponney (Pawnee Indians)    this River is not navigable for Boats to Go up it    passed a Creek Called the [blank] on the South Side    it is about 20 yardes wide    it Comes out of a Large Prarie    Campt on the South Side Oto (Oto Indians) and Pawnee (Pawnee Indians) Indians.
  • July 21, 1804
  • Journals
  • Floyd, Charles
August 3, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • This morning the two Captains held a Counsel With the 〈13〉 Zottous (Oto Indians) Indians & made 6 Chiefs under the american government, they all Recd their medel & other presents With Great kindness & thankfulness they all appeared to be Glad that they had Got freed from all other powers &C—    they made Some verry Sensable Speeches Smoaked and drank with us.
  • Barter (La Liberté) the man who went for those Indians Set out from their camp a day before them & has not returned.   
  • is arround the most proper place for a tradeing house as their are these three or four nations, the ottoes (Oto Indians) Ponies (Pawnee Indians) & mahar (Omaha Indians) &C.
  • August 3, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
August 17, 1804 - Clark, William
  • a kind of Timothey, the Seed of which branches from the main Stalk & is more like flax Seed than that of a Timothey— at 6 oClock this evening Labieche (Labiche, François) one of the Party Sent to the Ottoes (Oto Indians) joined, and informed that the Party was behind with one of the Deserters M B.
  • and the 3 principal Chiefs of the Nations—    La Liberty (La Liberté) they cought but he decived them and got away—    the object of those Chiefs comeing forward is to make a peace with the Mahars (Omaha Indians) thro: us—.    as the Mahars (Omaha Indians) are not at home this great object cannot be accomplished at this time    Set the Praries on fire to bring the Mahars (Omaha Indians) & 〈Missouries (Missouri Indians) 〉 Soues (Sioux Indians) if any were near, this being the usial Signal.
  • August 17, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 18, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • the deserter, likewise a the Big chief of the Zottaus (Oto Indians) called the Big horse (Big Horse) , and another chief called petevaliar (Little Thief) , of Missouri (Missouri Indians) , & a Frenchman & 7 of the wariers came for the purpose of treating with the Mahas (Omaha Indians) &C—    Reed (Reed, Moses B.) tried & punished towards evening; the Chiefs verry Sorrey &.C—    an Liberty (La Liberté) (had been at the village) has not returned with Drewyer (Drouillard, George) Actually, Big Horse (Big Horse) was a Missouri (Missouri Indians) Indian, and Little Thief (Little Thief) ("petevaliar (Little Thief) " for the French petit voleur (Little Thief) , "little thief (Little Thief) "), an Oto (Oto Indians) .
  • August 18, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
September 29, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • We set sail early and had fair weather; passed a handsome bottom covered with timber on the north side, and bluffs on the south. We saw several Indians on the south side walking up the shore; spoke to them and found they were some of those we left yesterday.
  • We sent them two carrots to a sand bar, where they could get it; but told them we should not go on shore again, until we came to the nation of the Aricaris (Arikara Indians) , commonly called Rickarees (Arikara Indians) , Rickrees (Arikara Indians) , or Rees (Arikara Indians) .
  • We passed an old village on the south side, where the Rickarees (Arikara Indians) lived five years ago, and raised corn in the bottom, around the village.
  • September 29, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
November 13, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) & 6 men went in the pearogue up the River through the Ice to the first village of the Mandens (Mandan Indians) after Stone for the backs of our Chimneys. Some of the Souix (Sioux Indians) Indians came here with a chief of the Mandens (Mandan Indians) .   
  • According to Clark (Clark, William) , they were Assiniboine (Assiniboine Indians) Indians.
  • November 13, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
November 19, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • Our hunters went out & killed 3 Deer this day, which they brought to our Camp.    A number of Indians came to visit us at our Camp.    They wore Robes made out of the Skins of swans, Squirrel skins, & some made out of beaver skins also—    Some of these Indians Wore hats which they make out of white Cedar & bear Grass.   
  • Some of these Indians about 15 in number encamped near us, and staid during this night.— Beargrass, Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt. A very different impression of the appearance of the local people from that of Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) ; see the captain's entry for March 19, 1806. They were Chinooks (Chinook Indians) , of the Chinookan (Chinook Indians) language family.
  • November 19, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
March 25, 1806 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • Whitehouse Tuesday March 25th    This morning early a Canoe with some of the Natives of the Clatsop Tribe (Clatsop Indians) came to where our Canoes lay, their Canoe was loaded with fish & Wapatoes roots.   
  • M. at which time we proceeded on our voyage, and met two Canoes with Indians, who were descending the River.    We continued on, & crossed over to an Island, on which we found a fishing Camp of the Cath-le-mah (Cathlamet Indians) Indians, These Indians had a great number of Sturgeon laying tied at the Edge of the water, which were fastened to Stakes drove into the ground.   
  • we continued on till after dark, & came to another Indian fishing Camp, laying on the South side of the River; where we encamped for the night
  • March 25, 1806
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
October 12, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Peters)) for Corn &c and have great influence over this people    treat them roughly and keep them in contineal dread—    The Ricaras (Arikara Indians) are at war with the Crow Indians and Mandans (Mandan Indians) —&c. &—    The Ricaras (Arikara Indians) , have a custom Similar to the Sioux (Sioux Indians) in maney instances, they think they cannot Show a Sufficient acknowledgement without [giving?]
  • Gass (Gass, Patrick) gives an excellent description of an Arikara (Arikara Indians) earth lodge on October 10. Murdoch Cameron (Cameron, Murdoch) , a Scotsman, was a trader on the St.
  • Peters)) ,, whom Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and Clark (Clark, William) believed to have a bad influence on the Indians. They never met him, but in 1805 Zebulon Montgomery Pike (Pike, Zebulon Montgomery) warned him against trading liquor to the Sioux (Sioux Indians) .
  • October 12, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
June 13, 1804 - Floyd, Charles
  • Side Calleded River missorea (Palmer Creek)    Just above the Creek a Large Praria of Good Land on the N Side    at this Praria antient Missourie Indianes (Missouri Indians) had a village    at this place 300 of them were Killed by the Saukees (Sauk Indians) in former times    a fair day    past the Grand River (Grand River (Mo.))
  • (Palmer Creek) " Sauk (Sauk Indians) Indians. "Missourie (Missouri Indians) Indianes" and the passage of "village    at this place . . . in former times" was underlined in red by an unknown hand.
  • June 13, 1804
  • Journals
  • Floyd, Charles
July 23, 1804 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • Peter (Cruzatte, Pierre) Set out to go to the Zotoe (Oto Indians) & Paunie (Pawnee Indians) village 45 miles to Invite them to come to our camp for Certian purposes &c—    we hoisted the american Collours on the Bank    The Latidude at this place is 41D 3m 19S ¾ North.   
  • Peter (Cruzatte, Pierre) to the Zotoe (Oto Indians) & pawne (Pawnee Indians) Villages, distance 45 Miles, in order to invite the Indians inhabiting those Villages, to come to our Camp, in order to hold a Council with them.   
  • Whitehouse's (Whitehouse, Joseph) spelling of Oto (Oto Indians) and Pawnee (Pawnee Indians) .
  • July 23, 1804
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
October 18, 1805 - Gass, Patrick
  • We went 21 miles and halted close below an Indian camp; where they have thirty canoes; and a great quantity of dried fish. The Yakimas (Yakima Indians) lived in the immediate vicinity of the Snake (Snake (Ki-moo-e-nim, Lewis's, Southeast Branch of Columbia) River) -Columbia (Columbia River) fork, with the Wanapams (Wanapam Indians) nearby. Also nearby were the Walulas (Walula Indians) (Walla Wallas (Walula Indians) ), Umatillas (Umatilla Indians) , and Palouses (Palouse Indians) .
  • October 18, 1805
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
August 30, 1806 - Gass, Patrick
  • We killed some buffaloe and elk in our way, and about 2 o'clock, we met a band of the Teetons (Sioux Indians, Teton) , fifty or sixty in number, and halted on the opposite side of the river as we did not wish to have any intercourse with them. Here we waited for three hunters, who were behind; and during our stay eight or nine of the Indians swam to a sand-bar about sixty yards from us, and we found that they were the same rascals, who had given us trouble as we went up.
  • Gass (Gass, Patrick) may mean either Ponca (Ponca Indians) or Pawnee (Pawnee Indians) , and the latter could refer to the Arikaras (Arikara Indians) , who were of the same Caddoan language family as the Pawnees (Pawnee Indians) .
  • August 30, 1806
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick