Journals of the
Lewis & Clark Expedition

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March 26, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clark (Clark, William) Monday the 26th of March 1804, a verry Smokey day    I had Corn parched to make parched meal, workmen all at work prepareing the Boat, I visit the Indian Camps, In one Camp found 3 Squars & 3 young ones, another 1 girl & a boy    in a 3rd Simon Girtey (Girty, Simon) & two other familey—    Girtey (Girty, Simon) has the Rhumertism verry bad    those Indians visit me in their turn, & as usial ask for Something    I give them flour &c.
  • The attempts at phonetic spelling suggest that the source of information was oral, from traders or Indians. Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and Clark (Clark, William) did not visit the stream on the expedition.
  • As a Loyalist in the Revolution, he led Indian war parties against the settlements of the Ohio Valley (Ohio Valley) and apparently continued the same activity for many years after as a British Indian agent.
  • March 26, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
July 27, 1804 - Clark, William
  • S. opsd. Some mounds (Ottos (Oto Indians) Village) on the L. S.    psd Bluff L S N.
  • The "mounds" Clark (Clark, William) desecribes are on a floodplain and are shown in an area generally inhabited by the Oto Indians (Oto Indians) . Such settings were rarely used for permanent Indian villages, although winter encampments and temporary camps were sometimes built there.
  • In any event, the area today is downtown Omaha (Omaha Indians) . Wedel (PHH), 48.
  • July 27, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 7, 1804 - Clark, William
  • with order if he did not give up Peaceibly to put him to Death &c. to go to the Ottoes (Oto Indians) Village & enquire for La Liberty (La Liberté) and bring him to the Mahars (Omaha Indians) Village, also with a Speech on the occasion to the Ottoes (Oto Indians) & Missouries (Missouri Indians) —    and directing a few of their Chiefs to come to the Mahars (Omaha Indians) , & we would make a peace between them & the Mahar (Omaha Indians) and Souex (Sioux Indians) , a String of wompom & a Carrot of Tobacco.   
  • August 7, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 19, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • we passed Several Islands on which was Indian fishing Camps.    the natives all hid themselves in their flag lodges when they Saw us comming.    the Indians are numerous    the camps near each other along the Shores    the River pleasant only at the rapid which are common    we passd. over Several today but no exident hapened.   
  • We passed by several Islands, on which were Indian fishing Camps.    The Natives all hid themselves (on these Islands on seeing us,) in their Flag lodges.   
  • October 19, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
March 25, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clark Sunday 25th    a fair morning    river rose 14 Inch last night, the men find numbers of Bee Trees, & take great quantities of honey, at 11 oClock 24 Sauckees (Sauk Indians) Came pass from St Louis (Saint Louis, Mo.) , and asked for Provisions    I ordered them 75 lb Beef, 25 lb flour, & 50 lb meal—    Guterge (Goodrich, Silas) [Goodrich (Goodrich, Silas) ] returned with Eggs & [Toe?]
  • (ancore) The Sauk (Sauk Indians) (or Sac (Sauk Indians) ) and Fox (Fox Indians) Indians, so closely allied by this time that they appeared to outsiders to be virtually one tribe, lived on both sides of the Mississippi (Mississippi River) in Iowa (Iowa) , Wisconsin (Wisconsin) , and Illinois (Illinois) .
  • March 25, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 27, 1804 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • Dak.)) on the N. S.    here we Saw 3 Indians they informed us that their Camp was near & Sergt. pryor (Pryor, Nathaniel Hale) & 2 men went    we then proceeded on until dark & camped on a large Sand beach on the N.
  • Dak.)) , lying on the North side of the River.    Here we met with 3 Indians, who informed us that their Camp lay near us.    Captain Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) sent Serjeant Pryor (Pryor, Nathaniel Hale) & 2 Men to find them out & bring them to us.—    We proceeded on our way with the boat &ca till dark, and encamped on a large Sand barr, lying on the North side of the River— The Indians were Yankton (Sioux Indians, Yankton) Sioux (Sioux Indians) , the first plains nomads the party had met.
  • August 27, 1804
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
February 20, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Dak.)) 20th February Wednesday 1805 a Butifull Day, visited by the Little raven (Little Crow (Ka-goh-ha-me)) verry early this morning    I am informed of the Death of an old man whome I Saw in the Mandan (Mandan Indians) Village.    this man, informed me that he "was 120 winters old, he requested his grand Children to Dress him after Death & Set him on a Stone on a hill with his face towards his old Village or Down the river, that he might go Streight to his brother at their old village under ground["]    I observed Several Mandan (Mandan Indians) 〈of〉 verry old Chiefly men The man's wish that his spirit go downriver is apparently related to the Mandans (Mandan Indians) ' belief that the spirits of deceased persons traveled south to spirit villages at the mouth of the Heart River (Heart (Ches-che-tar and similar spellings) River) . There was also a belief that an underground village was located near the mouth of the Mississippi River (Mississippi River) from which the precursors of the Mandans (Mandan Indians) surfaced. These two ideas may become garbled in Clark's (Clark, William) rendition. The man's reference to meeting his brother may relate to the Mandans (Mandan Indians) ' idea that life after death was more or less the same as life before death.
  • February 20, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
January 24, 1806 - Clark, William
  • Clark Sunday [EC: Friday] 24th of January 1806 Drewyer (Drouillard, George) and Bapeist laPage (Lepage, Jean Baptiste) returned this morning in a large Canoe with Commowol (Coboway) and six Clatsops (Clatsop Indians) .    they brought two Deer and three Elk and one elk Skin, haveing given the flesh of one other Elk they killed and three Elk skins to the Indians as the price of their assistance in transporting the ballance of the meat to the Fort; these Deer and Elk were killed near pt. Adams and those Indians Carried them on their Backs near 4 miles, before the waves were Sufficiently low to permit their being taken on board their Canoes. The indians remain'd with us all day. The Clapsots (Clatsop Indians) witnessed Drewyers (Drouillard, George) Shooting Some of those Elk, which has given them a very exolted opinion of us as marksmen and the Superior excellency of our rifles Compared with their guns;    this may probably be of service to us, as it will deter them from any acts of hostility if they have ever meditated any such.
  • January 24, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
March 24, 1806 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • M. we embarked & proceeded on to an Indian Village of the Cath-le-mah (Cathlamet Indians) Tribe, which lay on the South side of the River.    this village consisted of about 9 Lodges & about 100 Inhabitants.—    We delayed at this village about 2 Hours, and proceeded on, & passed through a number of Islands called the Seal Islands (Karlson (Seal) Island) , which lay on the So side of the River, and came to where stood an old Indian Village which is on the So. side of the River, opposite to the lower War-ki-a Cum (Wahkiakum Indians) Village.   
  • The Canoe is raised on forks & poles some distance up from the ground, & all the property that the deceased died possessed of is put into the Canoe, with the body of the deceased Indian. Karlson (Karlson (Seal) Island) and Marsh (Marsh (Seal) Island) islands in the Columbia River (Columbia River) .
  • March 24, 1806
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
April 20, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • So we hired the Indians to hunt them.    found all except one who the man we bought him of Gambled him away with Some of an other nation & they had taken him away.    all the Indians we have Seen play a game & risque all the property they have at different games.   
  • Clark (Clark, William) discusses the game on April 18; it is another version of the Indian hand game.
  • April 20, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
November 11, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Dak.)) 11th November Sunday 1804 a Cold Day    Continued at work at the Fort    Two men Cut themselves with an ax, The large Ducks pass to the South    an Indian gave me Several roles of parched meal    two Squars of the Rock Mountain, purchased from the Indians by 〈2〉 a frenchmen [NB: Chaboneau (Charbonneau, Toussaint) ] Came down 〈and〉    The Mandans (Mandan Indians) out hunting the Buffalow—
  • November 11, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
November 16, 1803 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • we found here som Shawnees (Shawnee Indians) and Delewars (Delaware Indians) incamped; one of the Shawnees (Shawnee Indians) a respectable looking Indian offered me three beverskins for my dog (Seaman) with which he appeared much pleased, the dog was of the newfoundland breed one that I prised much for his docility and qualifications generally for my journey and of course there was no bargan, I had given 20$ for this dogg myself—    Capt Clark (Clark, William) and myself passed own [down or over] to the lowist point in view on this the W.
  • Lewis's (Lewis, Meriwether) Shawnees (Shawnee Indians) were probably part of the Absentee Shawnee (Shawnee Indians, Absentee) . The Absentee (Shawnee Indians, Absentee) group supported peace during the American Revolution and began moving in small groups to the Cape Girardeau (Cape Girardeau, Mo.)
  • November 16, 1803
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
October 24, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark October 24th 〈Sunday〉 Thursday 1805 a fine morning    the Indians approached us with caution.    our 2 old Chiefs deturmin to return home, Saying they were at war with Indians below and they would kill them    we pursuaded them to Stay 2 nights longer with us, with a view to make a peace with those Indians below as well as to have them with us dureing our Delay with this tribe.
  • The reason for the asterisk at the beginning of the next sentence is unknown. The Indians were Wishram-Wasco Chinookans (Wishram-Wasco Indians) whom Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and Clark (Clark, William) called Echelutes (Wishram-Wasco Indians) , from the term i-č-xlúit, "I am a Wishram[-Wasco] (Wishram-Wasco Indians) Indian."
  • These lodges may be near what was recorded as the Wishram (Wishram-Wasco Indians) village of wa'q!Emap. Spier & Sapir, 164. Extensive archaeological research between Horsethief Lake (Horsethief Lake) and The Dalles Dam (The Dalles Dam) has taken place since the 1920s.
  • October 24, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 25, 1806 - Clark, William
  • Pisquow Indians
  • we offered to purchase with what articles we had Such as old Clothes &c.    emence numbers of those Indians flocked about us and behaved with distant respect towards us.   
  • Clark (Clark, William) means Walla Wallas (Walula Indians) , the Walulas (Walula Indians) .
  • April 25, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 16, 1806 - Clark, William
  • The little Cherry (Cherry Grows on a Bush (Caltarcota)) old Chief of the Menetarras (Hidatsa Indians) Spoke as follows Viz: "Father we wish to go down with you to See our Great Father, but we know the nations below and are afraid of the Scioux (Sioux Indians) who will be on the river and will kill us on our return home. The Scioux (Sioux Indians) has Stolen our horses and killed 8 of our men Since you left us, and the Ricaras (Arikara Indians) have also Struck us.   
  • we at length went to war against the Scioux (Sioux Indians) and met with Ricaras (Arikara Indians) and killed two of them, they were on their way to Strike us.
  • August 16, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 10, 1805 - Clark, William
  • below the 1st river on the South Side there is ten established fishing places on the 1st fork which fall in on the South Side is one fishing place, between that and the Par nash te River (Snake River Plain) , five fishing places, above two, and one on that river all of the Cho-pun-nish (Nez Perce Indians) or Pierced Nose (Nez Perce Indians) Nation    many other Indians reside high up those rivers    The Countrey about the forks is an open Plain on either Side    I can observe at a distance on the lower Stard.
  • The captains, whether from guesswork or Indian information, considered it the same "Lewis's River (Snake (Ki-moo-e-nim, Lewis's, Southeast Branch of Columbia) River) " on which they had met the Lemhi Shoshones (Shoshone Indians, Lemhi) in August.
  • The word "Pâr-nash-te (Snake River Plain) " is apparently pannaitɨ, the Shoshone (Shoshone Indians) name for the Bannock (Bannock Indians) . Sven Liljeblad, personal communication, suggests that this ethnonym is used here to designate the Snake River plain (Snake River Plain) .
  • October 10, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 8, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • S. where we found a large Rickor Ree (Arikara Indians) village on S. S.    a nomber of the Indians assembled on the Sand bar opposite the village to See us.   
  • we Camped about one mile abo. the first Ricka Ree (Arikara Indians) village. Capt. Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) went to the village.   
  • Ashley Island (Ashley Island) , with its Arikara (Arikara Indians) Indian village. Joseph Gravelines (Gravelines, Joseph) .
  • October 8, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
October 22, 1804 - Clark, William
  • (Lewis, Meriwether) applied a hot Stone raped in flannel which gave temperry ease, we passed a War party of Tetons (Sioux Indians, Teton) on their way as we Supposed to the Mandans (Mandan Indians) of 12 men on the L.
  • S. and the upper of the 6 Villages the Mandans (Mandan Indians) occupied about 25 years ago    this village was entirely cut off by the Sioux (Sioux Indians) & one of the others nearly, the Small Pox distroyed great Numbers Course & Distanc N. 50° W. 3 m to a pt. on the S.
  • The village is today's Double Ditch (Double Ditch site) Mandan (Mandan Indians) site, now a North Dakota (North Dakota) State Historic Site.
  • October 22, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
January 1, 1805 - Clark, William
  • .—    just as I was about to return the 2d Chief and the Black man, also a Chief returnd from a mission on which they had been Sent to meet a large party 150 of Gross Ventres (Hidatsa Indians) who were on their way down from their Camps 10 Miles above to revenge on the Shoe (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) tribe an injurey which they had received by a Shoe man Steeling a Gross Venters (Hidatsa Indians) Girl, those Chiefs gave the pipe turned the party back, after Delivering up the girl, which the Shoe (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) Chief had taken and given to them for that purpose. I returned in the evening, at night the party except 6 returned, with 3 robes, an 13 Strings of Corn which the indians had given them, The Day was worm, Themtr. 34° abov 0, Some fiew Drops of rain about Sunset, at Dark it began to Snow, and Snowed the greater part of the night, (the temptr for Snow is about 0)    The Black Cat with his family visited us to day and brought a little meet These included Ordway (Ordway, John) , and probably François Rivet (Rivet, François) , who earlier had "danced on his head" for the Indians.
  • January 1, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
February 12, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Drewyer (Drouillard, George) arrived with the horses about the same time, the horses appeared much fatieged    I directed some meal brands given them moisened with a little water but to my astonishment found that they would not eat it but prefered the bark of the cotton wood which forms the principall article of food usually given them by their Indian masters in the winter season; for this purpose they cause the trees to be felled by their women and the horses feed on the boughs and bark of their tender branches.    the Indians in our neighbourhood are freequently pilfered of their horses by the Recares (Arikara Indians) , Souixs (Sioux Indians) and Assinniboins (Assiniboine Indians) and therefore make it an invariable rule to put their horses in their lodges at night.    in this situation the only food of the horse consists of a few sticks of the cottonwood from the size of a man's finger to that of his arm. The Indians are invariably severe riders, and frequently have occasion for many days together through the whole course of the day to employ their horses in pursuing the Buffaloe or transporting meat to their vilages during which time they are seldom suffered to tast food; at night the Horse returned to his stall where his food is what seems to me a scanty allowance of wood.   
  • February 12, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
August 23, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • about 4 oClock P. m. their came another party of the Snake (Shoshone Indians) Indians on horseback, about 40 in nomber.    they appear the Same as the others did.   
  • our hunter returned in the evening had killed 2 large Deer and three Small Deer and brought them all to Camp on the horse Friday August 23rd    A Clear pleasant morning, 2 of our Men were sent out a hunting, Captain Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) commenced trading with the last party of Indians for some of their horses, but they seemed not inclined to part with 〈any more of their horses〉 any of them, untill they got over the Mountains, but agreed to carry our baggage, over the Mountains, for us on them 〈for us〉.— The Indians that came last to our Camp, went out a hunting on horse back, They drove a Gang of deer in sight of our Camp, ran Some them down with their horses & killed 5 of them.   
  • M. another party of the Snake (Shoshone Indians) Indians arrived at our Camp on horse back, they 〈are〉 were about 40 in number; they appear to be much the same as those who arrived with us Yesterday—    We expect to set out tomorrow, in order to cross the mountains.   
  • August 23, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
November 20, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark Wednesday November the 20th 1805 Some rain last night    dispatched Labiech (Labiche, François) to kill Some fowl for our brackfast    he returned in about 2 hours with 8 large Ducks on which we brackfast    I proceeded on to the enterance of a Creek near a cabin    no person being at this cabin and 2 Canoes laying on the opposit Shore from us, I deturmined to have a raft made and Send a man over for a canoe, a Small raft was Soon made, and Reuben Fields (Field, Reubin) Crossed and brought over a Canoe—    This Creek which is the outlet of a number of ponds, is at this time (high tide) 300 yds wide—    I proceeded on up the Beech and was overtaken by three Indians    one of them gave me Some dried Sturgeon and a fiew wappato roots, I employd Those Indians to take up one of our Canoes which had been left by the first party that Came down, for which Service I gave them each a fishing hook of a large Size—    on my way up I met Several parties of Chinnooks (Chinook Indians) which I had not before Seen    they were on their return from our Camp.   
  • one of the Indians had on a roab made of 2 Sea Otter Skins the fur of them were more butifull than any fur I had ever Seen    both Capt.
  • in my absence the hunters had killed Several Deer and fowl of different kinds— Very likely the same as Shelathwell (Shelathwell) , prominent among the Chinooks (Chinook Indians) in the 1790s, when he was reported by traders; he was often in company with Comcomly (Comcomly) .
  • November 20, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
June 23, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Apprehensive from Drewyer's (Drouillard, George) delay that he had met with some difficulty in procuring a guide, and also that the two indians who had promised to wait two nights for us would set out today, we thought it most advisable to dispatch Frazier (Frazer, Robert) and Wiser (Weiser, Peter) to them this morning with a vew if possible to detain them a day or two longer; and directed that in the event of their not being able to detain the indians, that Sergt.
  • Drewyer (Drouillard, George) brought with him three indians who had consented to accompany us to the falls of the Missouri (Missouri River, Great Falls of the) for the compensation of two guns.   
  • Criswell, 15. Some Nez Perce (Nez Perce Indians) accounts say that one was a son of Twisted Hair (Twisted Hair (Walamotinin)) and one a son of Hohots Ilppilp (Hohots Ilppilp) .
  • June 23, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
September 17, 1806 - Clark, William
  • there to form an establishment from which to trade partially with the Panas (Pawnee Indians) & Ottoes (Oto Indians) , to form an acquaintance with the Panias (Pawnee Indians) and provail Some of their principal Chiefs to accompany him to Santa Fee (Santa Fe, N.
  • It would also appear that he and his men became involved in hostilities between the Flatheads (Flathead Indians) and the Blackfeet (Blackfeet Indians) and were killed by the latter in 1810.
  • For the Eliatans, or Aliatans (Eliatan Indians) —in this case perhaps Comanches (Comanche Indians) —see April 1, 1805.
  • September 17, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 30, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • the fog remained on the River late this morning & So thick that we could not See the Indians camp on the opposite Shore.—    at about 8 oClock the fog went away.
  • after dark we Made a large fire for the Indians to have a war dance, all the young men prepared themselves for the dance.
  • See Ordway's (Ordway, John) next entry for a discussion of the identity of the Indian chiefs.
  • August 30, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
July 22, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • they were all well and had Seen a great deal of Indian Sign along the River and a fire which was burning.    we expect the Snake (Shoshone Indians) Indians or a party of them are near this.   
  • I was sent back for it, and got it, I then proceeded on after our party, I passed several Islands, which were cover'd with Cotton wood & Cedar timber, the River divided in a number of Channels,—    I took a near cut to the River, and at Night got to it, but was ahead of our party, I went down the River to where they were encamped.—    Captain Clark (Clark, William) , and a party of our Men, had during my absence arrived, and were all well,—    They mentioned that they had seen a great deal of Indian sign along the River,—    and a fire which from its burning, appeared to have been lately left, our party expect that fire was made by a party of the Snake (Shoshone Indians) Indians, who they suppose is near this place, and that they are alarmed at our party firing at Game &ca.    We came 17½ Miles this day 〈and〉 through a rapid Current.—    We passed this day through a very pleasant Country abounding with Currants &ca.—    which grows along the Shores on both sides—    Our Interpreters Wife (Sacagawea) (the Indian woman (Sacagawea) ) informed us, that she knows this Country, along the Shores of the River, up to her nation, (which are the Snake (Shoshone Indians) Indians) who she says lives at the 3 forks (Missouri River, Three Forks of the) of this River.—    We are now 166 Miles distant from the great falls of the Mesouri River (Missouri River, Great Falls of the) .—    These Islands we passed this day we named Whitehouses Islands.
  • July 22, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
July 1, 1806 - Clark, William
  • Pryor (Pryor, Nathaniel Hale) with the horses to the Mandans (Mandan Indians) and from thence to the Tradeing Establishments of the N. W.
  • the Indian man who overtook us in the Mountain, presented Capt. Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) with a horse and said that he opened his ears to what we had said, and hoped that Cap Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) would see the Crovanters of Fort De Prarie (Atsina Indians) and make a good peace that it was their desire to be at peace.
  • Gros ventres or big bellies (Atsina Indians) , again the Atsinas (Atsina Indians) .
  • July 1, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
May 17, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clark Thursday the 17th 1804    a fine Day    3 men Confined for misconduct, I had a Court martial & punishment    Several Indians, who informed me that the Saukees (Sauk Indians) [Sauks (Sauk Indians) ] had lately Crossed to war against the Osage (Osage Indians) Nation    Som aplicasions, I took equal altitudes    made the m a. to be 84° 39' 15" A M 8 H 35 40 P M 3 23 24 " " 37 50 " " 24 50 " " 8 20 " " 25 50 measured the Missouries (Missouri River) at this place and made it 720 yards wide, in Banks.   
  • May 17, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 7, 1805 - Gass, Patrick
  • The men returned and four of the Rickaree (Arikara Indians) s with them. The commanding officers held a conversation with these Indians; and they concluded that some of them would go down in the boat from their village to St.
  • We had two periogues and six canoes, and proceeded about four miles, and encamped opposite the first Mandan (Mandan Indians) village, on the North side. Gass (Gass, Patrick) counts all the party, including York (York) and the two captains, but not the baby Jean Baptiste Charbonneau (Charbonneau, Jean Baptiste) , making thirty-three persons in the permanent party who would go to the Pacific (Pacific Ocean) and return. Gass (Gass, Patrick) also did not add the unnamed Mandan (Mandan Indians) who started with them but dropped out on April 9. See the captains' entries for this day for names of the permanent party and a note on the composition of the return party.
  • April 7, 1805
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
September 11, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • Nez Perce Indians
  • we came about 7 miles this evening and Camped on a narrow plain near where had been a large Camp of Indians a Short time past. Saw one lodge made of Earth.    the pine trees pealed for some distance around.   
  • on the Lolo Trail (Lolo Trail) , a route used by the Nez Perce Indians (Nez Perce Indians) to cross the Bitterroot Mountains (Bitterroot (Snow) Mountains) .
  • September 11, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
October 21, 1805 - Gass, Patrick
  • Having proceeded on again, we passed several more lodges of Indians; and through two very rocky rapid parts of the river with great difficulty. We went 32 miles and encamped at some Indian lodges, where we procured wood from the natives to cook with. Perhaps Methow Indians (Methow Indians) , living in Klickitat County (Klickitat County, Wash.) , Washington (Washington) , between Roosevelt (Roosevelt, Wash.)
  • October 21, 1805
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
November 23, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Beech trees & (By Land)    Capt Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) Branded his and the men all marked their nams on trees about the Camp.    one Indian Came up from their village on some lakes near Haleys bay (Baker (Haley's) Bay) . In the Evening 7 Indians of the Clatt Sopp (Clatsop Indians) nation, opposit Came over, they brought with them 2 Sea orter Skins, for which the asked Such high prices we were uneabled to purchase, with[out] reduceing our Small Stock of merchindize on which we have to depend in part for a Subsistance on our return home, Kiled 4 brant & 3 Ducks to day The purpose of an asterisk above the dateline in the Elkskin-bound Journal is unknown.
  • See above, October 5, 1805, and accompanying note. The word "Clatt Sopp (Clatsop Indians) " appears to have been added later to a blank space.
  • November 23, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
March 22, 1806 - Clark, William
  • M. we were visited by Que-ne-o alias Commorwool (Coboway) 8 Clatsops (Clatsop Indians) and a Kil-a-mox (Tillamook Indians) ; they brought Some dried Anchovies, a common Otter Skin and a Dog for Sale all of which we purchased.    the Dog we purchased for our Sick men, the fish for to add to our Small Stock of provision's, and the Skin to cover my papers.    those Indians left us in the evening.    the air is perfectly temperate, but it continues to rain in Such a manner that there is no possibillity of getting our canoes completed in order to Set out on our homeward journey. The Clatsops (Clatsop Indians) inform us that Several of their nation has he Sore throat, one of which has laterly died with this disorder.   
  • March 22, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
Lewis & Clark among the Indians Introduction to the Bicentennial Edition
  • Lewis & Clark among the Indians Introduction to the Bicentennial Edition
  • Lewis & Clark among the Indians
  • One of those would be the importance of Indians as explorers. Just as Lewis and Clark explored the lives and cultures of native people, so too did Indians explore Jefferson's travelers and the things they carried with them.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • James P. Ronda
January 8, 1806 - Clark, William
  • Their name is from Chinookan (Chinook Indians) (i)t'ilimukš. Their northernmost settlement was at the mouth of Necanicum Creek (Necanicum (Clatsop) River) at modern Seaside (Seaside, Oreg.) , Tillamook County (Tillamook County, Oreg.) , and was apparently shared with the Clatsop (Clatsop Indians) . They belonged to the coastal branch of the Salishan (Flathead Indians) -language family. As noted by Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and Clark (Clark, William) , the Tillamooks (Tillamook Indians) shared a number of outward cultural traits with the neighboring Clatsops (Clatsop Indians) , in spite of the language difference.
  • Cutright (LCPN), 253. The Lower Chinookan (Chinook Indians) term for "whale," íkuli. Gibbs (AVC), 20; Boas (Ch), 608. Clark's (Clark, William) "Shu man" is Chinookan (Chinook Indians) šux̣mn, for the creek's name rather than the word for creek; its meaning is not known, nor is the creek to which the natives may have been referring.
  • January 8, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
March 11, 1806 - Clark, William
  • he borrowed a Canoe from the Indians in which he has returned.    he found his canoe on the way and Secured her, untill we return the Indians their Canoe—Sent Sergt.
  • two tails of this bird is esteemed by Mandans (Mandan Indians) , Minnetares (Hidatsa Indians) , Ricaras (Arikara Indians) , &c. as the full value of a good horse, or Gun and accoutrements.    with the Osage (Osage Indians) & Kanzas (Kansa Indians) and those nations enhabiting Countrys where this bird is more rare, the price is even double of that mentioned.   
  • March 11, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 17, 1806 - Clark, William
  • The Seeoux (Sioux Indians) they Said they had no dependance in and Should kill them whenever they Came into their Country to do them harm &c.
  • I informed them that we should inform the ricaras (Arikara Indians) what they had requested &c. The Grand Chief of the Mineterres (Hidatsa Indians) Said that the great Cheif who was going down with to see their great father was a well as if he went also, and on his return he would be fully informed of the words of his great father, and requested us to take care of this Gt.
  • The camp would be near one of the old Arikara (Arikara Indians) villages in Oliver County (Oliver County, N. Dak.) , North Dakota (North Dakota) , near present Hensler (Hensler, N.
  • August 17, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
July 5, 1804 - Floyd, Charles
  • Kansa Indians
  • Floyd Thursday July 5th 1804    Set out errley this morning    Swam ouer Stray Horse a Cross the River to Join our other Horses    prossed on for two miles under the Bank of the old Kansas (Kansa Indians) village formaley Stood in 1724    the couse of the Indians moving from this place I cant 〈tell〉 Larn but natreley Concluded that war has reduced thair nation and Compelled them to Retir further in to the Plaines with a view of Defending themselves and to operserve their enemey and to Defende them Selves on Horse Back    encampt on the South Side
  • July 5, 1804
  • Journals
  • Floyd, Charles
August 3, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • Captain Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and Captain Clarke (Clark, William) held a council with the Indians, who appeared well pleased with the change of government, and what had been done for them. Six of them were made chiefs, three Otos (Oto Indians) and three Missouris (Missouri Indians) . We renewed our voyage at 3 o'clock; went six miles and encamped on the south side; where we had a storm of wind and rain, which lasted two hours.
  • August 3, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
October 25, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • At 2, we stopped for dinner, and as we could not get our boat to shore on the north side, the water being shallow, our Indian was sent over to them. In the afternoon we passed a bottom covered with timber on the north side and hills on the south, and encamped on the north side. Here our Indian returned, accompanied by one of the Mandans (Mandan Indians) .
  • October 25, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
November 7, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • we Set out eairly and proceeded on    about 10 oClock we halted at an Indian Village where we bought Some fresh fish and Some roots.    we proceeded on    passed a number of Islands which are low and marshy.   
  • Side at a Spring run— A Wahkiakum (Wahkiakum Indians) Indian village in Wahkiakum County (Wahkiakum County, Wash.) , Washington (Washington)
  • November 7, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
March 18, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • we repair the Small canoes.    4 men went over to the prarie near the coast to take a canoe which belongd to the Clotsop Indians (Clatsop Indians) , as we are in want of it.    in the evening they returned 2 of them by land and killd. an Elk.    the others took the canoe near the fort and concealed it, as the chief of the Clotsops (Clatsop Indians) is now here. The captains gave little notice to the incident; see their entries for March 17 and accompanying notes.
  • March 18, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
The Salish People and the Lewis and Clark Expedition Excerpt 10
  • Excerpt 10 As we can see, both tribal elders and non-Indian storytellers reflect the confusion of these interactions. But there is also a crucial difference in how these stories are told. The Salish accounts consciously focus on the misunderstanding. They make a point of how Indians misinterpreted the white visitors, and of how the white men also misunderstood their Salish hosts.
  • Most of these accounts minimize, or even treat as a curious side issue, the expedition's inability to communicate very well with Indians, including the Salish.
  • N.D.
  • Multimedia
  • Salish Pend d'Oreille Culture Committee and Elders Cultural Advisory Council, Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes
September 30, 1804 - Clark, William
  • passed Several Sand bars & the Camp of a Band of Tetons (Sioux Indians, Teton) (1) North   2 miles to a tree on the S.
  • Set out this morning early    had not proceeded on far before we discovered an Indn. running after us, he came up with us at 7 oClock & requested to come on bord and go up to the recorees (Arikara Indians)    we refused to take any of that band on board    if he chose to proceed on Shore it was verry well   Soon after I discovered on the hills at a great distance great numbers of Indians which appeared to be makeing to the river above us, we proceeded on under a Double reafed Sail, & Some rain    at 9 oClock observed a large band of Indians the Same which I had before Seen on the hills incamping on the bank 〈of〉 the L.
  • for a full account of us and to here our talk Sent by him to the Tetons (Sioux Indians, Teton) , those were verry Selecitious for us to land and eate with them, that they were friendly &c. &.   
  • September 30, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
November 29, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • Early in the morning of this day we saw an Indian on the opposite side of the river, and brought him over. He informed us that, a few days ago, eight of his nation were out hunting, and were attacked by a party of the Sioux (Sioux Indians) tribe, who killed one and wounded two more; and also carried off their horses.
  • They went up to the first village of the Mandans (Mandan Indians) , but their warriors did not seem disposed to turn out. They suggested the coldness of the weather; that the Sioux (Sioux Indians) were too far gone to be overtaken; and put off the expedition to the spring of the year.
  • We have been daily visited by the Indians since we came here. Our fort is called Fort Mandan (Fort Mandan (N.
  • November 29, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
October 7, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • about 3 oClock P. m. we Set out on our way to descend the River.    the 2 Indians we came over the mount. with us continues on with us, and a chief & one more Indian who agreed to go down with us has gone by land Some distance down and then Intends comming on board.   
  • M. we set out on our way to descend the River, & the 2 Indians of the Snake (Shoshone Indians) Nation, that came to Pilot us across the Mountains, agreed to continue with us.    We also had a chief & one Indian from the last Town we came through who also agreed to accompany us.—    These two last Indians, set off down the River by land to go some distance, & intend to join our party again.   
  • October 7, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
October 12, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • a Clear & pleasant morning.    the Indians assembled on the bank near us for to Trade with us.    they wanted red paint mostly, but would Give whatever they had to Spare for any kind of Goods    one of the men Gave an Indian a pin hook & the Indian Gave him in return a pair of Moggisins    we Gave them Some Small articles of Goods for Buffalow Robes & Moggn. &.C.   
  • the officers came on board about 12 oClock    took a Good Indian with us who had been to the head of the Missouri River (Missouri River) .   
  • Newman (Newman, John) & Reed (Reed, Moses B.) confined.    3 Indians came to Camp John Newman (Newman, John) was tried the next day for "having uttered repeated expressions of a highly criminal and mutinous nature," was found guilty, and sentenced to receive seventy-five lashes on his back.
  • October 12, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
March 9, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark 9th of March Satturday 1805 a Cloudy Cold and windey morning    wind from the North—    walked up to See the Party that is makeing Perogues, about 5 miles above this, the wind hard and Cold    on my way up I met The [NB: The Borgne] (Le Borgne (One Eye)) Main Chief of the Manitarres (Hidatsa Indians) with four Indians [NB: see note of 9 March after] on Thier way to [NB: 10th March 1805] See us, I requested him to proceed on to the fort where he would find Capt. Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether)    I should be there my Self in corse of a fiew hours, Sent the interpeter back with him and proceeded on my Self to the Canoes    found them nearly finished, the timber verry bad, after visiting all the perogues where I found a number of Indans I wind to the upper mandan (Mandan Indians) Village & Smoked a pipe the greatest mark of friendship and attention with the Chief and returned    on my return found the Manitarree (Hidatsa Indians) Chief about Setting out on his return to his village, having recieved of Captain M.
  • It was also used as merchandise in the Indian trade and as a gift to chiefs. Criswell, 43; Woodward, 25–26, 30–37.
  • March 9, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 7, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Arikara Indians
  • Gravlin (Gravelines, Joseph) who speaks the Ricara (Arikara Indians) language extreemly well, has been imployed to conduct a few of the Recara (Arikara Indians) Chiefs to the seat of government who have promised us to decend in the barge to St.
  • Thompson (Thompson, John B.) .— Interpreters, George Drewyer (Drouillard, George) and Tauasant Charbono (Charbonneau, Toussaint) also a Black man by the name of York (York) , servant to Capt. Clark (Clark, William) , an Indian Woman wife to Charbono (Charbonneau, Toussaint) with a young child, and a Mandan (Mandan Indians) man who had promised us to accompany us as far as the Snake (Paiute Indians) Indians with a view to bring about a good understanding and friendly intercourse between that nation and his own, the Minetares (Hidatsa Indians) and Ahwahharways (Hidatsa Indians, Awaxawi) .
  • April 7, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
February 15, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • in this extesive tract of principally untimbered country so far as we have leant the following nations reside (viz) the Sosone or snake Indians (Shoshone Indians) , the Chopunnish (Nez Perce Indians) , sokulks (Wanapam Indians) , Cutssahnims (Yakima Indians) , Chymnapums (Yakima Indians) , Ehelutes (Wishram-Wasco Indians) , Eneshuh (Tenino Indians) & Chilluckkittequaws (Wishram-Wasco Indians) .   
  • The spotted Appaloosa, of which the Nez Perces (Nez Perce Indians) and some other northwestern tribes were particularly fond.
  • Presumably the group given in the captains' Estimate of Western Indians (see Fort Clatsop (Fort Clatsop (Oreg.)) Miscellany) as the "Sho-bar-boo-be-er (Mono-Paviotso Indians) ," said to live "on the S W Side of the Multnomah river (Willamette (Multnomah) River) high up the Said river," numbering 1,600.
  • February 15, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether

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