Journals of the
Lewis & Clark Expedition

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November 6, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Jo Gravilin (Gravelines, Joseph) our ricare (Arikara Indians) interpeter Paul premor (Primeau, Paul) , Lajuness (La Jeunesse, Jean Baptiste) & 2 french Boys, who Came with us, Set out in a Small perogue, on their return to the ricaree (Arikara Indians) nation & the Illinois (Illinois) , Mr. Gravilin (Gravelines, Joseph) has instructions to take on the recarees (Arikara Indians) in the Spring &c.—    Continue to build the huts, out of Cotton Timber, &c. this being the only timber we have.— The aurora borealis.
  • November 6, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 29, 1805 - Clark, William
  • the Wind from the South, I left our baggage in possession of 2 men and proceeded on up to join Capt Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) at the upper Village of Snake (Shoshone Indians) Indians where I arrived at 1 oClock found him much engaged in Counceling and attempting to purchase a fiew more horses. I Spoke to the Indians on various Subjects endeavoring to impress on theire minds the advantaje it would be to them for to Sell us horses and expedite the our journey the nearest and best way possibly that we might return as Soon as possible and winter with them at Some place where there was plenty of buffalow,—    our 〈object〉 wish is to get a horse for each man to Carry our baggage and for Some of the men to ride occasionally, The horses are handsom and much acustomed to be changed as to their Parsture; we cannot Calculate on their carrying large loads & feed on the Grass which we may Calculate on finding in the Mountain Thro which we may expect to pass on our rout    made Some Selestial observations, the Lard. of this Part the Columbia River (Columbia River) is [blank] North.
  • August 29, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 24, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • we loaded the canoes and Set out about 9 oClock and proceeded on    the current rapid    we went through a narrows where the river is all confined in a narrow channel of about 20 yds and verry rapid and bad whorl pools, and went on verry well    towards evening we came to another narrows    we camped little above at an Indian village which was made half under the surface of the ground and the upper part well formed and covred with white ceeder bark.   
  • In the vicinity of Horsethief Lake State Park (Horsethief Lake State Park (Wash.)) , Klickitat County (Klickitat County, Wash.) , Washington (Washington) , among Wishram-Wasco (Wishram-Wasco Indians) Indians.
  • October 24, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
October 30, 1805 - Gass, Patrick
  • In the evening we came to the head of falls, where there is a large Indian village. On our way down we saw a great many swans, geese and ducks; and a number of sea otter.
  • They camped here, just above the Cascades (Cascade Range) of the Columbia River (Columbia River) , on an island in Skamania County (Skamania County, Wash.) , nearly opposite Cascade Locks (Cascade Locks, Oreg.) , Hood River County (Hood River County, Oreg.) , Oregon (Oregon) . The nearby Indians were Yehuhs (Yehuh Indians) , a Chinookan-language people of whom little is known.
  • October 30, 1805
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
December 3, 1805 - Clark, William
  • how disagreeable my Situation, a plenty of meat and incaple of eateing any—    an Indian Canoe Came down with 8 Indians in it from the upper village, I gave a fish hook for a fiew Wap-e-to roots, which I eate in a little Elk Supe, The Indians proceeded on down.   
  • December 3, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
May 5, 1806 - Gass, Patrick
  • About 10 o'clock we passed the forks, and kept along the north side of Koos-koos-ke (Clearwater (Flathead, Kooskooskee) River) ; at noon we halted at three lodges of Indians, where we got three dogs and some roots.— We also got one of our horses, which we had left here last fall in the care of the old chief who is now with us; and says that the Snake (Shoshone Indians) guide, who deserted us last fall, stole and took two of our horses with him.
  • Toby (Old Toby) , the Shoshone (Shoshone Indians) who guided them across the mountains; see Lewis's (Lewis, Meriwether) entry of August 20, 1805.
  • May 5, 1806
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
May 22, 1806 - Gass, Patrick
  • They drove it so hard that it was obliged to take the water, when some of our men went down the bank and shot it, and the natives got on a raft and caught it. These Indians are the most active horsemen I ever saw: they will gallop their horses over precipices, that I should not think of riding over at all.
  • The saddles rise very high before and behind, in the manner of the saddles of the Spaniards, from whom they no doubt received the form; and also obtained their breed of horses. When the Indians are going to mount they throw their buffaloe robes over the saddles and ride on them, as the saddles would otherwise be too hard.
  • Gass (Gass, Patrick) is undoubtedly correct, although the idea and form of the saddle must have passed through several tribes before reaching the Nez Perces (Nez Perce Indians) . The Spanish settlements of New Mexico (New Mexico) were the origin point for the horses, and many of the horse-using methods, of the Western tribes.
  • May 22, 1806
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
June 13, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • in the evening Labuish (Labiche, François) and Cruzatte (Cruzatte, Pierre) returned and reported that the buzzards has eaten up a deer which they had killed butchered and hung up this morning. The indian who visited us yesterday exchanged his horse for one of ours which had not perfectly recovered from the operation of castration and received a small ax and a knife to boot, he seemed much pleased with his exchange and set out immediately to his village, as if fearfull that we would cansel the bargain which is customary among themselves and deemed only fair.    we directed the meat to be cut thin and exposed to dry in the sun.    we made a digest of the Indian Nations West of the Rocky Mountains (Rocky Mountains) which we have seen and of whom we have been repeated informed by those with whom we were conversent.   
  • Burroughs, 203–4. See Estimate of the Western Indians. It is not clear to which of the several copies Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) refers.
  • June 13, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
May 17, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clark May the 17th Thursday 1804 a fair day    Compelled to punish for misconduct. Several Kickapoos (Kickapoo Indians) Indians Visit me to day, George Drewyer (Drouillard, George) arrive.
  • May 17, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 28, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • At 8 we halted for breakfast, when our young Indian left us to go to his camp at a handsome prairie, gently rising from the river on the north side; a small distance above which are beautiful groves of Cotton wood on both sides of the river.
  • We then crossed to the south side to mend the periogue, and to wait to receive the Indians we expected; and landed a little below some high bluffs. Our camp was in a wide bottom, in which are large elm and oak trees.
  • August 28, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
December 23, 1804 - Clark, William
  • Clark 23rd December Sunday 1804 a fine Day    great numbers of indians of all discriptions Came to the fort many of them bringing Corn to trade, the little Crow (Little Crow (Ka-goh-ha-me)) , loadd. his wife & Sun with corn for us, Cap. Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) gave him a few presents as also his wife, She made a Kettle of boild Simnins, beens, Corn & Choke Cherris with the Stones which was paletable This Dish is Considered, as a treat among those people, The Chiefs of the Mandans (Mandan Indians) are fond of Stayin & Sleeping in the fort The choke cherry is Prunus virginianus L.
  • December 23, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
January 9, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark 9th of January Wednesday 1805 A Cold Day    Themometer at 21° below 0, Great numbers of indians go to Kill Cows, [NB: Cn Clark (Clark, William) accd them with 3 or 4 man    killed a number of cows near the fort.] the little Crow (Little Crow (Ka-goh-ha-me)) Brackft. with us, Several Indians Call at the Fort nearly frosed, one man reported that he had Sent his Son a Small boy to the fort about 3 oClock, & was much distressed at not finding him here, the after part of this day verry Cold, and wind Keen
  • January 9, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
March 29, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark [March 29, 1805] 30th of March Sunday 1805 The obstickle broke away above & the ice came dow in great quantites the river rose 13 inches the last 24 hours    I observed extrodanary dexterity of the Indians in jumping from one Cake of ice to another, for the purpose of Catching the buffalow as they float down    maney of the Cakes of ice which they pass over are not two feet Square. The Plains are on fire in view of the fort on both Sides of the River, it is Said to be common for the Indians to burn the Plains near their villages every Spring for the benifit of ther horse, and to induce the Buffalow to come near to them.
  • March 29, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
November 13, 1805 - Gass, Patrick
  • At 9 o'clock in the forenoon it became a little more calm than usual; and 3 men took a canoe, which we got from the Indians of a kind excellent for riding swells, and set out to go to the point on the sea shore, to ascertain whether there were any white people there, or if they were gone. Colter (Colter, John) , Willard (Willard, Alexander) , and Shannon (Shannon, George) , according to Clark (Clark, William) . On the Indian canoes, see especially Lewis's (Lewis, Meriwether) entry of February 1, 1806.
  • November 13, 1805
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
November 20, 1805 - Ordway, John
  • we eat them and went on up the other River and village    the Indians had all left the village, So we made a raft and one man went across and got a canoe.    we then returned to Camp.    a great number of Indians at Camp.    our men at Camp had killed Several Deer, geese and brants &C.— Labiche (Labiche, François) , reports Clark (Clark, William) .
  • November 20, 1805
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
March 6, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • Pryor (Pryor, Nathaniel Hale) and 2 more men Set out with the Small canoe to go up the Columbia River (Columbia River) to the Cath le mahs (Cathlamet Indians) village after fish and wa-pa-toes, our old Clotsop (Clatsop Indians) Chief visited us.   
  • March 6, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
March 6, 1806 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • Serjeant Pryor (Pryor, Nathaniel Hale) & 2 Men set out with a small Canoe, in order to go up the Columbia River (Columbia River) to the Cath-le-mah (Cathlamet Indians) Village & fishery;—    in Order to purchase some fresh fish, Wapatoe Roots &ca.    Our old friend the Clatsop (Clatsop Indians) chief visited us this day.    We hawled up our Canoes in order to repair them &ca
  • March 6, 1806
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
March 18, 1806 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • .—    Our officers sent 4 Men over the River, to a Priari which lay near the Ocean in order to get a small Canoe which belonged to the Clatsop Indians (Clatsop Indians) .    They returned in the Evening with the Canoe.   
  • March 18, 1806
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
March 26, 1806 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • the water raised so much that it obliged several of our party to move their Camps.    Our Officers gave one of the Indians, who belonged to the fishing Camp near us, A. Medal, & the Indian in return, gave them a large Sturgeon.   
  • March 26, 1806
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
March 22, 1806 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • About noon a number of the Clatsop Nation of Indians (Clatsop Indians) came to the fort.    They brought some Straw & Cane hatts & dry'd fish to trade with us.   
  • March 22, 1806
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
June 24, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • we got up all our horses and Set out on our homeward bound journey again    proceed. on to Collinses Creek (Lolo (Collins's) Creek (Idaho)) the three guides with us.    the other 2 Indians who we lift here is gone on and 4 of our men went on after them.   
  • the other 2 had gone on to hunt.    the men who Stayed with the Indians had killed one deer.—
  • June 24, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
The Way to the Western Sea Lewis and Clark across the Continent
  • Above all, no Indian could stay inside the fort's gates after sunset. At first the Indians resented being herded outside into the rain as darkness fell.
  • In his mind the payment was hardly adequate, although it may have seemed so to the Indians, once the dogs had been accepted and eaten. The captains, breaking their own rule about not stealing from the Indians, authorized the taking of the canoe.
  • The implication is that Lewis's dealings with Indians accord with Jefferson's directions and not with Lewis's own feelings.
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • David Lavender
September 13, 1805 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) rode and a colt which our young Indian rode.    we hunted Some time for them but could not find them.   
  • a little above we could not git along the Indian trail for the timber which had been blown down in a thicket of pine &c.   
  • Friday Septemr. 13th    We had Cloudy weather; We got up all our Horses, but the one that Captain Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) had rode & a Colt which was rode by the Young Indian, who attended our Interpreter; which we had got from the Snake (Shoshone Indians) Nation of Indians The men all turned out to hunt for this horse & Colt, but returned to us without success.   
  • September 13, 1805
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
September 14, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Glade Creek (Pack (Glade) Creek) above its mouth, at a place the Tushepaws (Flathead Indians) or Flat head (Flathead Indians) Indians have made 2 wears across to Catch Sammon and have but latterly left the place    I could see no 〈Signs of〉 fish, and the grass entirely eaten out by the horses, we proceeded on 2 miles & Encamped opposit a Small Island at the mouth of a branch on the right side of the river which is at this place 80 yads wide, Swift and Stoney, here we wer compelled to kill a Colt for our men & Selves to eat for the want of meat & we named the South fork Colt killed Creek (Colt Killed Creek) , and this river we Call Flathead River (Clearwater (Flathead, Kooskooskee) River) —[WC: The flat head (Flathead Indians) name is Koos koos ke R (Clearwater (Flathead, Kooskooskee) River) ] The Mountains which we passed to day much worst than yesterday the last excessively bad & Thickly Strowed with falling timber & Pine Spruc fur Hackmatak & Tamerack, Steep & Stoney our men and horses much fatigued, The rain [blank] Brushy Creek (Brushy (Quawmash, Stony) Creek (Idaho)) , on the left, and Crooked Fork (Crooked Fork (Glade, North Fork) Creek (Idaho)) , on the right, in Idaho County (Idaho County, Idaho) , Idaho (Idaho) .
  • "Flathead" apparently refers to the Nez Perces (Nez Perce Indians) , not the Salish (Flathead Indians) of Montana (Montana) . The word "Flathead" appears to have been inserted in place of an erased word.
  • September 14, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
May 4, 1806 - Clark, William
  • a Great portion of the Chopunnish (Nez Perce Indians) we are informed are now distributed in Small villages through this plain Collecting the Cowse a white Meley root which is very fine in Soup after being dried and pounded; the Salmon not yet haveing arived to Call them to the river—.
  • here we also met with our old pilot who decended the river with us as low as the Columbia (Columbia River)    these indians recommended our passing the river at this place and going up on the N E Side of the Kooskoske (Clearwater (Flathead, Kooskooskee) River) .   
  • we determined to take the advise of the indians and imediately prepared to pass the river which with the assistance of three indian Canoes we effected in the Course of the evening, purchased a little Wood, Some Cows bread and encamped, haveing traveled 15 miles to day only.
  • May 4, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
May 29, 1805 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • on the Missouri (Missouri River) just above the entrance of the Big Horn [NB: Judith] River (Judith River) I counted the remains of the fires of 126 Indian lodges which appeared to be of very recent date perhaps 12 or 15 days.
  • Clark (Clark, William) also saw a large encampent just above the entrance of this river on the Stard. side of reather older date, probably they were the same Indians. The Indian woman (Sacagawea) with us exmined the mockersons which we found at these encampments and informed us that they were not of her nation the Snake (Shoshone Indians) Indians, but she beleived they were some of the Indians who inhabit the country on this side of Rocky Mountains (Rocky Mountains) and North of the Missoury (Missouri River) and I think it most probable that they were the Minetaries (Hidatsa Indians) of Fort de Prarie (Fort des Prairies (Canada)) .
  • Sacagawea (Sacagawea) may have been referring to the Blackfeet Indians (Blackfeet Indians) , but Clark's (Clark, William) wording relates to the Atsina (Atsina Indians) .
  • May 29, 1805
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
April 1, 1806 - Clark, William
  • Sand River (Sandy (Quicksand) River) ; the ballance of the hunters we Sent out in different directions on this Side of the Columbia (Columbia River) , and employed those about Camp in makeing a rope of Elk Skin. The information given by the indians to us last night respecting quick Sand river (Sandy (Quicksand) River) was corrobarated by Sundery other indians who visited us in the Course of this day.   
  • a fall of water heard at no great distance up this river." Several diffirent tribes of indians inform us that it heads at Mount Hood (Mount Hood (Timm, Falls Mountain)) which is in view.
  • they did not return this evening. We purchased a Canoe from an Indian today for Six fathoms of white wampom; he Seemed Satisfied with his bargin and departed in another Canoe but Shortly after returned and canseled the bargain, took his canoe and returned the beeds.   
  • April 1, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 11, 1806 - Clark, William
  • Clahclellar Indians
  • Yehuh Indians
  • The inhabitents of the Wy-ach-hich Tribe Village (Yehuh Indians) imediately above those rapids on the N W.
  • April 11, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
July 18, 1806 - Clark, William
  • E in the plains towards the termonation of the rocky mountains (Rocky Mountains) in that direction (which is Covered with Snow) this Smoke must be raisd. by the Crow Indians (Crow Indians) in that direction as a Signal for us, or other bands. I think it most probable that they have discovered our trail and takeing us to be Shoshone (Shoshone Indians) &c. in Serch of them the Crow Indians (Crow Indians) [WC: now at peace with them] to trade as is their Custom, have made this Smoke to Shew where they are—or otherwise takeing up to be their Enemy made this Signal for other bands to be on their guard.
  • I set out and proceeded down the river through a butifull bottom, passing a Indian fort on the head of a Small island near the Lard Shore and Encamped on a Small Island Seperated from the Lard Shore by a very narrow Chanel.
  • July 18, 1806
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
July 4, 1804 - Clark, William
  • [Dorion (Dorion, Pierre, Sr.) ] inteptr for the Sues (Sioux Indians) Capt. Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) my Self & York (York) in all 46 men July 4th    4 horses & a Dog The following words at right angles to the rest of the entry are overwritten by the July 4 entry: "Lock, Moles, Vests, Seeds, [presen?]
  • The archaeological sites of the Kansa Indians (Kansa Indians) are identified as part of the Oneota culture, and this Oneota village (Oneota village) (referred to by Clark (Clark, William) , below, as "2d old Kanzas (Kansa Indians) village") is the Doniphan site (Doniphan site) , in the present town of Doniphan (Doniphan, Kans.) , Doniphan County (Doniphan County, Kans.) , Kansas (Kansas) . The earliest documented Kansa (Kansa Indians) village, it was apparently occupied in the first half of the eighteenth century.
  • July 4, 1804
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 1, 1806 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • above falls or through plains from thence to the Chopunnish (Nez Perce Indians) there are no deer Antelope nor Elk on which we can depend for subsistence; their horses are very poor most probably at this season, and if they have no fish their dogs must be in the same situation.   
  • The term Chopunnish (Nez Perce Indians) may be from Nez Perce (Nez Perce Indians) tsoopnit, "(the act of) punching a hole with a pointed object," and by extension tsoopnitpeloo meaning "piercing people."
  • The term Kooskooskee (Clearwater (Flathead, Kooskooskee) River) may represent Nez Perce (Nez Perce Indians) qu·sqú·s, "blue gray"; see October 6, 1805.
  • April 1, 1806
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
November 1, 1805 - Clark, William
  • S 20° E     2 ½ Miles to 2 Lodges of Indians on a Small Island near the Stard. point.
  • Bend    passed 2 Small Islands one on each side and one in the middle at 2 miles at the uppr. point 2 Lodges of Indians drying fish opsd. a rapid, passed 9 Lodges of Indians drying fish on an Island Close under the Stard.
  • passed 3 Islands nearly opposit to each other 2 on the Stard. large one on the Lard Small 17 Lodges of Indians fishing on those 3 Islands, a vault at the upper point of the 1st.
  • November 1, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
August 7, 1804 - Gass, Patrick
  • We set out early this morning and continued our voyage till 12, when four of our people were dispatched to the Oto (Oto Indians) nation of Indians after the man who had not returned on the 4th, with orders to take him, dead or alive, if they could see him.
  • August 7, 1804
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
January 28, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark 28th January Monday 1805 attempt to cut through the ice &c get our Boat and Canoo out without Suckcess, Several Indians here wishing to get war hatchets made [here a drawing] this shape    the man Sick yesterday is getting well    Mr.
  • Clark (Clark, William) sketched the form of tomahawk head the Indians desired. See figure. Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) described it in detail on February 5, 1805.
  • January 28, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
April 6, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark April the 6th Friday Saturday 1805 a fine day    visited by a number of mandans (Mandan Indians) , we are informed of the arrival of the whole of the ricarra (Arikara Indians) nation on the other Side of the river near their old village.   
  • April 6, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
October 4, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Clark October 4th 〈Thursday〉 Friday 1805 a Cool wind from off the Eastern mountains    I displeased an Indian by refuseing him a pice of Tobacco which he tooke the liberty to take out of our Sack    Three Indians visit us from the Grat River South of us.
  • October 4, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
November 22, 1805 - Clark, William
  • how horriable is the day—    This Storm Continued all day with equal violence accompanied with rain, Several Indians about us, nothing killed    the waves & brakers flew over our Camp, one Canoe Split by the Tosing of those waves—    we are all Confined to our Camp and wet.    purchased some Wapto roots for which was given, brass armbans & rings of which the Squars were fond.    we find the Indians easy ruled and kept in order by a Stricter indifference towards them
  • November 22, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
November 26, 1805 - Gass, Patrick
  • The people were Cathlamets (Cathlamet Indians) , speaking Kathlamet, a Chinookan (Chinook Indians) language, and their village was at Knappa (Knappa, Oreg.) , Clatsop County (Clatsop County, Oreg.) , Oregon (Oregon) .
  • November 26, 1805
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
December 19, 1805 - Clark, William
  • Pryer (Pryor, Nathaniel Hale) with 8 men in 2 Canoes across the bay for the boads of an Indian house which is abandoned, the other part of the men continue to doe a little at the huts, the after part of the day Cloudy with hail & rain, Sgt. Pryer (Pryor, Nathaniel Hale) and party returned with 2 Canoes loads of Boards, two Indians Came & Stayed but a Short time Youngs (Meriwether's) Bay (Youngs (Meriwether's) Bay) .
  • December 19, 1805
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
January 1, 1806 - Ordway, John
  • .— Clatsop (Clatsop Indians) Indians, according to Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) and Clark (Clark, William) .
  • January 1, 1806
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
February 26, 1806 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • Whitehouse Wednesday Febry 26th    A pleasant morning & Clear weather, four of our Men went out from the fort to hunt, & 2 of our Men went in a Canoe in order to go to the Clatsop (Clatsop Indians) & Cathlamah (Cathlamet Indians) 〈t〉 Village in order to purchase some fish from the Natives.   
  • February 26, 1806
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
March 31, 1806 - Gass, Patrick
  • The captains called the people Shahalas (Watlala Indians) ; they were probably Watlalas (Watlala Indians) . The village was within Portland (Portland, Oreg.) , Multnomah County (Multnomah County, Oreg.) , Oregon (Oregon) , probably on the site of the airport.
  • March 31, 1806
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick
The Salish People and the Lewis and Clark Expedition Excerpt 6
  • We lost our land, they beat us out of it. The first Indians they saw, the whites showed the Indians necklaces, string, or something; the people liked them.
  • N.D.
  • Multimedia
  • Salish Pend d'Oreille Culture Committee and Elders Cultural Advisory Council, Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes
Journal of Historical Geography [Great Britain] 18:1 (1992) 27–40.
  • This was customary of much of Miller's work, which frequently focused on Indian women because to him they represented the idyllic side of Indian life.
  • Miller recognized parallels between the Greek ideal and the American Indian and he even found the Indian a superior model." Miller certainly did not share Catlin's missionary zeal regarding Indians; nor did he possess Karl Bodmer's skills of scientific observation and almost mathematical precision in rendering Indian life.
  • From darkly mysterious images of Indian burial grounds, to the curious and wonderful Indian trailmarkers and directional guides, to the visual evidence of the Indians' exotic relationships with a spirit world, Bodmer demonstrated his fascination for the scientifically exotic (Figure 4).
  • N.D.
  • Texts
  • John L. Allen
November 11, 1803 - Lewis, Meriwether
  • engaged George Drewyer (Drouillard, George) in the public service as an Indian Interpretter, contracted to pay him 25 dollards pr. month for his services.—    Mr Swan (Swan, William) Assistant Millitary agent at that place advanced him thirty dollars on account of his pay.— Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) has written 11 over 12 for the date and continued to make corrections through November 17.
  • Established by the French in 1757, ceded to the British in 1763, and abandoned the next year, it was soon destroyed by Chickasaw Indians (Chickasaw Indians) . The ruins were not restored until 1794 by Americans under orders from General Anthony Wayne (Wayne, Anthony) .
  • November 11, 1803
  • Journals
  • Lewis, Meriwether
December 25, 1803 - Clark, William
  • Clark Christmas 25th Decr: I was wakened by a Christmas discharge 〈of〉 found that Some of the party had got Drunk 〈2 fought,〉 the men frolicked and hunted all day, Snow this morning, Ice run all day, Several Turkey Killed    Shields (Shields, John) returned with a cheese & 4 lb butter, Three Indians Come to day to take Christmas with us, I gave them a bottle of whiskey and they went off after informing me that a great talk had been held and that all the nations were going to war against the Ozous (Osage Indians) [Osage (Osage Indians) ?]
  • December 25, 1803
  • Journals
  • Clark, William
July 21, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • Side of the Missouris (Missouri River)    the party who were with the Horses joined us with four Deer, Either François Labiche (Labiche, François) or Pierre Cruzatte (Cruzatte, Pierre) , more likely the latter. Oto (Oto Indians) and Pawnee (Pawnee Indians) Indians.
  • July 21, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
October 2, 1804 - Whitehouse, Joseph
  • about 2 oClock we discovered a nomber of Indians on the hills on N. S.    one of them came down on the bank of the river & fired off his Gun and cryed out.   
  • Tuesday October 2nd    We set off early this morning, and proceeded on, and passed a range of black bluffs, lying on the North side, and a large bottom on the South side of the River; about 2 oClock P. M. we discovered a number of Indians, on the hills on the North side of the River, One of those Indians came on the bank of the River, and fired off his Gun, and hallowed to us.   
  • October 2, 1804
  • Journals
  • Whitehouse, Joseph
December 15, 1804 - Ordway, John
  • I & 2 more of the party went up to the 1st & 2 villages of the Mandans (Mandan Indians) .    traded for a little corn &.C.    they had all their corn in holes made in the Ground close in front of their lodges.   
  • had not killed any Buffaloe for they are all back in the praries. The Mandan (Mandan Indians) hoop and pole game, not mentioned by Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) or Clark (Clark, William) . Stewart Culin, Games of the North American Indians (1907. Reprint. 2 vols. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1992), 2:511–13.
  • December 15, 1804
  • Journals
  • Ordway, John
August 17, 1805 - Gass, Patrick
  • We proceeded on about 2 miles, and discovered a number of the natives, of the Snake (Shoshone Indians) nation, coming along the bank on the South side. Captain Lewis (Lewis, Meriwether) had been as far as the waters of the Columbia river (Columbia River) and met them there.
  • Here we unloaded the canoes, and had a talk with the Indians; and agreed with them that they should lend us some of their horses to carry our baggage to the Columbia river (Columbia River) . Lewis's (Lewis, Meriwether) party had crossed the Continental Divide (Continental Divide) and met the Shoshones (Shoshone Indians) on the Lemhi River (Lemhi (East Fork Lewis's) River) in Idaho (Idaho) .
  • August 17, 1805
  • Journals
  • Gass, Patrick

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