Journals of the
Lewis & Clark Expedition

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April 5, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Gass (Gass, Patrick) returned with Collins (Collins, John) and Windsor (Windsor, Richard)    they had not succeeded in killing the female bear tho' they brought the three cubs with them.    the Indians who visited us today fancyed these petts and gave us wappetoe in exchange for them.
  • April 5, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
July 4, 1806 - Clark, William
  • after Crossing this little river, I observed in the road the tracks of two men whome I prosume is of the Shoshone (Shoshone Indians) nation.    our hunters joined us with 2 deer in tolerable order. on the Side of the Hill near the place we dined Saw a gange of Ibex or big horn Animals I Shot at them running and missed.
  • July 4, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 26, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • the yellowstone river (Yellowstone River) including it's sandbar, 858 yds, of which, the water occupyed 297 yards; the depest part 12 feet; it was falling at this time & appeard to be nearly at it's summer tide.—    the Indians inform that the yellowstone river (Yellowstone River) is navigable for perogues and canoes nearly to it's source in the Rocky Mountains (Rocky Mountains) , and that in it's course near these mountains it passes within less than half a day's march of a navigable part of the Missouri (Missouri River) .   
  • Cutright (LCPN), 134, 444; Jones et al., 340–43. Most of this would be from Indian information. The Yellowstone (Yellowstone River) , the Gallatin (Gallatin (South, Southeast Fork) River) and Madison (Madison River (Middle Fork)) forks of the Missouri (Missouri River) , and the Snake (Snake (Ki-moo-e-nim, Lewis's, Southeast Branch of Columbia) River) , the greatest tributary of the Columbia (Columbia River) , do all rise on the Yellowstone Plateau (Yellowstone Plateau) of northwest Wyoming (Wyoming) , the closest actual approximation to the pyramidal height of land of pre-Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and Clark (Clark, William) conjectural geography.
  • April 26, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • Instruments for ascertaining by celestial observations the geography of the country thro' which you will pass, have already been provided. light articles for barter, & presents among the Indians, arms for your attendants, say for from 10 to 12 men, boats, tents, & other travelling apparatus, with ammunition, medicine, surgical instruments & provisions you will have prepared with such aids as the Secretary at War can yield in his department; & from him also you will recieve authority to engage among our troops, by voluntary agreement, the number of attendants above mentioned, over whom you, as their commanding officer are invested with all the powers the laws give in such a case.
  • Genevieve opposite Kaskaskia. from still farther up the river, the traders may furnish a conveyance for letters. beyond that you may perhaps be able to engage Indians to bring letters for the government to Cahokia or Kaskaskia, on promising that they shall there receive such special compensation as you shall have stipulated with them. avail yourself of these means to communicate to us, at seasonable intervals, a copy of your journal, notes & observations of every kind, putting into cypher whatever might do injury if betrayed.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
June 24, 1804 - Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
  • Clark's (Clark, William) name, as he notes in the Codex A entry, derives from some form of grass hut or shelter, built on the stream by Indians or others. Nicollet (MMR), 366; MRC map 13. Apparently Clark's (Clark, William) rendering of Charretins écartés, which can be interpreted to mean either a stream called Charretin that is some distance from another of the same name (Chariton River (Chariton (Charliton, Shariton) River) , passed on June 10), or two streams called Charretin that are joined at the mouth but separated just above.
  • June 24, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
June 5, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • I [NB: we] saw [NB: near the hills] a flock of the mountain cock, or a large species of heath hen with a long pointed tail which the Indians informed us were common to the Rockey Mountains (Rocky Mountains) , I sent Shields (Shields, John) to kill one of them but he was obliged to fire a long distance at them and missed his aim.   
  • June 5, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
November 19, 1805 - Clark, William
  • this point I have taken the Liberty of Calling after my particular friend Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) —    at the commencement of this Sand beech the high lands leave the Sea coast in a Direction to Chinnook river (Wallacut (Chinook) River) , and does not touch the Sea Coast again 〈untill〉 below point Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) leaveing a low pondey countrey, maney places open with small ponds in which there is great numbr. of fowl    I am informed that the Chinnook (Chinook Indians) Nation inhabit this low countrey and live in large wood houses on a river which passes through this bottom Parrilal to the Sea coast and falls into the Bay I proceeded on the Sandy Coast 4 miles, and marked my name on a Small pine, the Day of the month & year, &c. and returned to the foot of the hill, from which place I intended to Strike across to The Bay, I saw a Sturgeon which had been thrown on Shore and left by the tide 10 feet in length, and Several joints of the back bone of a whale which must have foundered on this part of the Coast.   
  • November 19, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
May 24, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Hitchcock et al., 4:250, 260–61; Welsh (Welsh Indians) et al., 329; Moore (MPMW), 130–32. Seneca snakeroot, Polygala senega L.
  • May 24, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
June 6, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • we therefore do not calculate on any assistance from them as guides, but depend more upon engageing some of the Ootlashshoots (Flathead Indians) in the neighborhood of Travellers rest C. (Lolo (Travelers' Rest) Creek (Mont.))
  • June 6, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
June 13, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • this butment of rock defends a handsom little bottom of about three acres which is deversified and agreeably shaded with some cottonwood trees; in the lower extremity of the bottom there is a very thick grove of the same kind of trees which are small, in this wood there are several Indian lodges formed of sticks.    a few small cedar grow near the ledge of rocks where I rest.   
  • I have seen their tallons in possession of the Indians and from their form I am perswaded if there is any difference between this species and the brown or white bear it is very inconsiderable.
  • June 13, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
July 22, 1804 - Clark, William
  • to. kansas (Kansas (Decaugh, Kaw) River)   12   10   17 ½     6 ¾     7 ½   10 ½   3 ½   11 ½   13   9 ¾ 364 ¼   To the Kansa's River (Kansas (Decaugh, Kaw) River) South Side     7 } 67   10   12   11 ½   11 ¼   15 431 [or 433]   To the 2d old Village of the Kansas (Kansa Indians) 433 } 48   10   12   14   12 ¼ 479   To the Nordaway (Nodaway River)    R: N S.   14 } 30   10     6 510〈¼〉   To Grd.
  • July 22, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 8, 1804 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Lewis August 8th 1804 we had seen but a few aquatic fouls of any kind on the river since we commenced our journey up the Missouri (Missouri River) , a few geese accompanied by their young, the wood duck which is common to every part of this country & crains of several kinds which will be discribed in their respective places—    this day after we had passed the river Souix (Sioux Indians) as called by Mr. MacKay (Mackay, James) (or as is more properly called the stone river (Little Sioux (Ye-yeau War-da-pon) River) ,[)] I saw a great number of feathers floating down the river    those feathers had a very extraordinary appearance as they appeared in such quantities as to cover pretty generally sixty or seventy yards of the breadth of the river.   
  • August 8, 1804
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
February 16, 1806 - Clark, William
  • the niter has produced a perfuse perspiration this evening and the pils opperated late at night his feaver after which abated almost intirely and he had a good nights rest. The Indian Dogs are usually small or much more so than the common cur.   
  • February 16, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
July 5, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • anoth[er] just above    saw an old indian encampment of 11 lodges of bark and [leather?] on S. side at 3½ M.   
  • July 5, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
August 28, 1806 - Clark, William
  • and Frazier (Frazer, Robert) to kill the barking Squirel, and Gave directions to all of them to kill the Magpye if they Should See any of them Several of the men and the Squaws of the enterpreter Jessomme (Jusseaume, René) and the Mandan (Mandan Indians) Chief went to Some plumb bushes in the bottom and geathered more plumbs than the party Could eate in 2 days, those blumbs are of 3 Speces, the most of them large and well flavored.   
  • August 28, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
J & MC Quarterly 80.4 (2003): 866–883
  • Evidently too the lists and inventories so far known do not cover in full the equipment and supplies of the expedition, or the amount of goods it carried for presents to the Indians and barter with them. (For example, the known amount of gunpowder is inadequate to supply so large an expedition, absent so long from any source of supply, hunting so constantly and on so large a scale, and so lavish in gifts of ammunition to the Indians.)
  • As soon as it did so, it came into contact with two transmontane Indian tribes, the Shoshones or Snakes and the Nez Percés. To both tribes Lewis made detailed proposals which looked forward to securing their trade for the United States.
  • They got most of it from the Hidatsa Indians or Minnetarees. But they tirelessly questioned the Mandans too and all British traders who were resident with both tribes or who visited them from the posts on the Assiniboine River.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • Bernard DeVoto
August 30, 1803 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • This weapon, which much impressed the Indians along the expedition's route, was probably manufactured by Isaiah Lukens (Lukens, Isaiah) , horologist and gunsmith of Philadelphia (Philadelphia, Pa.) ; it was returned to him after Lewis's (Lewis, Meriwether) death in 1809, sold at auction on Lukens's (Lukens, Isaiah) death in 1847, and discovered and identified in 1976.
  • August 30, 1803
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
April 22, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Even the real White Earth River (White Earth (Ok-hah-Âh-zhâh) River) would not have matched their hopes, probably based on Indian information. Allen (PG), 242. The broken hills (breaks) were formed when the Missouri River (Missouri River) cut a new course along the southern and western edges of glacial ice.
  • April 22, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
June 10, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Sâh-câh-gâh, we â (Sacagawea) , our Indian woman is very sick this evening; Capt. C. (Clark, William) blead her.   
  • June 10, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
July 30, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • we dined and again proceeded on; as the river now passed through the woods the invalleds got on board together with Sharbono (Charbonneau, Toussaint) and the Indian woman (Sacagawea) ; I passed the river and continued my walk on the Stard. side.   
  • July 30, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
August 6, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Whitehouse (Whitehouse, Joseph) had been thrown out of one of the canoes as she swing in a rapid current and the canoe had rubed him and pressed him to the bottom as she passed over him and had the water been 2 inches shallower must inevitably have crushed him to death.    our parched meal, corn, Indian preasents, and a great part of our most valuable stores were wet and much damaged on this ocasion.   
  • August 6, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
September 2, 1805 - Clark, William
  • (our rout on a Dividing ridge to the right 9 ms. about[)]    bad road N. 18° W.   3 down the run [EC: Camp Creek (Camp Creek (Ravalli County, Mont.)) ] to a run on the left N. 35° W   3 miles down the run to the river which Coms from the East, a wide Vallie. 33 tents of Flat heads (Flathead Indians) 12 ms. 53 ½   Meant for "perpetual" or perhaps "potential."
  • September 2, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 22, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • Tuesday October 22nd    A clear pleasant morning & We set out soon after Sun rise & proceeded on down the River, we passed several fishing Camps of Indians, lying on the North side of the River, and high Clifts of dark colour'd Rock lying on both sides of it.—    We also saw an Island of Rocks, which had towers of solid Rock on it, and a very rough roaring rapid, lying on the North side of the River, on which lies the main Channel & body of it; We proceeded down at this place on the South side of the River & found a small River, which emtied into the Columbia River (Columbia River) on the same side.   
  • October 22, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
May 28, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • they had fortunately discovered a ford on Collins's Creek (Lolo (Collins's) Creek (Idaho)) where they were enabled to pass it with their horses and had hunted at the quawmash ground (Weippe Prairie (Camas Flats, Quawmash Flats)) where we first met with the Chopunnish (Nez Perce Indians) last fall.    deer were very abundant they informed us, but there were not many bear.
  • May 28, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
Great Plains Quarterly 13.2 (1993): 69–80
  • Here, among the grass huts of the Wichita Indians, the search for a new Mexico or a new Peru ended in failure, and Coronado returned to Mexico.
  • This young explorer (only nineteen years of age in 1690) was Henry Kelsey; his mission was to obtain geographical knowledge of the interior and "by all faire psuasion & kind usage to Invite [Indians] to come downe & trade only" at the posts of the Hudson's Bay Company.
  • La Harpe penned the first written descriptions of buffalo-hunting horse Indians; if for no other reason, his exploration was therefore significant for developing geographical knowledge of the American interior.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • John L. Allen
Weather, January 1805 - Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
  • r   ¼          25 26 b f N W 4 b f a c W          26 12 a c N E 20 a f a c S E          27 20 a c S E 16 a c N W r 2            28 2 b f N W 15 a f S W          29 4 a f S W 16 a f W r   ½          30 6 a c N W 14 a c N W r 1            31 2 b c a s N W 8 a f a c N W f 1   [Remarks] [2] visit the Mandans (Mandan Indians) with a party of the men, who danced for their amusement in the lodge of the Black Cat (Black Cat (Posecopsahe)) — January 3rd the Snow was not considerable    the ground is now covered 9 inches deep— 6th at 12 oC. today two Luminous spots appeared on either side of the sun extreemly bright 8th the snow is now ten inches deep. 12th singular appearance of three distinct Halo or luminus rings about the moon appeared this evening at half after 9 P.
  • Weather, January 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
April 26, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • The Missouri (Missouri River) is 520 yards wide above the point of yellow Stone (Yellowstone River) and the water covers 330 yards; the YellowStone River (Yellowstone River) is 858 yards wide includeing its Sand bar, the water covers 297 yards and the deepest part is 12 feet water, it is at this time falling, the Missouri (Missouri River) rising    The Indians inform that the yellow Stone River (Yellowstone River) is navagable for Perogues to near its Source in the Rocky Mountains (Rocky Mountains) , it has many tributary Streams, principally on the S.
  • April 26, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
May 12, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • it bears a fruit which much resembles the wild cherry in form and colour tho' larger and better flavoured; it's fruit ripens about the begining of July and continues on the trees untill the latter end of September—    The Indians of the Missouri (Missouri River) make great uce of this cherry which they prepare for food in various ways, sometimes eating when first plucked from the trees or in that state pounding them 〈and〉 mashing the seed boiling them with roots or meat, or with the prarie beans and white-apple; again for their winter store they geather them and lay them on skins to dry in the sun, and frequently pound them and make them up in small roles or cakes and dry them in the sun; when thus dryed they fold them in skins or put them in bags of parchment and keep them through the winter either eating them in this state or boiling them as before mentioned.   
  • May 12, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
September 10, 1803 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • Lewis 10th The rain ceased about day, the clouds had not dispersed, and looked very much like giving us a repetition of the last evening's frallic, there was but little fogg and I should have been able to have set out at sunrise, but the Corporal had not yet returned with the bread—    I began to fear that he was 〈miffed〉 piqued with the sharp reprimand I gave him the evening before for his negligence & inattention with respect to the bread and had deserted; in this however I was agreeably disappointed, about 8 in the morning he came up bring with him the two men and the bread, they instantly embarked and we set out    we passed several very bad riffles this morning at at 11 Oclock six miles below our encampment of last evening I landed on the east side of R. and went on shore to view a remarkable artificial mound of earth called by the people in this neighbourhood the Indian grave.— This remarkable mound of earth stands on the east bank of the Ohio (Ohio River) 12 miles below Wheeling (Wheeling, W.
  • September 10, 1803
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
July 16, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Rocks exposed along this reach of the Missouri River (Missouri River) are mapped as basal Permian Admire Group, the lowermost unit of which is the cliff forming Indian Cave sandstone. Burchett et al.; Condra & Reed. One naturalist has supposed the birds to be bank swallows, Riparia riparia [AOU, 616].
  • July 16, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 25, 1804 - Clark, William
  • would not thickly timber 100 acres of land—    we returned to the boat at Sunset, my Servent nearly exosted with heat thurst and fatigue, he being fat and un accustomed to walk as fast as I went was the Cause—    we Set fire to the Praries in two Places to let the Sous (Sioux Indians) know we were on the river and as a Signal for them to Come to the river above, our Party in the Boat & one Perogue undr. the Comd of Sergt.
  • August 25, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
The Missing Journals of Meriwether Lewis
  • And although Lewis cannot be directly credited, it is known that the captains were keeping lists of Indian vocabularies during this period, work that may have amounted to extensive note-taking.
  • It contains extensive descriptions of local flora and fauna and the life of the nearby Indians, with numerous illustrations. Nowhere else did Lewis devote more time and record so much in fulfilling the scientific objectives of the expedition.
  • Extant correspondence between Clark, Jefferson, and Biddle after the expedition, when the journals were being extensively discussed and widely sought for deposit at the American Philosophical Society, gives no indication of missing journals, although Jefferson does mention other missing material, such as the Indian vocabularies. One can only wonder at Lewis's lapses and never explain them entirely.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • Gary E. Moulton
June 14, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • after feasting my eyes on this ravishing prospect and resting myself a few minutes I determined to procede as far as the river which I saw discharge itself on the West side of the Missouri (Missouri River) convinced that it was the river which the Indians call medicine river (Sun (Mah-pah-pah,-ah-zhah, Medicine) River) and which they informed us fell into the Missouri (Missouri River) just above the falls (Missouri River, Great Falls of the)    I decended the hills and directed my course to the bend of the Missouri (Missouri River) near which there was a herd of at least a thousand buffaloe; here I thought it would be well to kill a buffaloe and leave him untill my return from the river and if I then found that I had not time to get back to camp this evening to remain all night here there being a few sticks of drift wood lying along shore which would answer for my fire, and a few sattering cottonwood trees a few hundred yards below which would afford me at least a semblance of a shelter.   
  • The eagle's nest on the island below the falls, a distinguishing feature referred to by the Hidatsas (Hidatsa Indians) in their directions to the captains, was still there in 1860.
  • June 14, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
May 14, 1804 - Clark, William
  • "Hump Mountain fort" (Montagne a la Bosse) was Montagne à la Bosse (Montagne a la Bosse) , a North West Company establishment built before 1794 on the Assiniboine (Assiniboine Indians) about twenty miles west of present Brandon, Manitoba (Brandon, Manitoba) .
  • May 14, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 30, 1805 - Clark, William
  • I took two men and walked down three miles to examine the Shute and river below proceeded along an old Indian path, passd. an old village at 1 mile on an ellevated Situation of    this village contained verry large houses built in a different form from any I had Seen, and laterly abandoned, and the most of the boads put into a pond of water near the village, as I conceived to drown the flees, which was emencely noumerous about the houses—.
  • October 30, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
Lewis and Clark on the Great Plains A Natural History
  • Dried leaves often comprised parts of smoking mixtures, which among the Omahas might also contain dogwood (Cornus) bark and Indian tobacco. The flexible green shoots were used for basket-making, and the roots were a source of yellow dye.
  • Fringed sagebrush, with leaf variation and flower detail Drawing of fringed sagebrush, with leaf variation and flower detail Indian ("Rikara") Tobacco Nicotiana quadrivalvus FIG. 24 This non-native forb is a species of tobacco that grows wild from Oregon to California and Nevada, but it evidently migrated east through cultivation by Native Americans, who grew it for smoking.
  • A newly discovered species. FIG. 24. Indian tobacco Drawing of Indian tobacco Lanceleaf Sage Salvia reflexa (= "lanceolata") FIG. 25 This is a widespread perennial forb.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • Paul A. Johnsgard
Weather, March 1804 - Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
  • after haveing arrested the progress of a Kickapoo (Kickapoo Indians) war party   21st I arrived at River Dubois (Camp Dubois (Camp Wood, River Dubois) (Ill.))
  • March 31, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
May 5, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • they are very inactive and easily taken in the water, a man can out swim them with great ease; the Indians take them in great numbers in the river at this season and in autumn when they repass to the S.
  • May 5, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
July 10, 1806 - Clark, William
  • I had all the Canoes put into the water and every article which was intended to be Sent down put on board, and the horses collected and packed with what fiew articles I intend takeing with me to the River Rochejhone (Yellowstone River) , and after brackfast we all Set out at the Same time & proceeded on Down Jeffersons river (Beaverhead (Jefferson) River) on the East Side through Sarviss [NB: Service] Vally (Serviceberry Valley) and rattle snake mountain (Rattlesnake Cliffs) and into that butifull and extensive Vally open and fertile which we Call the beaver head Vally which is the Indian name    in their language Har na Hap pap Chah.   
  • July 10, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 7, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • The captains purchased an unknown number of hats made of cedar bark from some Clatsop (Clatsop Indians) women on February 22, 1806, and distributed them among the party.
  • August 7, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
May 3, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • on the lard side at the distance of 2 miles we passed a curious collection of bushes which had been tyed up in the form of a faciene and standing on end in the open bottom    it appeared to be about 30 feet high and ten or twelve feet in diameter, this we supposed to have been placed there by the Indians, as a sacrefice for some purpose. The wind continued to blow hard from the West but not so strong as to compel us to ly by.   
  • May 3, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
May 24, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • the high country in which we are at present and have been passing for some days I take to be a continuation of what the Indians as well as the French Engages call the Black hills (Black Hills) .
  • May 24, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
July 22, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • the murcury stood at 80 a. 0    this is the warmest day except one which we have experienced this summer. The Indian woman (Sacagawea) recognizes the country and assures us that this is the river on which her relations live, and that the three forks (Beaver (White Paint, White Earth, Pryor's Valley) Creek (Broadwater County, Mont.))
  • July 22, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
August 5, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • I quenched my thirst and rested a few minutes examined the river and found it still very navigable.    an old indian road very large and plain leads up this fork, but I could see no tracks except those of horses which appeared to have passed early in the spring.   
  • August 5, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
Weather, July 1806 - Clark, William
  • Pryor (Pryor, Nathaniel Hale) crossd and Set out for the Mandans (Mandan Indians) .[)] 25th rained from 3 to 4 P M yesterday but Slight.   
  • Weather, July 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
J & MC Quarterly 80.4 (2003): 866–883
  • Almost at once, the thinking of Congress had to change. Indian hostilities in the old Northwest, and the refusal of Great Britain to vacate certain garrisons, necessitated new enlistments and the building of new forts on the frontier. When these threats were lessened somewhat by the signing of Jay's Treaty with England in 1794, and the Treaty of Greenville with the Indians in 1795, tensions were eased—and then another new threat appeared.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • Donald Jackson
Weather, April 1804 - Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
  • The wood is hard, strong, and durable and was valued by Indians for bows and apparently arrows. It was extensively cultivated by early settlers for fencerows and windbreaks.
  • April 30, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
May 11, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • had shot him through the center of the lungs, notwithstanding which he had pursued him near half a mile and had returned more than double that distance and with his tallons had prepared himself a bed in the earth of about 2 feet deep and five long and was perfectly alive when we found him which could not have been less than 2 hours after he received the wound; these bear being so hard to die reather intimedates us all; I must confess that I do not like the gentlemen and had reather fight two Indians than one bear; there is no other chance to conquer them by a single shot but by shooting them through the brains, and this becomes difficult in consequence of two large muscles which cover the sides of the forehead and the sharp projection of the center of the frontal bone, which is also of a pretty good thickness.   
  • May 11, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
Weather, April 1806 - Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
  • .; it is unclear which western plant is referred to here. Bailey, 800. It may be Indian plum, osoberry, Osmaronia cerasiformis (T. & G.) Greene. Thwaites (LC), 6:213 n. 3; Hitchcock et al., 3:123.
  • Weather, April 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
Weather, April 1805 - Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether
  • .— 7th Visited by a Ricara (Arikara Indians) Chief    wind very high.    set out on our voyage at 5 P. M.   
  • Weather, April 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether

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