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Lewis & Clark Expedition

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July 14, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Louis (Saint Louis, Mo.) Traded with the Otteaus (Oto Indians) & Panies (Pawnee Indians) two years. I went on Shore to Shoot Some Elk on a Sand bar to the L.
  • S. a (2) large Creek coms into the river Called by the Maha's (Omaha Indians) [NB: Mahar (Omaha Indians) ] Indians Neesh-nah-ba-to-na (Nishnabotna (Neesh-nah-ba-to-na and similar spellings) River) 50 yds [NB: Neĕsh-năh bă tē na]    this is a considerable Creek nearly as large as the Mine River (Lamine (Mine) River) , and runs parrelel with the Missouri, the Greater part of its Course.
  • psd. a Creek (2)   9   According to Thomas Say, "nish-na-bot-ona (Nishnabotna (Neesh-nah-ba-to-na and similar spellings) River) " (today's Nishnabotna (Nishnabotna (Neesh-nah-ba-to-na and similar spellings) River) ) is an Oto (Oto Indians) Indian name signifying "canoe making river." Evidently its mouth in 1804 was many miles farther down the Missouri River (Missouri River) than at present.
  • July 14, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
Fort Mandan Miscellany - Unknown
  • on, they would enter country for which they had only Indian information and the conjectural maps based on that information and on geographical speculation.
  • One such item is an extensive separate document by Clark (Clark, William) listing and describing Indian tribes east of the Rockies (Rocky Mountains) , his "Estimate of Eastern Indians."
  • Dak.)) , while part 6 is lists of Indian presents and "necessary stores" for the expedition from Codex C.
  • Winter 1804-1805
  • Journals
  • Unknown
May 29, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • M. we passed a handsom bottom on the N. S. where about 100 lodges of Indians had lately been camped.    we Suspect it was a nation called the blackfoot Indians (Blackfeet Indians) which live back from the River, to the Northward.   
  • M we passed a handsome bottom of land, lying on the South side of the River where stood about 100 lodges of Indians that had lately been encamped there; we expected it had been a nation of Indians called the Black foot (Blackfeet Indians) Tribe, who reside back from the River, to the Northward, we landed and got some of their dog poles, for setting poles for our Crafts, We proceeded on and passed over some hard Riffles, which were so rapid, that it caused the Waves to run high, for some distance below, and passed several Creeks lying on both sides of the River, About 1 o'Clock P. M. we passed a high Clift of Rocks, lying on the North side of the River, where the Natives had lately drove a Gang of Buffalo, off, from the plains, Those Buffalo fell so far & the Uneveness of the Stones below; that it had killed a number of them, they had taken what Meat they wanted, and we saw Gangs of Wolves, & Bears, feasting on the remainder, The Indians had piled a large number of the Bones of the Buffalo & upwards 400 Horns, the putrified Meat caused a horred Stench, Captain Clarke (Clark, William) killed a Wolf, with a Spear near that plece; We saw several brown bear on the Mountains on the South side of the River, About 3 o'Clock we passed the Mouth of a large Creek, or rather a small River, lying on the South side, We halted a little above at a handsome bottom of Timber, lying on the North side of the River, where it began to Rain & the Wind rose, & blew hard from the North West, At this place we took up our Encampment for the Night.— Some of our hunters went out into the plains, but soon returned to us, and mentioned that it snowed, & hailed on the Hills back from the River; our Officers gave each of the party a dram of Ardent Spirit, One of those hunters killed an Elk, which was brought to our Camp, In the Evening we had rain, We had come this day 18 Miles through the Mountains, and a desert Country, We saw a number of Geese in the River this day, and One was shot by one of our party— The party had two blunderbusses, which were heavy, swivel-mounted shoulder arms, generally used to fire buckshot for defense.
  • May 29, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
August 27, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • others call them real Salmon, but they are not So red as the large Salmon.    the Indian women are mostly employed gethering a kind of Small black Seed not So large as buck wheat, which they dry and pound or rub between 2 Stone and make a Sort of meal of it    they also dry cherries and Servis berryes & roots &c &c. for food.   
  • the country in general is barron broken and mountainious.    an Indian came in with a horse load of Deer meat, which our hunters killd    our hunters all returned towards evening had killed 4 Deer & 8 or 10 fine Salmon which they had killed with a wooden gig.   
  • We hoisted our large flag, and Captain Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) gave the head Chief a flag, & one other flag each to 2 of their Chiefs, & they had them all hoisted 〈their flags〉 in a level near to their lodges.— Captain Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) rewarded the Indian Women for bringing our baggage & the Indian Men for the hire of their Horses, packed with our baggage across the mountains, he then began to trade with the Natives for horses, which they had brought to trade with us.   
  • August 27, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
November 26, 1805 - Clark, William
  • E, we Set out and proceeded on up on the North Side of this great river to a rock in the river from thence we Crossed to the lower point of an [blank] Island    passed between 2 Islands to the main Shore, and proceeded down the South Side, passed 2 Inlets & halted below the 2d at a Indian village of 9 large houses—    those Indians live on an emenence behind a Island or a Channel of the river not more than 300 yds wide, they live on fish & Elk and Wapto roots, of which we bought a few at a high price    they Call them Selves Cat-tar-bets (Cathlamet Indians)    description We proceeded on about 8 miles and Encamped in a deep bend to the South, we had not been Encamped long ere 3 Indians Came in a Canoe to trade the Wapto roots—    we had rain all the day    all wet and disagreeable    a bad place to Camp all around this great bend is high land thickly timbered brushey & almost impossible to penetrate    we Saw on an Island below the village a place of deposit for the dead in Canoes— Great numbers of Swan Geese Brant Ducks & Gulls in this great bend which is Crouded with low Islands covered with weeds grass &c. and overflowed every flood tide    The people of the last village is—[blank] they ask emence prices for what they have to Sel    Blue Beeds is their great trade    they are fond of Clothes or blankits of Blue red or brown We are now decending to see if a favourable place should offer on the So Side to winter &c.
  • Atlas maps 82, 89. For the Cathlamets (Cathlamet Indians) see above, November 11, 1805. The village of "9 large houses" is shown on Atlas maps 82, 92; it was named Hlilusqahih and was located at the present town of Knappa (Knappa, Oreg.) , Clatsop County (Clatsop County, Oreg.) . Archaeological excavations at this site uncovered house remains and artifacts relating to the Cathlamet (Cathlamet Indians) occupation in the early historic period. Curtis, 8:182; Minor (ASCR).
  • November 26, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
June 27, 1804 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • we then form'd a temporary breast work with pickets, in order to defend ourselves against the Indians, fearing that they might make an attack on us in the Night.    The Captains were inform'd by one of the Canadians who were with us, and who had traded up that River, that 300 Warriors lives at a Village up the said River, about 50 Leagues; The head of this River lies Southwest, this information we received from the same person, The Captains took an Observation and found the Mouth of said River to lye in Latitude 38° 31' 13 North.— This sentence is intended to explain that the Kaw, or Kansa, Indians (Kansa Indians) took their name from the river, although the reverse is probably the case.
  • June 27, 1804
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
August 11, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • S. Where we See a Grave where an Indian chief was buried 4 years ago called the Black bird (Blackbird) of the Mahar (Omaha Indians) Nation.   
  • S. in a bend of the River, Blackbird (Blackbird) , chief of the Omahas (Omaha Indians) , was buried on Blackbird Hill (Blackbird Hill) , Thurston County (Thurston County, Nebr.) , Nebraska (Nebraska) .
  • August 11, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
October 11, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clark (Clark, William) (Ricares (Arikara Indians) ) October the 11th Thursday 1804    we met in Council to hear what the Grand Chief Ka kaw issassa (Lighting Crow (Kakawissassa)) had to Say in answer to the Speech of yesterday The Grand Chief rose and spoke as follows i, e',— My Fathers—!   
  • when you return if I am living you will See me again the same man The Indian in the prarie know me and listen to my words, when you [come] they will meet to See you.
  • Finished This material is on a loose sheet in the Voorhis Collection, Missouri Historical Society. See Indian Speeches, Appendix C.
  • October 11, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
January 13, 1805 - Gass, Patrick
  • In the evening one of our interpreters and another Frenchman who had gone with him to the Assiniboins (Assiniboine Indians) for fur returned. They had their faces so badly frost bitten that the skin came off, and their guide was so badly froze that they were obliged to leave him with the Assiniboins (Assiniboine Indians) .
  • Dak.)) ; but it is not improbable that there may be a mountain, connected with them, which runs a considerable distance eastward along the great dividing ridge; and on some maps a mountain is laid down running east and west, south of the Assiniboin river (Assiniboine River) and lake, which would appear to be not more than 90 or 100 miles from the Mandan (Mandan Indians) villages." McKeehan (McKeehan, David) may have misread Gass's (Gass, Patrick) original journal.
  • January 13, 1805
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
August 18, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark August 18th Sunday 1805 Purchased of the Indians three horses for which we gave a Chiefs Coat Some Handkerchiefs a Shirt Legins & a fiew arrow points &c.
  • at 10 oClock I Set out accompanied by the Indians except 3 the interpreter (Charbonneau, Toussaint) and wife (Sacagawea) , the fore part of the day worm, at 12 oClock it became hasey with a mist of rain wind hard from the S.
  • We proceeded on thro' a wide leavel vallie without wood except willows & Srubs for 15 miles and Encamped at a place the high lands approach within 200 yards in 2 points    the River here only 10 yards wide Several Small Streams branching out on each Side below.    all the Indians proceeded on except the 3 Chiefs & two young men.    my hunters killed two Deer which we eate.
  • August 18, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 23, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Side with much dificuelty, description on another Paper one Canoe got loose & cought by the Indians which we were obliged to pay.    our old Chiefs over herd the Indians from below Say they would try to kill us & informed us of it, we have all the arm examined and put in order, all th Inds leave us early, Great numbers of flees on the Lard Side—    Shot a Sea Oter which I did not get, Great Numbers about those rapids    we purchased 8 dogs, Small & fat for our party to eate, the Indians not verry fond of Selling their good fish, compells us to make use of dogs for food    Exchanged our Small canoe for a large & a very new one built for riding the waves    obsd Merdn. altd. 66° 27' 30" Latd. prodsd. 45° 42' 57 3/10" North Possibly a reference to the entry in Codex H for this day.
  • October 23, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 29, 1805 - Gass, Patrick
  • At breakfast time we stopt at a small village of the natives and purchased some more dogs: then proceeded on; passed a number more Indian camps, and a high mountainous country on both sides. In the evening we discovered a high mountain to the south, not more than five miles off, covered with snow.
  • Another village of Chiluckittequaws (Wishram-Wasco Indians) , Klickitat County (Klickitat County, Wash.) , Washington (Washington) , above Lyle (Lyle, Wash.) .
  • The captains called it Timm (Mount Hood (Timm, Falls Mountain)) , or Falls Mountain (Mount Hood (Timm, Falls Mountain)) , following the Indians. See Gass's (Gass, Patrick) entry of November 3.
  • October 29, 1805
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
November 8, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • we halted in the Shallow bay (Grays (Shallow) Bay) at some old Indian Camps to dine.    the Swan and geese are verry pleanty in this bay. Some of the party killed Several ducks &C.    we then proceeded on    an Indian Canoe and Several Indians in met us    we bought Several fresh fish from them.   
  • November 8, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
November 29, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark November 29th Friday 1805 Blew hard and rained the greater part of the last night and this morning, Capt Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and 5 men Set out in our Small Indian canoe (which is made in the Indian fashion Calculated ride the waves) down the South Side of the river to the place the Indians informed us by Signs that numbers of Elk were to be found near the river—    The Swells and waves being too high for us to proceed down in our large Canoes, in Safty— I Sent out two hunters to hunt deer, & one to hunt fowl, all the others employed in drying their leather and prepareing it for use, as but fiew of them have many other Clothes to boste of at this time, we are Smoked verry much in this Camp    The Shore on the Side next the Sea is Covered with butifull pebble of various Colours—    our diat at this time and for Severall days past is the dried pounded fish we purchased at the falls boiled in a little Salt water—.
  • November 29, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
December 23, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark Monday 23rd December 1805 Rained without intermition all the last night and to day with Thunder and Hail the fore and after part of this day    Capt Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and my Self move into our hut to day unfinished—    two Canoes with Indians of the Clât Sop (Clatsop Indians) nation Came up to day. I purcahsed 3 mats and bags all neetly made of flags and rushes, those bags are nearly Square of different size's open on one Side, I also purchasd a panthor Skin 7½ feet long including the tail, all of which I gave 6 Small fish hooks, a Small worn out file & Some pounded fish which we Could not use as it was So long wet that it was Soft and molded, the Indians of this neighbourhood prize the pound'd fish verry highly, I have not observed this method of Secureing fish on any other part of the Columbian (Columbia River) waters then that about the Great falls (Columbia River, Great Falls of the) .   
  • December 23, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
Part 3: Miscellany - Clark, William
  • Clark (Clark, William) Ca-la-mox (Tillamook Indians) Chief is O co no (O-co-no)   Call a black rute She-ne-tock-we    a black berry Shel-will    a Liquorice root Cul-wha-mo    whale E-cu-lah    red berrys grow just over ground Sol-me    Buzzard E-pe-ea 3316       3240       46—48 2668 2947 34 648 293 14     62 100 100 128 548 193 84     | 967     16 From Flat head (Flathead Indians) at the Mouth Travelers rest (Lolo (Travelers' Rest) Creek (Mont.)) to Deerborn River (Dearborn River) at Missouri (Missouri River) Save 548 100 by land Miles—of 648 From Flat head (Flathead Indians) Village to Wisdom river (Big Hole (Sensable, Wisdom) River) Save 193 Miles, 170 by land 3316       3244 3096 3090 220 144 200 36 400 180 This material is found on the back cover of the draft field book and relates to linguistic information of ethnobotany and ethnozoology, and mileage calculations for the return trip.
  • Winter 1805-1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
February 2, 1806 - Clark, William
  • The games of amusements of the natives of this neighbourhood are Several, one of which is verry similar to one which the Sosone's (Shoshone Indians) & Minatare's (Hidatsa Indians) are verry fond of and frequently play.   
  • The amusements of the boys of all nations which I am acquainted with are generally the Bows and arrows. All nations of Indians with which I am acquainted are excessive fond of their games of risk, and bet away Species of property of which they are possessed.
  • February 2, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
March 30, 1806 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • The River still continuing rising, and is so high, that the tide has no Effect, as high up the River as where we now are.    A number of the Indians accompanied us in their small Canoes.    We saw a considerable quantity of drift wood floating down the River.    We passed two large Indian Villages which were on a large island.    This island was very long and is called Waptoe island (Sauvie (Wapato) Island) , it is about 25 Miles long, & is partly Wood land & the remainder Priari land, & is very rich Soil.    A number of the Indians who resided on this Island, came out in their Canoes to see us.   
  • March 30, 1806
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
March 25, 1806 - Gass, Patrick
  • When the tide began to rise we went on again, saw some of the natives in canoes descending the river, and in the afternoon passed an Indian lodge, where one of the men purchased an otter skin.— At this time the wind rose and blew very hard accompanied with rain; notwithstanding we proceeded on till night, when we came to the mouth of a small creek, which formed a good harbour for our canoes.
  • Clatsops (Clatsop County, Oreg.) , say the captains. A Cathlamet (Cathlamet Indians) lodge on Puget Island (Puget (Sea Otter, Sturgeon) Island) , Wahkiakum County (Wahkiakum County, Wash.) , Washington (Washington) . In Columbia County (Columbia County, Oreg.) , Oregon (Oregon) , below one of the mouths of the Clatskanie River (Clatskanie River) , opposite Cape Horn (Cape Horn) on the Washington (Washington) shore; see the captains' entries for the day. Cathlamets (Cathlamet Indians) .
  • March 25, 1806
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
May 9, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • the chief Sent for our horses & pack Saddles    one of our men went for the ammunition we left at canoe Camp    a band of Indians came from another village to See us.    towards evening Willard (Willard, Alexander) returnd. with the ammunition and the pack Saddles    the Indians brought up the most of our horses.
  • A word not used by Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) or Clark (Clark, William) ; it is probably the plant cous and perhaps a Nez Perce (Nez Perce Indians) term. See also the term "uppah" at May 29.
  • May 9, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
July 31, 1804 - Floyd, Charles
  • Floyd Tuesday July 31th 1804    we Lay By for to See the Indianes who we expect Hear to See 〈us〉 the Captains. I am verry Sick and Has ben for Somtime but have Recoverd my helth again    The Indianes have not Come yet    this place is Called Council Bluff (Council Bluff (Nebr.))    2 men went out on the 30th of July and Lost ouer horses
  • July 31, 1804
  • Journals
  • Floyd, Charles
July 25, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • Drewyer (Drouillard, George) & peter Returned from the Zottoes (Oto Indians) village    found no Indians    it is Supposed by the Signs they Saw that they were all out in the praries hunting buffelow.
  • July 25, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
November 19, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Monday    a Cold day    the ice Continue to 〈sine〉 run    our Perogue of Hunters arrive with 32 Deer, 12 Elk & a Buffalow, all of this meat we had hung up in a Smoke house, a timeley supply—    Several Indians here all day—    the wind bley hard from the N. W. by W.    our men move into their huts, Several little Indian aneckdts.
  • November 19, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 2, 1805 - Gass, Patrick
  • Gass Wednesday 2nd.    Two men were sent to the Indian village to purchase some provisions, as our hunters do not kill enough for us to subsist on. And least the Indian provisions should not agree with us, we killed one of our horses.
  • October 2, 1805
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
March 23, 1806 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • We have been 60 Miles from Cape disappointment (Cape Disappointment) (Where the Chin-ook (Chinook Indians) Indian village lays) which is on the No. side of the River & or its entrance into the Ocean to the No.
  • We proceeded on up the South side of the Columbia River (Columbia River) , when we were met by a party of the Chin-ook (Chinook Indians) tribe of Indians, who belong to the Flatt head (Flathead Indians) nation.    These Indians were in Canoes, & were on their way to Fort Clatsop (Fort Clatsop (Oreg.))
  • March 23, 1806
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
March 31, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • when we Landed on the N. side opposite one large wooden house of the Shâh-ha-la (Watlala Indians) nation and took breakfast.    when we decended the river in November last there were 24 other lodges formed of Straw and covered with bark near this house; these lodges are now distroyed and the inhabitants as the indians inform us have returned to the great rapids (Columbia River, Cascades (Great Rapids, Great Shute)) of this river which is their permanent residence; the house which remains is inhabited; soon after we landed two canoes came over from this house with 4 men and a woman.   
  • these people speak a different language from those below tho' in their dress habits manners &c they differ but little from the quathlahpohtles (Cathlapotle Indians) .    their women wear the truss as those do of all the nations residing from the quathlahpohtles (Cathlapotle Indians) to the entrance of Lewis's river (Lewis (Cahwahnakiooks) River) .   
  • On this portion of the Columbia (Columbia River) the inhabitants were of the Upper Chinook division of the Chinookan linguistic family, living below The Dalles (Columbia River, The Dalles of the (Great Narrows)) . The Lower Chinooks (Chinook Indians) , consisting of Chinooks (Chinook Indians) and Clatsops (Clatsop Indians) , lived near the mouth of the river.
  • March 31, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
May 14, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • here we are in the vicinity of the best hunting grounds from indian information, are convenient to the salmon which we expect daily and have an excellent pasture for our horses.   
  • we have found our stone horses so troublesome that we indeavoured to exchange them with the Chopunnish (Nez Perce Indians) for mears or gelings but they will not exchange altho' we offer 2 for one; we came to a resolution to castrate them and began the operation this evening    one of the indians present offered his services on this occasion.   
  • Cutright (LCPN), 297. The Nez Perces (Nez Perce Indians) were one of the very few North American Indian tribes to practice selective breeding of horses by castrating stallions.
  • May 14, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
Lewis & Clark among the Indians 9. The Way Home
  • Lewis & Clark among the Indians 9. The Way Home
  • Lewis & Clark among the Indians
  • Lewis and Clark knew from their westward journey that Indians at The Dalles might prove difficult. When last at the Narrows, the expedition had attracted relatively few curious Indians.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
October 9, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Settled in the late 18th century, they were occupied by the Arikaras (Arikara Indians) at various times and finally abandoned in 1832. The single village opposite was long ago destroyed by channel migration of the river and no remains were ever discovered.
  • Toone (Toone) was the chief who accompanied the expedition to the Mandans (Mandan Indians) and Hidatsas (Hidatsa Indians) to make peace and seek an alliance against the Sioux (Sioux Indians) .
  • in 1806, to the detriment of United States–Arikara (Arikara Indians) relations. Jefferson (Jefferson, Thomas) , in writing condolences to the tribe on the man's death, was uncertain which of the above names was the correct one, finally settling on "Arketarnawhar (Toone) chief of the town" after writing and crossing out "Piaketa" and "Toone (Toone) " with their English versions.
  • October 9, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 1, 1804 - Floyd, Charles
  • Floyd Wendesday august 1th 1804    Lay by all this day expecting the Indianes every ouer    Sent George Draugher (Drouillard, George) out to Hunt ouer Horses    Sent one man Down the River to whare we eat Diner on the 28th of July to See if aney Indianes 〈were〉 Had been thare    He Returnd and Saw no Sigen of them Gibson (Gibson, George) , according to Whitehouse (Whitehouse, Joseph) .
  • August 1, 1804
  • Journals
  • Floyd, Charles
November 8, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Thursday 1804 a Cloudy morning    Jussome (Jusseaume, René) our [NB: Mandan (Mandan Indians) ] interpreter went to the Village, on his return he informed us that three English men had arrived from the Hudsons Bay Company, and would be here tomorrow, we Contd. to build our huts, many Indians Come to See us and bring their horses to Grass near us See below, November 19, 1804.
  • November 8, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
February 27, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark 27th of February Wednesday 1805 a fine day, prepareing the Tools to make perogues all day—    a feiw Indians visit us to day, one the largest Indian I ever Saw, & as large a man as ever I Saw, I commence a Map of the Countrey on the Missouries (Missouri River) & its waters &c.
  • February 27, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 6, 1805 - Gass, Patrick
  • This morning we heard that some of the Rickarees (Arikara Indians) had come up to the mandan villages. Our interpreter and some of the men were sent over to ascertain the truth of the report; and we were detained all day waiting their return.
  • The captains wanted to know if any Arikara (Arikara Indians) chiefs were ready to go to Washington (Washington D.C.) .
  • April 6, 1805
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
August 13, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • M. we arived at our old neighbours the Grousevauntaus (Hidatsa Indians) and Mandans (Mandan Indians)    we Saluted them by fireing our Swivvel our blunderbuss Several times.—〉 verry well    a fair breeze from the N.
  • August 13, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
Weather, November 1804 - Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
  • Cheif of the little Vilage grosventres (Hidatsa Indians) . 26th wind bleue verry hard, visited the upper camp of the big bellies (Hidatsa Indians) and returned to the lower camp where I had slept the preceeding night— 27th much drift ice running in the river—    returned to (camp) the fort in company with two chiefs and a warrior 28th the Indians left us late in the evening on their return 29th the snow fell 8 inches deep—    it drifted in heeps in the open growns—    visited by Mr. La Rock (Larocque, François-Antoine) , a trader.— 30th the indians pass over the river on the ice—    Capt Clark (Clark, William) visits the Mandan (Mandan Indians) es with a party of men.
  • Clark (Clark, William) notes that Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) set out, and has "Big Bellies (Hidatsa Indians) " instead of "grosventres (Hidatsa Indians) ." From here Clark (Clark, William) has "& passed a Second night," apparently writing in the first person although he is clearly describing Lewis's (Lewis, Meriwether) activities.
  • November 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
August 26, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • I directed a pint of corn to be given each Indian who was engaged in transporting our baggage and about the same quantity to each of the men which they parched pounded and made into supe.   
  • I have been several times informed by those who were conversent with the fact, that the indian women who are pregnant by whitemen experience more difficulty in childbirth than when pregnant by an Indian.   
  • he observed that the Minnetares (Hidatsa Indians) had stolen a great number of their horses this spring but hoped his people would spear me the number I wished.
  • August 26, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
May 4, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • these indians recommended our passing the river at this place and ascending the Kooskooske (Clearwater (Flathead, Kooskooskee) River) on the N.
  • we determined to take the advice of the indians and immediately prepared to pass the river which with the assistance of three indian canoes we effected in the course of the evening, purchased a little wood and some bread of cows [NB: a root] from the natives and encamped having traveled 15 Ms. only today.
  • Tetoharsky, a chief of the Nez Perces (Nez Perce Indians) , whom they met in October 1805 but did not name until now. See October 7, 1805.
  • May 4, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
July 3, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • they alledged that as the road was a well beaten track we could not now miss our way and as they were affraid of meeting with their enimies the Minnetares (Hidatsa Indians) they could not think of continuing with us any longer, that they wished now to proceed down Clark's river (Clark Fork (Clark's, East Fork Clark's, Flathead) River) in surch of their friends the Shalees (Flathead Indians) .   
  • Gustavus Sohon's depiction of Flatheads (Flathead Indians) using this method in the 1850s appears in Fahey, following p. 46.
  • Rattlesnake Creek (Rattlesnake Creek (Missoula County, Mont.)) , Missoula County (Missoula County, Mont.) . A Salish (Flathead) (Flathead Indians) scout.
  • July 3, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
October 25, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark October 25th Friday 1805 a cool morning    Capt Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and my Self walked down to See the place the Indians pointed out as the worst place in passing through the gut, which we found difficuelt of passing without great danger, but as the portage was impractiable with our large Canoes, we Concluded to Make a portage of our most valuable articles and run the canoes thro    accordingly on our return divided the party Some to take over the Canoes, and others to take our Stores across a portage of a mile to a place on the Chanel below this bad whorl & Suck, with Some others I had fixed on the Chanel with roapes to throw out to any who Should unfortunately meet with difficuelty in passing through; great number of Indians viewing us from the high rocks under which we had to pass, the 3 first Canoes passed thro very well, the 4th nearly filled with water, the last passed through by takeing in a little water, 〈we〉 thus Safely below what I conceved to be the worst part of this Chanel, felt my Self extreamly gratified and pleased.   
  • he gave us Some meat of which he had but little and informed us he in his rout met with a war party of Snake Indians (Paiute Indians) from the great river of the S. E. which falls in a few miles above and had a fight.   
  • Presumably from the "Echelute (Wishram-Wasco Indians) ," or Wishram (Wishram-Wasco Indians) village above the Long Narrows (Columbia River, The Dalles of the (Great Narrows)) , but perhaps from the "Eneeshurs (Tenino Indians) " above Celilo Falls (Celilo (Great) Falls) .
  • October 25, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
June 20, 1806 - Clark, William
  • the tallons of this bear was remarkably Short broad at their base and Sharply pointed, this was of the Species the Chopunnish (Nez Perce Indians) call Yahkar.    as it was in very low order the flesh was indifferent.
  • in which Case we would bring back our baggage and attempt a passage over the Mountains through the Country of the Shoshones (Shoshone Indians) further to the South, by way of the main S Westerly fork of Lewis's river (Jefferson River (North, Southwest Fork)) and Madisons (Madison River (Middle Fork)) or Gallitins (Gallatin (South, Southeast Fork) River) river's, where from the information of the Chopunnish (Nez Perce Indians) , there is a passage where at this season of the year is not obstructed by snow, though the round is very distant and would require at least a month in it's preformance.
  • from the Circumstance of the Chopunnish (Nez Perce Indians) being at war with that part of the Shoshones (Shoshone Indians) who inhabit the Country on this side of the Mountains through which the road passes, I think it is highly probable they cannot be well informed with respect to the road, and further, had there been a better road in that quarter the Shoshones (Shoshone Indians) on the East fork of Lewis's river (Snake (Ki-moo-e-nim, Lewis's, Southeast Branch of Columbia) River) who knew them boath would not have recommend'd that by which we came to this country.
  • June 20, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
September 22, 1804 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • passed a creek & Isl. of the 3 Sisters (Dorion Island No. 1 (Three Sisters Island))    proceeded on    passed an old Indian Camp where we found Some of their dog poles, they answer us for Setting poles.   
  • The one appartment being occupied as a common Hall, one as a Store for trading with the Indians, one as a lodging Room, and the other for Cooking in &ca. by Monsieur Louselle (Loisel, Régis) at the time he resided there.—    The situation of this Fort 〈is〉 was a handsome one it commanding a 〈handsome〉 most delightful View of the River & the land lying on both sides of it for a considerable distance and had some beautiful Groves of Cedar, and other Trees on it    The Island is 1½ Miles in length and the soil very rich.—    The two Hunters that were out joined us here, having the horse with them.—    the Horse was loaded with several carcases deer they had killed 〈and the White〉 and a White Wolf (White Wolf) Skin the wolf 〈skin also which〉 one of them Shot.—    We proceeded on, and passed a Creek, and another of the Sister Islands; and also passed an Indian camp where some, of 〈the〉 Our Men landed, they found some poles, which the Indians call dog poles, These poles the Indians tie to their dogs & they hawl their baggage on them, from one Camp to another as they Remove.—    We brought too, and took the Men & poles on board, (they answering us for setting poles for the boat).
  • September 22, 1804
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
May 2, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Joseph Fields (Field, Joseph) one of the hunters who was out today found several yards of scarlet cloth which had been suspended on the bough of a tree near an old indian hunting cam[p], where it had been left as a sacrefice to the deity by the indians, probably by the Assinniboin (Assiniboine Indians) nation, it being a custom with them as well as all the nations inhabiting the waters of the Missouri (Missouri River) so far as they are known to us, to offer or sacrefice in this manner to the deity watever they may be possessed off which they think most acceptable to him, and very honestly making their own feelings the test of those of the deity offer him the article which they most prize themselves.   
  • to a point of low timber on the Lard side, a little above which on the Stard. side we encamped, having passed some 〈extensive〉 wider fertile bottoms and beatifull high level plains 2       4 ½ every thing which is incomprehensible to the indians they call big medicine, and is the opperation of the presnts and power of the great sperit.    this morning one of the men shot the indian dog that had followed us for several days, he would steal their cooked provision.
  • May 2, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
April 15, 1806 - Clark, William
  • Wishram-Wasco Indians
  • we precured two dogs and departed    we also halted at the two villages of the Chil luck kitequaws (Wishram-Wasco Indians) a fiew Ms. above with no better Sucksess.    at 3 in the evening we arivied at the enterance of Quinnett Creek (Mill (Que-nett) Creek (Oreg.))
  • Many of them were Shirts of the Same form of those of the Chopunnish (Nez Perce Indians) & Shoshonees (Shoshone Indians) highly ornamented with the quils of the purcupine, as are also their mockersons & Legins.   
  • April 15, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
May 13, 1806 - Clark, William
  • Several Indians accompanied us to the river and Continued untill evening. The man who Set out early this morning to the forks of this river for a Canoe and was to meet us at this place.   
  • in common with other Indian Nations of America they extract their beard, but the men do not uniformly extract the hair below, this is more particularly confined to the females.   
  • those are formed of various skins and are in all respects like those of the Shoshone (Shoshone Indians) . Their orniments consists of beeds, Shells and peices of brass variously attached to their dress, to their ears arround theire necks wrists arms &c.   
  • May 13, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 9, 1804 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • .— Tuesday October 9th    This day we had Stormy weather, we lay by, in Order to hold a Councill with the Rick a Ree (Arikara Indians) Indians, Two frenchmen who reside among them, who came to us, and appear very friendly to us & stay'd during the night in our Camp
  • October 9, 1804
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
October 4, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • returned Back 3 miles    took the channel & proceeded on.    passed Several Indians on N. S.    at 9 oCock halted took breakfast on S. S.    an Indian Swam the River to See us.   
  • October 4, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
October 30, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • We remained here to know the answer of the Indians. The day was clear and pleasant. At 10, Captain Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) with a party of our people, and an Indian or two, went about 6 miles up the river to view an island, in order to ascertain whether or not it would suit for winter quarters.
  • October 30, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
March 20, 1805 - Clark, William
  • I with all the men which could be Speared from the Fort went to 〈Perogues〉 Canoes, there I found a number of Indians    the men carried 4 [canoes] to the River about 1½ miles thro the Bottom, I visited the Chief of the Mandans (Mandan Indians) in the Course of the Day and Smoked a pipe with himself and Several old men.   
  • March 20, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 2, 1805 - Clark, William
  • The 2d Chief of the 2d Mandan (Mandan Indians) Village took a miff at our not attending to him perticelarely after being here about ten [NB: ten] day and moved back to his village The mandans (Mandan Indians) Killed twenty one elk yesterday 15 miles below this, they were So meager that they Scercely fit for use
  • April 2, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
January 24, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • Drewyer (Drouillard, George) & Batteast Lapage (Lepage, Jean Baptiste) came to the fort.    3 Indians came with them in a canoe. Drewyer (Drouillard, George) had killed 4 Elk 2 of the other hunters killed 2 deer.    they brought the meat in the indians canoe except what they gave them for packing &C.
  • January 24, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John

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