Journals of the
Lewis & Clark Expedition

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October 16, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clark (Clark, William) is apparently applying Arikara (Arikara Indians) names learned from the chief accompanying them to this and other streams passed.
  • It is sápat, "woman" in Arikara (Arikara Indians) . MRC map 47; MRY map 123. Presently Little Beaver Creek (Little Beaver (Kee-tooch Sar-kar-nar) Creek (Emmons County, N.
  • It is čítUx sAhaánu', "beaver creek" in Arikara (Arikara Indians) . Atlas map 27; MRC map 47. The Arikara (Arikara Indians) words wah for "elk" and arika for "horn" may coincide with Clark's (Clark, William) rendition.
  • October 16, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
September 8, 1804 - Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
  • Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and Clark (Clark, William) apparently had portions of his journal of that trip with them. The Sioux (Sioux Indians) blocked Truteau (Truteau, Jean Baptiste) from reaching the Mandans (Mandan Indians) , so he wintered at the post mentioned here. Clark's (Clark, William) "Pania (Pawnee Indians) House" (or "Pawnee (Pawnee Indians) House") is more accurately named "Ponca (Ponca Indians) House," being in the neighborhood of that tribe.
  • It could be either "Panca (Ponca Indians) " or "Pania (Ponca Indians) " on Evans's (Evans, John Thomas) map 1 (Atlas map 7).
  • September 8, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
October 18, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • we proceeded on over Several rapids places    passd. Several large Camps of Indians which have flag lodges and abundance of Sammon, and have a great nomber of horses.   
  • M. we proceeded again on our Voyage; and had Two Chiefs with us, that had come from the flatthead (Flathead Indians) Nation of Indians.    We proceeded on down the Columbia River (Columbia River) , & found it to be from half to three quarters of a Mile wide, & the water running very smooth.   
  • We also passed several large Camps of Indians, who had Lodges built of flags, and they had abundance of Salmon.   
  • October 18, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
October 21, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • we went about 32 miles and Camped at Some Indian Camps on the Stard. Side.    a handsom Spring run from a clift of rocks near our Camp.   
  • We also saw among these Indians, Raccoon, Otter, fisher & a number of other kinds of small Skins, These Indians behaved very kind to us, they gave us any article that we asked for which they had among them, by our giving them any small article ever so trifling we pleased; & seemed very well pleased with us.   
  • )) &    We came about 32 Miles this day & encamped near some Indian Camps, which were Inhabited by a number of Indians; lying on the North side of the River.   
  • October 21, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
October 25, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • a little [below] or at the lower end of the narrows we Saw a war party of Indians, with horses.    they had deer & bear meat with them    the head chief had on a jacket that was made of Some kind of worked Splits which would defend off the arrows.   
  • One of the Canoes nearly filled, in passing through the Rapid waves & whirlpools in the Rapids.—    We found an Indian village, laying below these falls, or rapids, 〈from whom〉 our officers purchased from the Indians that resided in this Village 16 bags of pounded Salmon; some bread made out of Roots, Cranberries &ca.   
  • Our officers gave their Chief a medal, & he in return gave them some Bears Oil & a fresh Salmon.—    This Warr party of Indians staid with us but a short time.    The Two Indian Chiefs who descended the River with us, told us by signs, that there was a Nation of Indians, that resided on this River below us, who would certainly kill them; & the whole of our party, and that they must leave us, in order to return to their own Village again.   
  • October 25, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
November 2, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • high clifts on each Side.    the Indians over took us with their canoes, which they carryed past the big rapids    Saw 2 Indians dressed in red Scarlet and one in blue cloth which appeared new.   
  • We saw on board those Indians Canoes 2 of the Indian Men, who were dressed in Scarlet & one of them dressed in blue Cloth all of which appeared to be new.    Those Indians had a Musket which the Stock was made of Brass & Copper & a Powder flask.—    Towards evening the River got rather wide, & we could scarcely perceive any current running in the River.   
  • November 2, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
August 13, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • S. opposite to which we Camped on S. Side Near the Mahar (Omaha Indians) Village, I and 3 more of the party went out to the Village or to the place where it formely Stood.   
  • The rest of his discussion about the village, its surroundings, and the Omaha (Omaha Indians) people is apparently taken from Clark's (Clark, William) entry of August 14 (see notes there).
  • No information seems to be available to identify a chief of the Poncas (Ponca Indians) buried here. The statement may be unreliable or inaccurate.
  • August 13, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
October 11, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Huts on the Std Side N. 40° W.   4 mile to a Std. bend    psd. a Std. point to an Indian Camp of 3 Lodges on the Stard. Side, Dined & purchased 3 Dogs and a fiew dried fish for our voyage down    one Indian ac- compd. us S. 60° W.   2 miles to a Stard. bend    passed a Stard point and 2 Indian House    all the houses* are deserted    the owners out in the plains killg the antelope, Saw gees & Ducks S 30° W   1 to a Lard bend opsd. old Indn.
  • West   2 ½ miles to a Lard. bend    passed a rapid opsd. a stoney Island from Stard opsd which S is an Indian Cabin, a rapid at the Lower point of Isd N. W.   3 ½ miles to the mouth of a run in the Stard. Bend at 2 Indian Lodges, here we Camped, met an Indian from below, Pur- chased 3 dogs and a fiew dried fish, this is a great fishing Island    a house below, it evacuated    wind a head   30   Since the Elkskin-bound Journal once again becomes chiefly courses and distances, most notes are to Codex H, which begins on this date.
  • October 11, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
January 24, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Drewyer (Drouillard, George) and Baptiest La Paage (Lepage, Jean Baptiste) returned this morning in a large Canoe with Comowooll (Coboway) and six Clatsops (Clatsop Indians) .    they brought two deer and the flesh of three Elk & one Elk's skin, having given the flesh of one other Elk which they killed and three Elk's skins to the Indians as the price of their assistance in transporting the ballance of the meat to the Fort; these Elk and deer were killed near point Adams (Point Adams) and the Indians carryed them on their backs about six miles, before the waves were sufficiently low to permit their being taken on board their canoes.    the Indians remained with us all day. The Indians witnissed Drewyer's (Drouillard, George) shooting some of those Elk which has given them a very exalted opinion of us as marksmen and the superior excellence of our rifles compared with their guns; this may probably be of service to us, as it will deter them from any acts of hostility if they have ever meditated any such.
  • The word apparently comes from Cree (Cree Indians) kiisaakamitew, "it is hot [a liquid]." Here in Codex J, p. 40, appears a diagram of the digging instrument (fig. 20).
  • January 24, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
April 21, 1806 - Clark, William
  • at 12 oClock Capt Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and party Came up from the Skillutes (Watlala Indians) Village with 9 horses packed and one which bratten (Bratton, William E.)
  • (Lewis, Meriwether) informed the Indians that the next man who attempted to steal Should be Shot and thretened them and informed them that he could kill them in a moment and Set their town on fire if he pleased.   
  • our guide continued with us, he appears to be an honest fellow.    he tels us that the indians above will treat us with much more hospitallity than those we are now with.   
  • April 21, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
June 26, 1806 - Clark, William
  • Soon after we had encamped we were over taken by a Chopunnish (Nez Perce Indians) man who had pursued us with a view to accompany Capt Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) to the falls of Missouri (Missouri River, Great Falls of the) .    we were now informed that the two young men we met on the 21st and detained Several days were going on a party of pleasure mearly to the Oat-lash-shoots (Flathead Indians) or as they call them Sha-lees (Flathead Indians) a band of the Tush-she-pâh (Flathead Indians) Nation who reside on Clarks river (Bitterroot (Clark's, Flathead) River) in the neighbourhood of the Mouth of Travelers rest (Travelers' Rest (Idaho)) .    one of our Guides lost 2 of his horses, he returned in Serch of them he found them & rejoined us at Dark.    all of the Indians with us have two & 3 horses each. I was taken yesterday with a violent pain in my head which has tormented me ever Since, most violently
  • June 26, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
Images from the Library of Congress
  • Atsina Indian Atsina Indian on horse pulling travois LC-USZ62-97842 cph 3b43934 Photographer: Edward S.
  • N.D.
  • Images
May 27, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clark (Clark, William) Sunday May 27th    as we were Setting out this morning two Canoos loaded with Bever elk Deer Skins & Buffalow Robes, from the Mahars (Omaha Indians) [Omaha (Omaha Indians) ] nation, they inform that they left that place 2 months, a gentle Breese from the S.
  • Sd opposit the upper Point of the Isd we Camped on last night S 82° W 6 ms to a pt: on Lbd Side    passed the lower pt. of a Isd Passed 4 Casiex [cajeux] 3 from Grand Osage (Great Osage Indians) one form the Parnees (Pawnee Indians) [Pawnees (Pawnee Indians) ], Passed two Isd. on the S Side a Creek of 20 yrds Wide on the Lb.
  • May 27, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
June 17, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Pryor (Pryor, Nathaniel Hale) and Some men to get ash timber for ores, and Set Some men to make a Toe Rope out of the Cords of a Cable which had been provided by Capt Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) at Pitts burg for the Cable of the boat—    George Drewyer (Drouillard, George) our hunter and one man came in with 2 Deer & a Bear, also a young Horse, they had found in the Prarie, this horse has been in the Prarie a long time and is fat, I suppose he has been left by Some war party against the Osage (Osage Indians) , This is a Crossing place for the war partis against that nation from the Saukees (Sauk Indians) , Aiaouez (Iowa Indians) , [NB: Ayauways (Iowa Indians) ] & Souix (Sioux Indians) .
  • June 17, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
May 30, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • passed a Camp wher 29 lodges of the blackfoot Indians had lately been & left piles of mussel Shells at each fire.   
  • Camped at a handsom narrow bottom covered with thin c. wood timber, where 50 or 60 lodges of Indians had lately been Camped.    they were gone as we expect up the river.   
  • M. from the place that we dined at; and passed an Old Camp of 20 lodges, which the black foot Indians we supposed had lately left.    they had left, piles of Muscle shells, at each fire, We came 8 Miles, and encamped at a handsome Narrow bottom, thinly covered with Cotton wood; where we found 60 lodges, that some Indians had lately left, and we expected had gone up the River Mesouri (Missouri River) , Those Indians left several lodge poles, and a considerable quantity of fire Wood, which they had gather'd; 2 of our hunters went across the River to a hill, where they killed 2 Buffalo, which they brought to our Campe.—
  • May 30, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
October 13, 1805 - Clark, William
  • passed a bad rockey rapid at 2 miles    many rocks N. 50° W.   5 miles to a large Creek Std. bend [X: at 2 Indian cabins] passed a bad rapid for 4 miles Water Compressed in a nar- row Channel not more than 25 yards for about 1½ miles Saw Several Indians, this place may be called the narrows or narrow rapid 〈great fishery〉 N. 75° W.   2 miles to the Stard. bend S W.   2 ½ miles to a Lard. bend N. 80° W.   3 miles to a Stard. bend S. 60° W.   2 miles on the Std. Side    passed a rapid S. 40° W.   3 ½ miles to a Lard. bend    high Clifts    the parts of an Indian house Scaffoled up on the Lard Sd. opposit a Picketed grave yard    we Came to on the Stard. Side & Camped. Two Indians whome we left at the forks over took us on horseback & wishes to accompany us, no game   23   Columbia River (Columbia River) and Affluents, Washington, ca.
  • October 13, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 12, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Cascade Indians
  • Russell (GEF), 176–82; Russell (FTT), 38–41. The Watlalas (Watlala Indians) (Wahclellahs (Watlala Indians) ) spoke a Chinookan dialect.
  • With the decline in the native population and subsequent amalgamation into fewer groups, the identity of this and other Chinookan bands (Wy-ach-hich, Clahclellah) (Cascade Indians) was gradually lost, with the survivors becoming known simply as the Cascades Indians (Cascade Indians) .
  • April 12, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
December 25, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark Christmas Wednesday 25th December 1805 at day light this morning we we[re] awoke by the discharge of the fire arm of all our party & a Selute, Shoute and a Song which the whole party joined in under our windows, after which they retired to their rooms were Chearfull all the morning—    after brackfast we divided our Tobacco which amounted to 12 carrots one half of which we gave to the men of the party who used tobacco, and to those who doe not use it we make a present of a handkerchief, The Indians leave us in the evening all the party Snugly fixed in their huts—    I recved a presnt of Capt L. (Lewis, Meriwether) of a fleece hosrie Shirt Draws and Socks—, a pr. mockersons of Whitehouse (Whitehouse, Joseph) a Small Indian basket of Gutherich (Goodrich, Silas) , two Dozen white weazils tails of the Indian woman (Sacagawea) , & Some black root of the Indians before their departure—    Drewyer (Drouillard, George) informs me that he Saw a Snake pass across the parth to day.   
  • December 25, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 28, 1806 - Gass, Patrick
  • The morning was pleasant, and we spent it with the Indians, and got dogs, fish, shap-a-leel and roots from them. At 10 o'clock we began to take our horses over the river at this place, as we can lessen our journey considerably by crossing: We borrowed canoes from the natives, and swam the horses alongside, and at 2 o'clock in the afternoon had them all landed safe, after a good deal of trouble.
  • Designated by the captains as Chymnapos (Yakima Indians) , or Chimnapums (Yakima Indians) , these people were Yakimas (Yakima Indians) , living at the mouth of the Yakima River (Yakima (Tapteete) River) and the junction of the Columbia (Columbia River) and the Snake (Snake (Ki-moo-e-nim, Lewis's, Southeast Branch of Columbia) River) .
  • April 28, 1806
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
September 23, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • At six in the evening we saw four Indians on the south side and encamped on the north. Three of the Indians swam over to us: they belonged to the Sioux (Sioux Indians) , and informed us that there were more of their nation not far distant.
  • September 23, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
May 4, 1805 - Gass, Patrick
  • Nickwall (Indian Fort) Creek
  • One of the men became sick this morning and has remained so all day. Probably Antelope (Nickwall (Indian Fort) Creek) , or later Nickwall (Nickwall (Indian Fort) Creek) , Creek, McCone County (McCone County, Mont.) , Montana (Montana) .
  • May 4, 1805
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
October 2, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark Oct. 2nd 〈Tuesday〉 1805 Wednesday dispatch 2 men & an Indian up to the villages we first Came too to purchase roots fish &c.   
  • gave a small pice of Tobacco to the Indians, 3 broachs & 2 rings with my Handkerchif divided between 5 of them.
  • of our canoes, men Something better    nothing except a Small Prarie wolf Killed to day, our Provisions all out except what fiew fish we purchase of the Indians with us; we kill a horse for the men at work to eate &c. &c.
  • October 2, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
December 10, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • Ordway Tuesday 10th Decr. 1805.    the Indians left us this morning.    all hands wen[t] at clearing away the ground for the huts.   
  • they was at a Small village of the Clatsop (Clatsop Indians) nation of Indians on the Coast.    they treated them in a friendly manner.   
  • December 10, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
January 24, 1806 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • In the afternoon 2 of our hunters that were out returned to the Fort, they had killed 4 Elk, & brought in with them 2 Deer which 2 other of our other hunters had killed, These 2 Deer where brought in an Indian Canoe by them & 3 Indians to whom this Canoe belonged.    They brought also the Meat of the Elks in this Canoe, and had given these Indians 2 Elk skins & a considerable of the Meat to them, for packing & bringing in their Canoe, the whole of the Meat left, the Skins &ca.
  • January 24, 1806
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
February 20, 1806 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • they had to wade through another Creek, & came to where some Indians were living, from whom that party brought some E-co-ley or whale meat & Oil.—    The party left at the Fort were employed in dressing Skins &ca. Clatsop Indians (Clatsop Indians) living at present Seaside (Seaside, Oreg.) , Clatsop County (Clatsop County, Oreg.) , Oregon (Oregon) , where the saltmaking camp (Saltmaking Camp (Oreg.))
  • February 20, 1806
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
August 24, 1804 - Clark, William
  • this river is about 30 yards wide and runs thro: a Plain & Prarie in its whole Course    In a northerley direction from the mouth of this Creek in an imence Plain a high Hill is Situated, and appears of a Conic form and by the different nations of Indians in this quarter is Suppose to be the residence of Deavels.    that they are in human form with remarkable large heads and about 18 Inches high, that they are Very watchfull, and are arm'd with Sharp arrows with which they Can Kill at a great distance; they are Said to Kill all persons who are So hardy as to attempt to approach the hill; they State that tradition informs them that many Indians have Suffered by those little people and among others three Mahar (Omaha Indians) men fell a Sacrefise to their murceyless fury not many years Since—    So much do the Maha (Omaha Indians) , Souis (Sioux Indians) , Ottoes (Oto Indians) and other neighbouring nations believe this fable that no Consideration is Suffecient to induce them to apporach the hill Course Distanc & Refrs. 24 Augt S. 48° W.   2 ½ Mes. to the Commencement of a Blue Clay Bluff of 180 or 190 feet high on the L.
  • The present name presumably alludes to a reddish color in the water and the banks; Indians obtained both red and white earth paints from the river valley, the latter perhaps accounting for Clark's (Clark, William) calling it "White Stone River (Vermillion (White Stone) River (S.
  • August 24, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 16, 1804 - Clark, William
  • S. passed a Circular work, where the, Shār há (or Chien (Cheyenne Indians) , or Dog Indians[)] formerly lived, a Short distance abov passed a Creek which we Call Chien [NB: Chayenne or Sharha (Porcupine (Sharhá, So-harch, Girl) Creek (S.
  • this Isd. is about 1 ½ miles long, Covered with timber Such as Cotton wood, opsd. the lower point a creek coms in on the S. S. called by the Indians Kee tooch Sar kar nar (Little Beaver (Kee-tooch Sar-kar-nar) Creek (Emmons County, N.
  • Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) & the Indian Chief walked on Shore, Soon after I discovered Great numbers of Goats in the river, and Indians on the Shore on each Side, as I approached or got nearer I discovered boys in the water Killing the Goats with Sticks and halling them to Shore, Those on the banks Shot them with arrows and as they approachd. the Shore would turn them back    of this Gangue of Goats I counted 58 of which they had killed & on the Shore, one of our hunters out with Cap Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) killed three Goats, we passed the Camp on the S.
  • October 16, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
January 15, 1806 - Clark, William
  • Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) had a large Coat finished made of the Skins of the tiger Cat, and those of the Small animal about the Size of Small Cat not known to me; those Skins were precured from the Indians who had previously dressed them and formed them into robes; it took Seven of those robes to Complete the Coat.   
  • The imployments used by the Chinnooks (Chinook Indians) Clatsops (Clatsop Indians) , Cath lah mahs (Cathlamet Indians) Kil a mox (Tillamook Indians) &c. in hunting are the gun the bow & arrow, dead falls, Pitts, Snares, and Spears or gigs; their guns are usially of an inferior quallity being old refuse american or brittish muskets which have been repared for this trade there are Some verry good pieces among them, but they are invariably in bad order they appear not to be long enough acquainted with fire arms to understand the management of them.   
  • as these people live in a Countrey abounding in Ponds lakes &c. and frequently hunt in their Canoes and Shoot at fowls and other animals where the arrow missing its object would be lost in the water they are constructed in the manner just discribed in order to make them flote Should they fall in the water, and Consequently Can again be recovered by the hunter; the quiver is useally the Skin of a young bear or that of a wolf invariably open at the Side in Sted of the end, as the quiver of other Indians generally are, this Construction appears to answer better for the Canoe, than if they were open at the end only.   
  • January 15, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 21, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • I now informed the indians that I would shoot the first of them that attempted to steal an article from us.   
  • Windsor (Windsor, Richard) returned with the lost horse, the others who were in surch of the horse soon after returned also.    the Indian who promised to accompany me as far as the Chopunnish (Nez Perce Indians) country produced me two horses one of which he politely gave me the liberty of packing.   
  • I arrived at the Enesher (Tenino Indians) Village where I found Capt Clark (Clark, William) and party; he had not purchased a single horse.   
  • April 21, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
April 24, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • in the intermediate time we had 4 packsaddles made purchased three horses of the Wah-howpums (Tenino Indians) , and hired three others of the Chopunnish (Nez Perce Indians) man who accompanys us with his family and horses. we now sold our canoes for a few strands of beads, loaded up and departed at 2 P.
  • at 12 ms. we arrived at a village of 5 lodges of the Met-cow-wes (Umatilla Indians) , having passed 4 lodges at 4 and 2 at 2 Ms. further.    we ramined all night near the Met-cow-we (Umatilla Indians) lodges about 2 miles below our encampment of the [blank] of October last; we purchased three dogs and some shappellel of these people which we cooked with dry grass and willow boughs.   
  • The village is well within the historic territory of the Umatilla Indians (Umatilla Indians) . Ray (NVCB). The term mɨ́tx̣aw, however, seems to designate a Salish-speaking group.
  • April 24, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
Fort Clatsop Part 1: Estimated Distances from Fort Mandan to the Pacific Coast - Clark, William
  • Wanapam Indians
  • Tenino Indians
  • Chinook Indians
  • Winter 1805-1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 19, 1805 - Clark, William
  • I am confident that I could have toma- hawked every Indian here. The Language is the Sam as those above, those Lodges can turn out 〈250〉 350 men.
  • Side below the lower pt. of an Isd. Ld. opposit 24 Lodges of Indians In- dians fishing.    here we came too and camped, 19 of them on the Stard.
  • Evidently Yelleppit (Yelleppit) was chief of the Walula (Walula Indians) (or Walla Walla (Walula Indians) ) tribe, although it has been suggested that he was a Cayuse (Cayuse Indians) leader named Ollicutt (Ollicutt) known to fur traders in the area a few years later.
  • October 19, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
June 26, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • the indians haistened to be off and informed us that it was a considerable distance to the place which they wished to reach this evening where there was grass for our horses.   
  • we were now informed that the two young men whom we met on the 21st and detained several days are going on a party of pleasure mearly to the Oote-lash-shoots (Flathead Indians) or as they call them Sha-lees (Flathead Indians) a band of the Tush-she-pah (Flathead Indians) nation who reside on Clark's river (Bitterroot (Clark's, Flathead) River) in the neighbourhood of traveller's rest (Travelers' Rest (Idaho)) .   
  • Hitchcock et al., 1:812; Cutright (LCPN), 422. Salish (Flathead Indians) (Flatheads (Flathead Indians) ). The name "Tush-she-pah (Flathead Indians) " apparently represents the Shoshone (Shoshone Indians) term tatasiba, "the people with shaved heads," meaning the Flatheads (Flathead Indians) (see September 4, 1805).
  • June 26, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
April 16, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • On Atlas map 78 and in entries for October 1805 the captains called these Indians at the Long Narrows (Columbia River, The Dalles of the (Great Narrows)) the Echelutes (Wishram-Wasco Indians) (see October 24, 1805). They are now applying the name Skillute (Watlala Indians) for these people, a term they previously used for Indians at the mouth of the Cowlitz River (Cowlitz (Coweliskee) River) (Atlas map 81).
  • The "Eneshur" were probably Tenino Indians (Tenino Indians) . At October 22, 1805, they were identified as Tapanashs (Tenino Indians) , an outdated term replaced by Tenino (Tenino Indians) .
  • April 16, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
Part 2: Miscellany - Clark, William
  • Mandan Indians
  • The large Black and Brindle Wolf is found as high up as the Mahars (Omaha Indians) Vil-      lage—    the Small burrowing wolf of the prarie is found as low as the      Mahars (Omaha Indians) & some fiew near the Missippi (Mississippi River)    836 Ms.
  • Parotqueet is Seen as high as the Mahar (Omaha Indians) Village    836 ms. Opossum is found as high as the River platt (Platte River (Nebr.)) .    600 ms.
  • Postexpedition 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
September 27, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) , myself and some of the men went over to the Indian camp. Their lodges are about eighty in number, and contain about ten persons each; the greater part women and children.
  • About 15 days ago, they had a battle with the Mahas (Omaha Indians) , of whom they killed 75 men and took 25 women prisoners, whom they have now with them.
  • The captains thought the incident demonstrated that the Sioux (Sioux Indians) intended to rob them, but apparently they did not relay this suspicion to the enlisted men.
  • September 27, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
October 14, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Point    at 3 miles, a cave in which the Indians have lived below on the Stard. Side near which is a grave yard    above the 〈passed on〉 〈an〉 Island and bad rapid 〈opsd.〉 on both Sides 〈at〉 [blank] 〈miles〉 ms. 15   Indian Locales on Columbia River (Columbia River) and Affluents, ca.
  • our Small Canoe & three Indians in another was out of Sight at the time our missfortune hapined, and did not join us.   
  • Under this entry in the Elkskin-bound Journal is a sketch map (fig. 12) showing a stylized view of the Columbia drainage system and Indian locales. In the margin here, at right angles to the rest of the writing, is the phrase "killed 8 ducks, good dinner."
  • October 14, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 12, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • we Came 35 miles this day and Camped on the Starbord Side at the head of a bad rockey rapid which we expect is difficult to pass.    the Indians canoe and our Small pilot canoe went over this evening.    we expect that we have got past the numerous flat head (Flathead Indians) nation.   
  • We came about 35 Miles this day, & encamped on the North side of the River, at the head of a bad Rockey rapid, where we expect to meet with difficulty in passing it.—    We got the Indians Canoe & our smallest Canoe over this rapid this evening.    We expect that we have passed the flatt head Nation (Flathead Indians) , which were very numerous.    Our Guides who are Indians inform us, that in 2 days more sailing, that we shall come to another Nation of Indians, who reside near a fork of the River Columbia (Columbia River) & that this fork lies on the South side of the said River.—
  • October 12, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
November 14, 1805 - Clark, William
  • wind blows verry hard but our Situation is Such that we Cannot tell from what point it comes—    one of our Canoes is much broken by the waves dashing it against the rocks—    5 Indians Came up in a Canoe, thro' the waves, which is verry high and role with great fury—    They made Signs to us that they Saw the 3 men we Sent down yesterday.    only 3 of those Indians landed, the other 2 which was women played off in the waves, which induced me to Suspect that they had taken Something from our men below, at this time one of the men Colter (Colter, John) returnd by land and informed us that those Indians had taken his Gigg & basket, I called to the Squars to land and give back the gigg, which they would not doe untill a man run with a gun, as if he intended to Shute them when they landed, and Colter (Colter, John) got his gig & basket    I then ordered those fellows off, and they verry readily Cleared out    they are of the War-ci-a-cum (Wahkiakum Indians) N. Colter (Colter, John) informed us that "it was but a Short distance from where we lay around the point to a butifull Sand beech, which continud for a long ways, that he had found a good harber in the mouth of a creek near 2 Indian Lodges—that he had proceeded in the Canoe as far as he could for the waves, the other two men Willard (Willard, Alexander) & Shannon (Shannon, George) had proceeded on down["] Capt Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) concluded to proceed on by land & find if possible the white people the Indians Say is below and examine if a Bay is Situated near the mouth of this river as laid down by Vancouver (Vancouver, George) in which we expect, if there is white traders to find them &c.   
  • November 14, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
March 25, 1806 - Clark, William
  • Clark Tuesday 25th of March 1806 Last night and this morning are cool wend hard a head and tide going out, after an early brackfast we proceeded on about 4 miles and came too on the south side to worm and dry our Selves a little. Soon after we had landed two Indians Came from a War kia cum (Wahkiakum Indians) village on the opposite Side with 2 dogs and a fiew Wappato to Sell neither of which we bought. Som Clatsops (Clatsop Indians) passed down in a Canoe loaded with fish and Wappato.    as the wind was hard a head and tide against us we Concluded to delay untill the return of the tide which we expected at 1 oClock, at which hour we Set out    met two Canoes of Clatsops (Clatsop Indians) loaded with dried anchovies and Sturgion which they had taken and purchased above    we crossed over to an Island on which was a Cath lahmah (Cathlamet Indians) fishing Camp of one Lodge; here we found 〈one〉 3 man two woman and a couple of boys who must have for Some time for the purpose of taking Sturgeon which they do by trolling.   
  • here we found another party of Cathlahmahs (Cathlamet Indians) about 10 in number, who had established a temporary residence for the purpose of fishing and takeing Seal.   
  • March 25, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
July 27, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Lewis July 27th 1806 Sunday. This morning at day light the indians got up and crouded around the fire, J. Fields (Field, Joseph) who was on post had carelessly laid his gun down behid him near where his brother was sleeping, one of the indians the fellow to whom I had given the medal last evening sliped behind him and took his gun and that of his brothers unperceived by him, at the same instant two others advanced and seized the guns of Drewyer (Drouillard, George) and myself, J. Fields (Field, Joseph) seing this turned about to look for his gun and saw the fellow just runing off with her and his brothers he called to his brother who instantly jumped up and pursued the indian with him whom they overtook at the distance of 50 or 60 paces from the camp sized their guns and rested them from him and R Fields (Field, Reubin) as he seized his gun stabed the indian to the heart with his knife    the fellow ran about 15 steps and fell dead; of this I did not know untill afterwards, having recovered their guns they ran back instantly to the camp; Drewyer (Drouillard, George) who was awake saw the indian take hold of his gun and instantly jumped up and sized her and rested her from him but the indian still retained his pouch, his jumping up and crying damn you let go my gun awakened me    I jumped up and asked what was the matter which I quickly learned when I saw drewyer (Drouillard, George) in a scuffle with the indian for his gun.
  • There is some doubt as to whether this man died of his wound or not, since the fragmentary evidence conflicts on whether one or two Piegan (Blackfeet Indians, Piegan) lost their lives. Apparently there is no doubt that the man stabbed by Reubin Field (Field, Reubin) died.
  • July 27, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
Images from the Library of Congress
  • Young Indian Young Indian (Quinault), head-and-shoulders portrait, facing front, wearing shell ornaments.
  • N.D.
  • Images
April 6, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Cushook Indians
  • Ne-mal-quin-ner Indians
  • According to Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) here, they were a branch of the Cushooks (Cushook Indians) (see April 2, 1806). They are listed among the Wapato Indians (Wapato Indians) in the Estimate of Western Indians, separate from the Cushooks (Cushook Indians) .
  • April 6, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
Images from the Gallery of the Open Frontier
  • Assinniboine Indians Assinniboine Indians. Collection: Records of the Office of the Chief Signal Officer—Signal Corps Photographs of American Military Activity NARA-NWDNS
  • N.D.
  • Images
Images from the Library of Congress
  • Wasco Indian Half-length portrait of Indian with decorated face, feather and bead ornaments, seated, facing right, The Dalles, Oregon.
  • N.D.
  • Images
June 12, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • We set out early, and proceeded until five o'clock in the afternoon, when we met five periogues loaded with fur and peltry from the Sioux (Sioux Indians) nation of Indians. We remained with the people to whom these periogues belonged all night and got from them an old Frenchman (Dorion, Pierre, Sr.) , who could speak the language of the different nations of Indians up the Missouri (Missouri River) , and who agreed to go with us as an interpreter.
  • June 12, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
October 30, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clark 30th of October Tuesday 1804    many Indian Chief visit us to day    I went in th Perogou to the Island 7 miles above to look out a proper place for to winter, it being near the tim the ice begins to run at this place, and the Countrey after a few leagues high is Said to be barron of timber, I found no place Soutable, & we concluded to drop down to th next point below & build a fort to winter in    the Party Danced which Delited the 〈Savages〉 Indians. Probably the island which is prominent above the last Hidatsa (Hidatsa Indians) village on Atlas map 29, surrounded by a sandbar. It appears later to have joined the McLean County (McLean County, N.
  • October 30, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
December 10, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • the weather Gits colder verry fast So that the Sentinel had to be relieved every hour.    one of the Mandan (Mandan Indians) Indians who had been wounded by the Souix (Sioux Indians) came to our officers to be cured.
  • December 10, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
March 23, 1805 - Clark, William
  • McKinsey (McKenzie, Charles) and the Chiefs & men of the Minetarras (Hidatsa Indians) leave us—    Soon after we were visited by a Brother of the Burnia (Le Borgne (One Eye)) [NB: of the Borgne (Le Borgne (One Eye)) , 〈gro〉 or one eyed chief (Le Borgne (One Eye)) of the Minitarees (Hidatsa Indians) ] who gave us a Vocabulary of his Language—    the Coal (Coal, The (Sho-ta-harro-ra)) & many other Mandans (Mandan Indians) also visit us to Day.   
  • March 23, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
September 10, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • towards evening the hunters returned    had killed 4 Deer a faun and Several ducks and geese.    one of the hunters Saw three Indians on horse back    they appeared afraid of him    Signed to him to lay down his gun    he layed it down    they then came to him [in] a friendly manner.   
  • they belong to the flat head nation (Flathead Indians)    they Signed to us that they lay all day in hearing of our guns but was afraid to come to us.    they Sign to us also that 2 of the Snake (Shoshone Indians) Nation had Stole 2 of their horses, and they were in pursuit of them—
  • September 10, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John

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